Cryogenic carbon capture process can be used to efficiently eliminate CO2 emissions from fossil-fueled power plants. The energy-storing embodiment of cryogenic carbon capture (ES-CCC) integrates energy storage with cryogenic carbon capture and uses natural gas as a refrigerant. ES-CCC captures CO2 from slowly varying or steady-state sources even as it absorbs and replaces large amounts of energy on the grid for energy storage. These large transients occur in the LNG generation as the process moves through energy storing to energy recovery operations. Additionally, raw natural gas often includes CO2 that forms an azeotrope with ethane. Breaking this azeotrope and separating CO2 from other hydrocarbons to meet natural gas pipeline and liquefied natural gas (LNG) standards is very energy intensive. The purpose of this work is to (a) describe a dynamic heat exchanger that reduces the heat exchanger performance and efficiency losses experienced under transient conditions and (b) introduce an alternative extractive distillation system for CO2 separation from ethane that requires less capital and has a lower operating cost than the conventional system for the same purification. This investigation demonstrates theoretically and experimentally that the dynamic heat exchangers can absorb sudden and large changes in flow rates and other properties without compromising either the heat exchanger efficiency or creating thermal or other stresses. These heat exchangers play an essential role in the ES-CCC process. Designs for retrofitting existing heat exchangers and for replacing existing heat exchangers with new designs are both theoretically and experimentally tested. The ES-CCC process requires natural gas processing to meet pipeline and LNG standards in many applications, depending primarily on the CO2 content of locally available NG. The energy, cost, and dynamic response of such processing hinges primarily on the most difficult step, breaking the CO2-ethane azeotrope. This project proposes and analyzes an alternative process for breaking this azeotrope and a control scheme that dramatically improves the dynamic response of natural gas processing plants, including steady and transient control scheme and processing simulations. These contributions to the ES-CCC capture process all have much broader applications in many chemical and energy processes. These contributions to ES-CCC and other industrial processes improve energy efficiency and dynamic performance of many processes and are ready for larger scale demonstration.

Purpose: Vitamin K1 (phytonadione) is a fat-soluble vitamin and an essential cofactor for the synthesis of clotting factors II, VII, IX, X, protein C, and protein S. Vitamin K antagonists deplete vitamin K reserves effectively preventing the synthesis of these clotting factors leading to anticoagulation. Overly excessive anticoagulation, as evidenced by INRs greater than 5, may necessitate vitamin K for reversal of warfarin depending on bleeding risk factors. For elevated INR without bleeding, the oral route is preferred. Orally administered vitamin K1 tablets are only supplied by a single manufacturer, and only available as a 5 mg tablet. Concerns with availability of this tablet, lack of dosing options for treatment requiring less than 5 mg, and delivery options for patients unable to swallow whole tablets have prompted the exploration of alternative dosing strategies using the 10 mg/mL injectable emulsion compounded into an oral liquid. The possibility of storing the oral liquid in unit-doses adds a layer of convenience, and is common practice in many hospital pharmacies. In this project, we compared oral liquid vitamin K1 in sterile water for injection (SWFI) to oral liquid vitamin K1 in Ora-Sweet, simple syrup, cherry syrup, and Syrpalta stored in amber plastic oral syringes. Methods: Batches of 1 mg/mL vitamin K1 were prepared in SWFI, Ora-Sweet, simple syrup, cherry syrup, and Syrpalta and drawn up by 1-mL aliquots into amber plastic oral syringes. Syringes were capped and stored in a laboratory refrigerator (4.9-5.4oC). for the duration of the study. On each study day (0, 1, 2, 4, 7, 14, 21, 30, 60, and 90), three syringes from each vehicle were removed, and the contents diluted with ethanol to achieve a 0.5 mg/mL assay concentration. Additionally, USP reference material was used on each study day to prepare a fresh 0.5 mg/mL reference solution. The samples and reference were analyzed using a previously validated HPLC-UV method. Results were compared using a 2-way ANOVA (p = 0.05) with post-hoc Tukey’s correction for multiple comparisons. Product stability was defined as 90-110% labeled amount. Results: Of the vehicles tested, SWFI was the most suitable vehicle for longer-term storage of unit-dosed vitamin K1. The 1 mg/mL vitamin K1 in SWFI, when stored in amber plastic oral syringes, remains within the acceptable 90 – 110% range for 21 days. The Syrpalta preparation demonstrated the next highest BUD of 7 days, with one syringe (2 injections) falling outside the 90% potency at the 14 day time point. Cherry syrup allowed for very limited stability, with a BUD of 24 hours. By the 48-hour time point, two of the three samples were below the 90% potency cutoff. For the vitamin K oral solutions prepared in simple syrup and Ora-Sweet, the recovery of vitamin K was not within acceptable limits, even on the day of compounding. The initial recovery for vitamin K in simple syrup was only 86.8%. Similarly, the preparation in Ora-Sweet, was not at acceptable potency on the day of compounding, (92.7 ± 9.9%). While the average recovery in Ora-Sweet exceeded 90%, the variability between samples suggests a lack of homogeneous distribution of drug through the vehicle. Statistically significant differences were detected between the SWFI preparation and all other vehicles in a 2-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison post-test (p-value of 0.05). This difference was most pronounced between SWFI and Ora-Sweet and SWFI and simple syrup (both p < 0.0001). Cherry syrup was also vastly different from SWFI (p = 0.0002), and the difference between SWFI and Syrpalta was less pronounced, yet still significant (p = 0.0442). Conclusion: Vitamin K1 in sterile water and Syrpalta was stable for 21 days and 7 days, respectively, when stored in amber plastic syringes. Vitamin K1 in cherry syrup was only stable for 24 hours in the syringes. For vitamin K1 in Ora-Sweet and simple syrup, the within-day variability was very high due to limitations in drug dissolution; as such the average recovery was not consistently above 90%, even on the day of compounding. Statistically significant differences were detected between the SWFI formulation and all other vehicles. Several factors appear to affect the potency and stability of vitamin K1 in different vehicles. Because the stability of vitamin K1 oral solution differs between storage in amber glass bottles and oral syringes, vitamin K1 may have the potential to adsorb to polypropylene (PPE). The pH of the vehicle may contribute to degradation of vitamin K1, and the viscosity of the vehicle may affect the achievable potency of certain mixtures. The viscosity of the mixture also appears to affect maintenance of a homogenous mixture, but the presence of alcohol in the vehicle may help aid in solubilizing the vitamin K1 in Syrpalta. Vitamin K1 in SWFI appears to be the most suitable vehicle for longer-term storage of unit-dosed vitamin K, but Syrpalta and cherry syrup may also be appropriate for more immediate use.

To significantly reduce the volumes of food currently wasted in industrialized countries, tackling food waste on the household level is paramount. While awareness campaigns and economic incentives are important measures, it is crucial to look beyond individual decision making and scrutinize how contextual factors frame consumer lifestyles in ways that intensify the issue of food going to waste. This paper addresses the role of material contexts-in particular, infrastructures and Technologies- in the shaping of food shopping and storing practices and thus consumer food waste. It presents an in-depth, qualitative study with 24 Austrian households, conducted from November 2016 to February 2017. Data were collected through food waste diaries, semi-structured interviews and a total of 16 focus group discussions. In line with other studies, we find that food waste is a largely unintended outcome of entangled daily routines revolving around food, such as meal planning, grocery shopping and food storing. The characteristics of food retail infrastructures-in terms of accessibility, density and type-shape these routines and thus potentially influence excess food purchases. Food storing practices as well depend on the characteristics of domestic infrastructures and co-evolve with technologies used for storing food. Unraveling the interconnectivity between material contexts and household food practices can inform policy, product design and food retail development and thus has implications for reducing consumer food waste.

This report describes the building of a computer model that makes it possible to simulate the thermal climate in a greenhouse. The computer model is built on the physical theory of heat exchange that occur in a greenhouse, such as radiation and convective heat exchange. The model also includes the heat storage that is active in a greenhouse. The computer model is used to simulate the thermal climate in a greenhouse under three periods, winter, spring and summer. It also investigates which effect a concrete wall has on the thermal climate in a greenhouse. The purpose of putting a concrete wall in the greenhouse model is to investigate the possibility to store heat during the day and then use this heat when the temperature drops during the night. The result from the simulations shows that a concrete wall levels the big difference in temperature that normally occurs under a day in a greenhouse. It also shows that heat is stored in the concrete wall and during the night the wall temperature is higher than both the outdoor temperature and the greenhouse temperature. This makes the wall a source of heat during this time. / Växthus är pga. sin utformning väldigt känsligt för klimatets påverkan. Detta resulterar i att klimatet i växthuset under soliga dagar kan uppnå väldigt höga temperaturer medans temperaturen under kalla dagar och nätter kan bli lika låg som den rådande utomhustemperaturen. Växthusets klimat blir därför väldigt extremt och temperatursvängningarna stora. Temperatursvängningarna beror till stor del på växthusets låga värmetröghet och genom att öka trögheten i en byggnad kan temperatur svängningar minskas och ett jämnare termisk klimat uppnås. En ökning av trögheten kan också bidra till att värme lagras under varmare perioder och på så sätt minska ett eventuellt uppvärmningsbehov under de kalla perioderna. För att undersöka tröghetens inverkan och möjligheterna till värmelagring hos ett växthus har detta examensarbete inriktats på uppbyggnaden av en datormodell som kan simulera ett växthus termiska förhållanden. Modellen har sedan använts för att undersöka hur en betongvägg påverkar det termiska klimatet i växthuset samt betongväggens förmåga att lagra värme. Datormodellen har byggts upp i MATLAB vilket gör det möjligt att med klimatdata från olika perioder simulera växthuset inre klimat. Datormodellen bygger på matematiska beräkningar som grundar sig på fysikaliska och termiska samband. Växthuset som undersöks i datormodellen bygger på ett växthus som är planerat att uppföras på trädgårdsanläggningen Wij trädgårdar i Ockelbo. Växthuset går under namnet Eldtemplet och ingår i projektet ”Ny energi i gamla landskap” som ska utforska möjligheterna till nya energikällor inom trädgårds- och odlingsverksamhet. Simuleringar har genomförts med klimatdata från ett dygn under tre olika årstider, vinter, vår och sommar. Resultatet från simuleringarna visar att temperaturerna i växthuset påverkas väldigt mycket av den infallande solstrålningen. Införandet av en betongvägg ökar växthusets tröghet och jämnar ut temperatursvängningarna i växthuset. Simuleringarna visar också att betongväggen får en värmelagrande förmåga och under vissa perioder kan tillföra växthuset värme under natten då temperaturen i växthuset sjunker. Genom resultatet kan slutsatsen dras att det finns åtgärder att ta till som kan förbättra växthusets termiska egenskaper väsentligt och göra växthus mer energieffektiva.

When hormonally induced artificial spawning of african catfish (Clarias gariepinus), was several female injected intraperitoneally in one dose preparation Ovopel at doses of 1.5 pellet × kg-1. Females were kept separately in the tanks at a temperature of 21.5 °C. All females were spawned at the same time latency 19.2 hours. Eggs from three spawned females were mixed and divided into 6 doses. Each batch was placed into thermoboxes at temperature 5 °C, 10 °C, 15 °C, 20 °C, 25 °C and 30 °C. These eggs were stored in thermoboxes and after times of storage 0.5 h, 1 h, 1.5 h, 2 h, 3 h, 4 h, 6 h, 8 h, 10h, part of the eggs (approximately 50 to 100 pieces) were taken out from each thermoboxes in three replications and was placed into individuals cups and fertilized by adding 5 drops of sperm and 20 ml of water. In these samples were subsequently observed fertilization, hatching rate and survival rate. When watching fertilization was in individual temperature the highest values and also statistically non-significant difference ( = 0.05) achieved: at 5 °C in times of fertilization 0.5 2 hrs. (61.6 +- 5.81 % - 47.7 +- 1.48 %), at 10 °C in times 0.5 - 1.5 hrs. (70 +- 6.7 % - 62.1 +- 8.9 %), at 15 °C in times 0.5 - 3 hrs. (59.6 +- 9.4 % - 59.6 +- 2.9 %), at 20 °C in times 0.5 - 3 hrs. (61.4 +- 3.6 % - 56.1 +- 2.5 %), at 25 °C in times 0.5 - 4 hrs. (55.5 +- 7.2 % - 49.7 +- 9.3 %) and at 30 °C in times 0,5 - 3 hrs. (61.6 +- 10.3 % - 51.8 +- 17.8 %). When watching hatching rate was in individual temperature the highest values and also statistically non-significant difference ( = 0.05) achieved: at 5 °C in times of fertilization 0.5 - 1 hrs. (28.4 +- 2.9 % - 21.1 +- 9.5 %), at 10 °C in times 0.5 - 1 hrs. (36.6 +- 17.3 % - 22.1 +- 7 %), at 15 °C in times 0.5 - 2 hrs. (34.1 +- 5.5 % - 26.9 +- 5.1 %), at 20 °C in times 0.5 - 2 hrs. (33 +- 8.2 % - 28.8 +- 1.6 %), at 25 °C in times 0.5 - 4 hrs. (31.4 +- 6.2 % - 15.3 +- 13.5 %) and at 30 °C in times 0.5 - 2 hrs. (33.1 +- 9.2 % - 21.2 +- 8 %). When watching survival rate was in individual temperature the highest values and also statistically non-significant difference ( = 0.05) achieved: at 5 °C in times of fertilization 0.5 - 1 hrs. (20.1 +- 6 % - 13 +- 3.3 %), at 10 °C in times 0.5 - 3 hrs. (19.8 +- 15.31 % - 3.1 +- 3 %), at 15 °C in times 0.5 - 6 hrs. (23.3 +- 9 % - 5 +- 2.8 %), at 20 °C in times 0.5 - 2 hrs. (22.4 +- 1.9 % - 15.1 +- 5.2 %), at 25 °C in times 0.5 - 4 hrs. (18.7 +- 4.4 % - 4.1 +- 1.9 %) and at 30 °C in times 0.5 - 1.5 hrs. (26.2 +- 5.5 % - 21.4 +- 6.8 %). Suitable temperatures for the storage of unfertilized eggs after spawning are two hours before fertilization at temperatures from 15 to 30 °C. Other suitable temperatures which are useful for storage are temperatures 15 to 25 °C, for preservation after 3 hrs. and longer after fertilization.

The thesis deals with logistic processes in a chosen brush company. The aim of this thesis is analysis of used methods of management of a material and information flow which are dependent on a production program and improvement.There were carried on analysis off lows and relations with suppliers and buyers. Next there were mentioned a relation between flows and logistic center.Evaluations and recommendations are included in all the chapters of the thesis.

Com o objetivo de analisar o papel dos contratos de opção no mercado de arroz em casca como instrumento de estabilização de preço desenvolveu-se um modelo econômico que explica a alocação das disponibilidades de produto entre os períodos de safra e entressafra, em que as compras do governo podem ser acionadas para que o preço mínimo seja assegurado. As opções teriam o papel de reduzir os riscos de adiar a venda para o período da entressafra. O modelo é aplicado para analisar a operacionalização desse instrumento na safra de 2004/2005. Para isso foi estimada a demanda quinzenal por arroz no mercado nacional. Para a análise foram usadas as seguintes informações: o preço mínimo estabelecido pelo Governo Federal em 2005, os custos de armazenagem quinzenal, a oferta de arroz em casca em 2005, os preços de importação do arroz em casca e as Aquisições do Governo Federal (AGF). Os resultados mostram que os preços de mercado se elevam quando o governo atua através de AGF e as opções de venda servem para que os preços sigam uma trajetória compatível com o armazenamento competitivo. Estimou-se que a probabilidade dos detentores das opções exercerem suas opções é maior quando o Governo não contrata AGF, pois os preços no mercado são menores sem a intervenção do governo. Conclui-se que os dois instrumentos (AGF e opções de venda) podem ser utilizados de forma complementar, com a AGF elevando os preços de mercado no período da safra e os contratos de opção de venda garantindo que os preços sigam uma trajetória de armazenamento competitivo e reduzindo os riscos de preços futuros, já que assegura o preço de exercício da opção que é o preço futuro que deve ser estabelecido a um valor inimamente remunerador para o produtor de arroz em casca. / An economic model was developed to analyze the put option contract role to stabilize prices in the paddy market. The possibility of using Federal Government Acquisitions (AGF) to complement the option instrument was considered. The role of the options was to reduce the risks of storing the product for later sale. The model is applied to analyze the option instrument implementation in the 2004/05 season. A two week demand for rice was estimated for the Brazilian market. The results show that the market prices go up when the government acts through the AGF. The options serve the purpose of making prices follow a compatible path. It was estimated that the probability for the option owners exercise their options is greater when the AGF are not used. One can conclude that these two tools (AGF and put options) can be used in a complementary way, with the AGF raising the market prices in the harvesting period, and the put option contracts making sure that the prices follow a competitive path and reduce the risks of future prices.

Com o objetivo de analisar o papel dos contratos de opção no mercado de arroz em casca como instrumento de estabilização de preço desenvolveu-se um modelo econômico que explica a alocação das disponibilidades de produto entre os períodos de safra e entressafra, em que as compras do governo podem ser acionadas para que o preço mínimo seja assegurado. As opções teriam o papel de reduzir os riscos de adiar a venda para o período da entressafra. O modelo é aplicado para analisar a operacionalização desse instrumento na safra de 2004/2005. Para isso foi estimada a demanda quinzenal por arroz no mercado nacional. Para a análise foram usadas as seguintes informações: o preço mínimo estabelecido pelo Governo Federal em 2005, os custos de armazenagem quinzenal, a oferta de arroz em casca em 2005, os preços de importação do arroz em casca e as Aquisições do Governo Federal (AGF). Os resultados mostram que os preços de mercado se elevam quando o governo atua através de AGF e as opções de venda servem para que os preços sigam uma trajetória compatível com o armazenamento competitivo. Estimou-se que a probabilidade dos detentores das opções exercerem suas opções é maior quando o Governo não contrata AGF, pois os preços no mercado são menores sem a intervenção do governo. Conclui-se que os dois instrumentos (AGF e opções de venda) podem ser utilizados de forma complementar, com a AGF elevando os preços de mercado no período da safra e os contratos de opção de venda garantindo que os preços sigam uma trajetória de armazenamento competitivo e reduzindo os riscos de preços futuros, já que assegura o preço de exercício da opção que é o preço futuro que deve ser estabelecido a um valor inimamente remunerador para o produtor de arroz em casca. / An economic model was developed to analyze the put option contract role to stabilize prices in the paddy market. The possibility of using Federal Government Acquisitions (AGF) to complement the option instrument was considered. The role of the options was to reduce the risks of storing the product for later sale. The model is applied to analyze the option instrument implementation in the 2004/05 season. A two week demand for rice was estimated for the Brazilian market. The results show that the market prices go up when the government acts through the AGF. The options serve the purpose of making prices follow a compatible path. It was estimated that the probability for the option owners exercise their options is greater when the AGF are not used. One can conclude that these two tools (AGF and put options) can be used in a complementary way, with the AGF raising the market prices in the harvesting period, and the put option contracts making sure that the prices follow a competitive path and reduce the risks of future prices.

Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane (POSS) cages are investigated in terms of their potential to enclose small metal hydrides, with the objective of defining conditions that maximize the number of encapsulated hydrogen atoms. Systems of the form MH2n@Tm, where n = 1-3, m = 8, 10, and M comprises metal atom species of the groups IV, VI, VIII, X, and XII, are studied by methods of ab initio and density functional theory (DFT). The resulting composites are categorized with respect to their structural and energetic features. For MH2@T8, it is found in all cases considered that including MH2 into the POSS cage is an endothermic process. For MH2@T10 and M = Ti, Ru, Os, Pt, inclusion of the MH2 guest into the cage turns out to be exothermic, and also leaves the cage intact. For MH4@Tm, this behavior is only observed for one system, OsH4@T10.

Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane (POSS) cages are investigated in terms of their potential to enclose small metal hydrides, with the objective of defining conditions that maximize the number of encapsulated hydrogen atoms. Systems of the form MH2n@Tm, where n = 1-3, m = 8, 10, and M comprises metal atom species of the groups IV, VI, VIII, X, and XII, are studied by methods of ab initio and density functional theory (DFT). The resulting composites are categorized with respect to their structural and energetic features. For MH2@T8, it is found in all cases considered that including MH2 into the POSS cage is an endothermic process. For MH2@T10 and M = Ti, Ru, Os, Pt, inclusion of the MH2 guest into the cage turns out to be exothermic, and also leaves the cage intact. For MH4@Tm, this behavior is only observed for one system, OsH4@T10.