Diss. (sammanfattning) Linköping : Univ., 2004. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniv., 2000. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Thesis (M.D.)--University of Hong Kong, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 195-247).

Thesis (M.D.)--University of Hong Kong, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 195-247) Also available in print.

Additional appendix (5 p.) is pasted onto back end-paper. Bibliography: leaves 219-244. Investigates the complexity of the vagal reflexes arising from the upper gastrointestinal tract by recording single unit vagal afferents and efferents in the ferret. The potential involvement of various neurotransmitters in mediating and modulating gastrointestinal tract inputs is also explored.

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The main objective of this thesis was to assess food intake by bream, depending on the onset and end of spawning period. To meet the objectives of a practical experiment was carried out. This experiment was run on the dams Hamry and Brno in the years 2008 and 2009. Subsequently it was determined by standard methods. These methods (indirect, food frequency, filling index, index of superiority and gonadosomatic index. Subsequently, an analysis of stomach.

Introduction: The incidence of oesophageal cancer (OC) is increasing. Targeted therapies are being investigated, as chemotherapy in advanced OC achieves only 50% response rates and confers significant toxicity. TRANS-COG is a sub-study of COG, the only randomised trial of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) gefitinib versus placebo in patients with advanced OC. Aim and Methods: The aim of TRANS-COG is to identify biomarkers for predicting response to gefitinib by investigating the frequency of mutations of EGFR pathway members and EGFR gene copy number gain (CNG) by Fluorescence In Situ Hybridisation (FISH). Results: No EGFR mutations were identified, frequency of other pathway member mutations are as follows: KRAS 3.6%, PI3KCA 3.2%, BRAF 0.6%. The frequency of EGFR CNG was 13.5%. There were two cases of combined EGFR CNG and KRAS mutation 0.3%.Patients with EGFR CNG tumours had improved OS with gefitinib compared to placebo, log rank p=0.033, HR 0.523 (95%CI 0.285-0.962). Those with EGFR high CNG (amplification) also had improved OS with gefitinib, median OS 4.40 months vs median OS 1.71 months for placebo log rank p=0.004, HR 0.184 (95% CI 0.052-0.653). Mutation of KRAS conferred poor prognosis, independent of treatment received; median OS 3.614 months in KRAS wild type vs 1.741 months in KRAS mutated tumours, log rank p=0.023, HR 1.8153 (95% CI 1.078 3.187). A novel KRAS codon 61 mutation, Q61L, was also identified. Conclusion: 21.18% of patients have dysregulation of the EGFR pathway, these abnormalities represent realistic therapeutic targets. This analysis demonstrates clinical utility of EGFR CNG as a predictive biomarker of gefitinib response.

A videocirurgia é uma especialidade em crescimento dentro da medicina veterinária, muitos trabalhos descrevem suas vantagens em comparação às técnicas convencionais em diversos procedimentos de rotina e experimentais. A maior parte dos trabalhos publicados está relacionada às cirurgias do sistema reprodutor. Outros sistemas, como o gastrintestinal, ainda são pouco explorados. Os tumores de estômago, apesar de incomuns nos animais domésticos, tem maior incidência na espécie canina. Entre eles, os tumores benignos normalmente são pequenos e delimitados, possuem bom prognóstico e a ressecção cirúrgica é considerada o tratamento de eleição. O presente estudo teve como objetivo desenvolver um modelo de nódulo gástrico e avaliar sua ressecção por laparoscopia, assistida por endoscopia flexível. Para o estudo, foram utilizados 10 cadáveres de cães com peso entre 15 e 30 kg. O modelo de nódulo gástrico foi realizado em etapa aberta, através da aplicação de látex líquido entre as camadas muscular e submucosa na região próxima ao cárdia, no fundo gástrico. Com o objetivo de testar o acesso laparoscópico para sua ressecção, foram inseridos cinco portais para passagem do instrumental laparoscópico, sendo a ressecção do nódulo promovida pelo uso de grampeador laparoscópico. Nos dez cadáveres foi possível a formação do nódulo gástrico e sua visualização pela mucosa gástrica, via gastroscopia. A exérese dos nódulos com uso de carga única de 45 mm de comprimento apresentou limitações quanto à oclusão e secção do estômago. Nos três primeiros animais, o tecido excedeu o comprimento da carga resultando na incompleta oclusão do estômago, nos demais, a oclusão foi satisfatória, entretanto para completa exérese do fragmento foi necessário o auxílio de tesoura. O estudo possibilitou a partir do desenvolvimento do modelo de nódulo gástrico uma simulação adequada na ressecção laparoscópica de pequenos tumores com uso de dispositivo de sutura mecânica em conjunto com a endoscopia flexível. / The laparoscopic surgery is a growing specialty within veterinary medicine, many papers describe its advantages compared to conventional techniques in various routine and experimental procedures. Most of the published work is related to the surgeries of the reproductive system. Other systems, such as the gastrointestinal, are still poorly explored. Tumors of the stomach, although uncommon in domestic animals, have a higher incidence in the canine species. Among them, benign tumors are usually small and delimited, have good prognosis and surgical resection is considered the treatment of choice. The present study aimed to develop a gastric nodule model and to evaluate its laparoscopic resection, assisted by flexible endoscopy. For the study, 10 cadavers of dogs weighing between 15 and 30 kg were used. The gastric nodule model was performed in the open stage by the application of liquid latex between the muscular and submucosal layers in the region close to the cardia, in the gastric fundus. In order to test the laparoscopic access for its resection, five portals were inserted to pass the laparoscopic instruments, being resection of the node promoted by the use of laparoscopic stapler. In the ten cadavers it was possible to form the gastric node and its visualization through the gastric mucosa, via gastroscopy. Excision of the nodules with a single load of 45 mm in length presented limitations on occlusion and section of the stomach. In the first three animals, the tissue exceeded the length of the load resulting in incomplete occlusion of the stomach, in the others, the occlusion was satisfactory, however for complete exertion of the fragment it was necessary the aid of scissors. The study allowed the development of the gastric nodule model to simulate laparoscopic resection of small tumors using a mechanical suture device in conjunction with flexible endoscopy.

Introduction: Worldwide, Gastric Cancer (GC) is the fourth cancer in incidence and the second most common cause of cancer death. Because it is asymptomatic in the early stages, it is often diagnosed in advanced stages. HER2 gene expression has been identified in about 20% of GC. Its expression is associated with a worse prognosis for GC patients. Objectives: To study HER2 immunoexpression in specimens of gastric adenocarcinoma and its association with histological classification and anatomical location. Patients and methods: We conduct a cross-sectional study, where we analyzed HER2 immunoexpression in 48 specimens of gastric adenocarcinoma. We use avidin-biotin method with primary antibody peroxidase C-erb B2, clone EP1045Y (Biocare Medical, USA). Results: We found seven positive cases. HER2 was expressed in 5 intestinal type and 2 in the intestinal component of mixed type. There was no expression of HER2 in diffuse type. HER2 expression was associated with the intestinal component of gastric adenocarcinoma (p = 0.003). Regarding the anatomical site, 1 in 6 (16.6%) proximal cases was positive for HER2, and 6 in 42 (14.28%) distal were positive for HER2. We did not find an association between HER2 expression and the anatomical site of GC. Conclusion: HER2 immunoexpression was found in 14.6% of the sample and it showed significant association with Lauren's intestinal subtype. / Introdução: O Câncer Gástrico (CG) ocupa o quarto lugar em incidência no mundo, sendo a segunda causa de óbito por neoplasia maligna. Por ser assintomático nas fases iniciais, na maioria das vezes, é diagnosticado em fases avançadas. A expressão do gene HER2 tem sido identificada em cerca de 20% dos CG, e sua hiper-expressão está associada a um pior prognóstico nestes pacientes. Objetivo: Investigar a expressão imunoistoquímica do HER2 em espécimes de adenocarcinoma gástrico, e sua relação com a classificação histológica e localização anatômica. Pacientes e métodos: Estudo transversal, retrospectivo, onde foi analisada a expressão imunoistoquímica para o HER2, em uma amostra de 48 espécimes de CG, através da técnica de imunoistoquímica, pelo método avidina-biotina-peroxidase, utilizando anticorpo primário C-erb B2, clone EP1045Y (Biocare Medical, USA). Resultados: Foram encontrados 7 casos com expressão positiva de HER2; destes, 5 eram casos de adenocarcinoma do tipo intestinal e 2 eram casos do tipo misto, porém, nestes, a expressão ocorreu no componente intestinal, o que determinou uma associação significante da expressão de HER2 com o componente intestinal do adenocarcinoma gástrico (p=0,003). Quanto ao sítio anatômico, dos 6 casos proximais, somente 1 (16,6%) foi positivo para o HER2, e nos 42 casos distais 6 (14,28%) foram positivos para o HER2. Não foi demonstrada associação da expressão de HER2 com o sítio anatômico das lesões. Conclusão: A expressão de HER2 ocorreu em 14,6% da amostra, associada significativamente ao subtipo intestinal de Lauren.