Devices that exploit the properties of quantum mechanics for their operation can offer unique advantages over their classical counterparts. Interference of matter waves can be used to dramatically increase the rotational sensitivity of gyroscopes. Complete control of the quantum evolution of a system could produce a new powerful computational device known as a quantum computer. Research into these technologies offers a deeper understanding of quantum mechanics as well as exciting new insights into many other areas of science. Currently, a limiting factor in many quantum devices using neutral atoms is accurate motional control over the atoms. This thesis describes two recent advancements in neutral atom motional control using both magnetic and electromagnetic confining fields. Part I reports on the demonstration of the first storage ring for neutral atoms. This storage ring may one day provide the basis for the world's most sensitive gyroscope. Part II describes the optical delivery of neutral atoms into the mode of a high-finesse cavity for applications in quantum computing and communication.

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Orientador: Evandro Conforti / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T03:26:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tosin_Giancarlo_D.pdf: 3627033 bytes, checksum: 259c4fdcd684f17b9b0a0dbe346d2342 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: As medições acuradas e precisas do campo magnético dos dispositivos de inserção (DIs) são essenciais para garantir que suas instalações no Anel de Armazenamento de Elétrons do Laboratório Nacional de Luz Síncrotron (LNLS) alcançarão o desempenho desejado e não comprometerão a estabilidade do feixe de elétrons estocado. Tais dispositivos são versáteis fontes de radiação introduzidas nos Anéis de Armazenamento onde, a partir dos seus perfis de campos, promovem a emissão de intensos fluxos de fótons, de largo espectro ou monocromáticos, cuja polarização também pode ser controlada. Devido às características do feixe de elétrons do Anel de Armazenamento do LNLS, tais como energia de operação, energia de injeção e abertura dinâmica (região onde o feixe é estável), severas restrições na qualidade do campo são impostas para garantir o tempo de vida e a estabilidade da órbita. Para a verificação dessas especificações e do perfil do campo, que é fundamental para a determinação do espectro emitido, construiu-se uma bancada de caracterização com alcance útil de 4,2 m. Duas técnicas foram nela instaladas: bobina girante, para a medida de campos médios (ou integrados), e sensores Hall, para a medição de campos locais. Ambas as técnicas foram exploradas nos seus conceitos, e aperfeiçoadas, a fim de assegurar a confiabilidade dos valores medidos, dentro de suas especificações. O aperfeiçoamento das técnicas aqui proposto permitiu melhorar substancialmente a precisão apresentada na literatura especializada / Abstract: This Thesis was a consequence of the need for an accurate and precise magnetic field measurement bench for insertion devices characterization (IDs). Such devices are versatile radiation sources installed in Electron Storage Rings. From their magnetic field profile, they provide high photon fluxes, with broad or monochromatic spectrum, being possible, depending on the ID geometry, to control also the radiation polarization. Due to some features of the LNLS electron beam, such as injection energy, operation energy and dynamic aperture, severe restrictions are imposed on the magnetic field quality to assure a long life time and a stable beam orbit. A characterization bench, 4.2 m in length, was built to verify such specifications and to determine the field profile, which is correlated to the emission spectrum. Two techniques were implemented in this bench: rotating coil, for average (or integrated) field measurements, and Hall probes, for local field measurements. Both techniques were conceptually explored and improved to guarantee the reliability of the measured values within their specifications. The results showed a considerable increasing in the precision with respect to values presented in the scientific literature / Doutorado / Eletrônica, Microeletrônica e Optoeletrônica / Doutor em Engenharia Elétrica

Das Thema der vorgelegten Dissertation ist der quasi-isochrone Betrieb der Metrology Light Source zur Erzeugung kurzer Elektronenpakete mit der damit verbundenen Emission von kohärenter Sychrotronstrahlung. Die Metrology Light Source wurde schon in der Planungsphase auf den quasi-isochronen Betrieb ausgelegt. Es stehen Quadrupol-, Sextupol- und Oktupolmagnete zur Verfügung, um die drei führenden Ordnungen des sogenannten momentum compaction factors zu kontrollieren. Der Schwerpunkte der Arbeit ist nichtlineare, longitudinale Strahldynamik, insbesondere die sogenannten "alpha-buckets". Der Vergleich zwischen analytischen Ansätzen, numerischen Simulation und experimentellen Daten wird vorgestellt und diskutiert. Desweiteren wurde die Stromlimitierung durch die Bursting-Instabilität an der Metrology Light Source untersucht. Der Großteil der Messungen ist dabei an der Metrology Light Source durchgeführt worden mit komplementären Messungen am Elektronenspeicherring BESSY II. / The subject of this thesis is the operation of an electron storage ring at a low momentum compaction to generate short electron bunches as a source for coherent synchrotron radiation. For this purpose the Metrology Light Source is ideally suited, as it is the first light source designed with the ability to adjust the three leading orders of the momentum compaction factor by quadrupole, sextupole and octupole magnets. Therefore, new opportunities to shape the longitudinal phase space arise. Focus will be put on beam dynamics dominated by nonlinear momentum compaction, in particular the generation of a new bucket type "alpha-buckets" and possible applications. Relation of analytical theory, numerical simulations and experimental data will be presented and discussed. In addition, the current limitation due to the bursting instability at the Metrology Light Source bunches will be investigated. The majority of measurements were conducted at the Metrology Light Source complemented by measurements at the BESSY II storage ring.

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Die steigende Nachfrage nach Synchrotronstrahlungsanlagen hat zu einem stetig wachsenden Angebot auf der ganzen Welt geführt. Die wissenschaftliche Nutzergemeinde der Speicherring-basierten Lichtquellen benötigt immer höhere Brightness und viele sind auch an speziellen Zeitstrukturen der Strahlung, wie kurzen Pulslängen und bestimmten Wiederholungsraten, interessiert. Dies hat zu einer kontinuierlichen Verbesserung bestehender und zum Bau vieler neuer Anlagen geführt. Das Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH (HZB) betreibt den Berlin Electron Storage Ring Society for SYnchrotron Radiation (BESSY) II, eine Lichtquelle dritter Generation. Der Betrieb der Speicherring basierten Lichtquelle BESSY II nahe der transversalen, optischen Resonanz dritter Ordnung mit Transverse Resonance Island Buckets (TRIBs) Optik ermöglicht die Speicherung von Strom auf einer zweiten, stabilen Umlaufbahn. Der zweite Orbit windet sich im transversalen x-x′-Phasenraum über drei Umläufe um den Kernorbit und hat somit etwa den dreifachen Arbeitspunkt des Kernstrahls. Der stabile Inselorbit bietet die Möglichkeit, die Elektronen für jeden der 400, von der 500 MHz BESSY II Radio Frequency (RF) Kavität definierten, Buckets, fast beliebig zwischen dem Kern und den drei zugehörigen TRIBs zu verteilen. Dies eröffnet neue Möglichkeiten der Bunchtrennung. Durch Bevölkerung eines Orbits mit wenigen Elektronenpaketen, kann dieser dediziert für zeitaufgelöste Experimente genutzt werden. Es erhalten alle Strahlrohre mit hinreichender Akzeptanz die Möglichkeit, zeitaufgelöste Experimente durchzuführen. Die Bunchtrennung wird durch Ausrichtung der Strahlrohre auf den gewünschten Orbit erreicht. Somit stellt dieser Betriebsmodus eine Möglichkeit dar, die Timing-Fähigkeiten der BESSY II-Anlage und Speicherringbasierter Lichtquellen im Allgemeinen weiter auszubauen. / The increasing demand for synchrotron radiation facilities has led to a continuously increasing offer around the world. The scientific user community of storage-ring-based light sources requires ever-higher brightness and many are also interested in special time structures of the radiation such as short pulse lengths and certain repetition rates. This has led to continuous upgrades of existing and the construction of many new machines around the world. The Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH (HZB) operates the third generation light source Berlin Electron Storage Ring Society for SYnchrotron Radiation (BESSY) II. Operation of the storage-ring-based light source BESSY II in proximity of the third-order, transverse, optical tune resonance with Transverse Resonance Island Buckets (TRIBs) optics enables storage of current on a second stable orbit winding around the core orbit in the transverse x-x′ -phase space. This second orbit closes after three revolutions, resulting in a tune approximately three times that of the core tune. The stable island orbit provides the possibility to populate each of the 400 Radio Frequency (RF) buckets, defined by the 500 MHz cavities at BESSY II not only on the core but also additionally or exclusively on one or all three of the corresponding transverse island buckets of the threefold island orbit. This provides unique bunch separation possibilities with the appropriate population of each orbit. The population of one orbit with single bunches enables dedicated utilisation of this orbit for timing experiments and gives all beamlines with sufficient acceptance access to time-resolved experiments. The bunch separation is realised by aligning each beamline with the desired orbit. Thus, this operation mode represents a possibility to enhance the timing capabilities at BESSY II and storage ring based light sources in general.