Date: 05 June 2017 Level: Bachelor Thesis in Business Administration, 15 ECTS Institution: School of Business, Society and Engineering, Mälardalen University Authors: Meier, Philip Soltani, Nazila Khodabandeloo (88/03/11) (93/07/05) Title: Understanding and Predicting Students’ Intention to Pay for Private Cloud Storage Services Tutour: Konstantin Lampou Keywords: cloud storage service, iCloud, technology acceptance model, information systems, user acceptance, intention to pay Research Question: What are students’ intention to pay for private cloud storage services and why? Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate students’ intention to pay for private cloud storage services, in order to find out how willing they are to pay for such services and for what reasons. Method: This study takes a qualitative approach, where both primary and secondary data are collected. Secondary data was collected through i.e. empirical studies and annual publications. Primary empirical data was conducted through semi-structured interviews with 21 students of Mälardalen University. The primary empirical data was analysed using a thematic analysis. Conclusion: Conducting this study showed, that most of the factors’ influences on students’ intention to pay for private cloud storages were positive, resulting in an overall high willingness to pay. The perceived monetary sacrifice was regarded as very low, hence not preventing potential customers from paying for the services. Considerable issues were however found in the perceived quality, more precisely in the perceived reliability and the lack of trust expressed in private cloud services. Finally, unused potential for private cloud service providers to positively influence students’ attitudes was found both in the perceived usefulness and subjective norm factors.

Maitriser et optimiser les performances et la consommation énergétique dans les systèmes embarqués est aujourd'hui crucial. Pour ce faire, des techniques d'estimation de ces métriques sont utilisées dans des environnements où la réalisation de mesures est difficile. Ce travail cible l'évaluation des performances et de la consommation énergétique du service du stockage secondaire dans un système d'exploitation embarqué utilisant une mémoire flash NAND. L'un des moyens de gérer ce type de média est l'utilisation de systèmes de fichiers dédiés (Flash File Systems, FFS), pour lequel on peut constater un manque de travaux dans la littérature concernant les techniques d'estimation des performances et de la consommation. Les contributions apportées dans cette thèse s'articulent autour d'une méthodologie de modélisation pour l'estimation des performances et de la consommation des systèmes de stockage embarqués de type FFS. Cette méthodologie est divisée en trois phases. En phase d'exploration on identifie, via des micro-benchmarks, les éléments du système de stockage impactant les performances et la consommation du système embarqué. En phase de modélisation, cet impact est représenté sous la forme de modèles de différents types, dont les principaux sont les modèles fonctionnels, de performances et de consommation. Les paramètres de ces modèles sont extraits via des mesures. En phase de simulation, les modèles sont implémenté dans un simulateur, développé dans le cadre de cette thèse, permettant d'obtenir des estimations concernant les performances et la consommation d'un système de stockage à base de mémoire flash soumis à une charge d'entrées / sorties donnée. / Controlling and optimizing embedded system performance and power consumption is critical. In this context, estimation techniques are used when performing measurement campaigns is difficult due to time or financial constraints. This work targets the performance and power consumption evaluation of the secondary storage service in an embedded operating system using NAND flash memory. One way to manage flash memory is to used dedicated Flash File Systems (FFS). One can observe a lack of work in the literature concerning FFS performance and power consumption estimation techniques.The contributions presented in this thesis rely on a three steps performance and power consumption modeling methodology. During the exploration phase, we identify through micro-benchmarking the main elements of a FFS based system impacting performance and power consumption of the embedded system. In the modeling phase, this impact is represented by building models of various types. The main models types are the functional, performance and power consumption models. Models parameters are extracted through measurements on a real platform. During the simulation phase the models are implemented in a simulator. This tool allows obtaining performance and power consumption estimations concerning a flash-based storage system processing a given I/O workload.

隨著網際網路的蓬勃發展、雲端運算的興起，各種公有雲端服務林立，企業組織擁有更多不同的選擇與更經濟的解決方案，因此也願意投入更多花費在公有雲上。其中，最重要的一項服務為檔案同步與分享服務(File Synchronization and Sharing, FSS)，其可為企業組織帶來生產力，但在無法完全信任公有雲端服務的情況下，在檔案管理及服務上勢必會採用混合雲部署，私有雲端環境用來處理敏感度較高的資料而敏感度較低的檔案及文件才會採用公有雲端服務。 本研究將探討在混合雲環境下會遇到的使用者多重帳號及身分，以及檔案一致性的問題。我們提出一套整合不同雲端平台帳號的架構和方法，在檔案同步上，設計出三次同步訊息交換和兩階段同步的機制，並且架構出一個入口網站(Portal)服務，根據以上設計架構，實作出一個在混合雲環境，跨本地端、公有雲與私有雲的雲端帳號整合，檔案權限管理與同步之系統，最終可以解決在混合雲環境，不同雲端平台多重帳號的困擾，並可以維持不同裝置和雲端之間檔案資料和權限一致性。本研究最後針對實作出的系統之三大功能模組進行測試，驗證本系統各元件模組的正確性和穩定性，測試結果都是通過的；也針對公、私有雲端，測試檔案同步時間，衡量各種大小檔案同步所需要花費的時間，驗證本系統的效能和實用性。 / As rapid growth of cloud computing and Internet, there are variety public cloud service providers on the market, and enterprises will have more choices and economical IT solutions, therefore, they are willing to spend more on public cloud. Although, the most significant of cloud-based productivity services is file synchronization and sharing, enterprises cannot fully trust public cloud, they will deploy file management system with hybrid cloud which they store less sensitive data on public cloud and highly sensitive data on private cloud. This study aim to design a system on hybrid cloud deployment that can solve the problems regarding too many online accounts and synchronize data and permissions between different devices and cloud to maintain consistency. We propose a method to integrate accounts on different cloud and design a mechanize of file synchronization which contains three steps messages flows and two stages synchronization to implement the system, otherwise, we also create a portal service. Last but not least, we test three main modules of the system to verify correctness and stability and the results are all pass. Also, we measure the synchronization time of files with different size to verify effectiveness and practicality.

I det här arbetet har författarna valt att fokusera på lagringssäkerhet ur synvinkelnhemmiljö. För att kunna ge målgruppen någon form av riktlinje definieras olika kravpå säkerhet och lagring från författarnas sida att utgå från vid diskussion och arbetetsupplägg. Arbetet inriktar sig på vad det finns för möjligheter för att kunna säkra uppde olika formerna av lagringsmöjligheter. Är det möjligt att göra? Vilka källor kanman förvänta sig att målgruppen använder för att lösa de här problemen? Genom attstudera tidigare forskning och göra omfattande dokumentstudier kommer författarnafram till vad som kan vara lämpligt att använda i en hemmiljö för säker fillagring.Arbetet mynnar ut i ett resultat med vad de olika lagringslösningarna och lagringstjänsternaklarar av för krav samt vad de klarar av för olika funktioner. Det finns ävenen form av rekommendation för användaren vad som kan vara en lämplig väg att gå,dock inte ett direkt svar på hur denna skall se ut. / The authors of this essay have chosen to focus on secure data storage from a homeenvironment standpoint. In order to give this target group something that resembles aguideline, several demands regarding security and storage will be defined. This willalso be used as a basis both for how the essay is approached and the discussion of it.The essay focuses on the possibilities when it comes to securing the varyingforms of storage solutions. Can it be done securely? In order to solve these problems,what sources are the target group most likely to use?Through study of earlier research, and extensive document studies, the authorsfind solutions regarding secure data storage that are feasible to use in a home environment.In the end, the essay will point out which of the defined demands thevarious storage solutions and services can handle, and which functions they can handle.There is also a recommendation for the reader regarding what is feasible andsuitable for use, though not a clear-cut answer saying which solution is the better;that’s still up to the reader herself to determine.

This thesis examines the benefits and drawbacks of cloud computing technology within the GLAM (Galleries, Libraries, Archives, and Museums) sector of Sweden and Finland. It employs the case study of the recently developed and launched Digital Archive Project at Åland Maritime Museum which leveraged the Amazon Web Services (AWS) technology stack to provide a cloud-based digital platform for the museum's archival materials. The primary objective of this study is to understand the interaction, usage, and suitability of cloud computing technologies and the impact of User Experience (UX) (primary users being the GLAM professionals) on digitalization efforts. This study analyzes eight GLAM institutions in Sweden and Finland using semi-structured interviews and compares the trust and readiness of adapting to private cloud service providers. The findings reveal that Finland has a more ‘aggressive’ and experimental approach to newer technologies such as cloud computing tools, compared to Sweden. In Sweden, there is an appreciation for pleasant UX and methods to make heritage material more accessible, but there is also a lot of hesitation due to the data privacy regulations in the aftermath of the Schrems II Judgment and the invalidation of the EU-U.S. Privacy Shield Agreement. The study concludes that AWS as a cloud provider is difficult to incorporate in the public sector GLAM institutions compared to the private sector. The study also provides practical recommendations for GLAM institutions and professionals and calls for further interdisciplinary research with Digital Humanists at the center of it.