Yes / Effective strategic workforce planning for integrated and co-ordinated health and social care is essential if future services are to be resourced such that skill mix, clinical practice and productivity meet population health and social care needs in timely, safe and accessible ways globally. This review presents international literature to illustrate how strategic workforce planning in health and social care has been undertaken around the world with examples of planning frameworks, models and modelling approaches. The databases Business Source Premier, CINAHL, Embase, Health Management Information Consortium, Medline and Scopus were searched for full texts, from 2005 to 2022, detailing empirical research, models or methodologies to explain how strategic workforce planning (with at least one-year horizon) in health and/or social care has been undertaken, yielding ultimately 101 included references. The supply/demand of differentiated medical workforce was discussed in 25 references. Nursing and midwifery were characterised as undifferentiated labour, requiring urgent growth to meet demand. Unregistered workers were poorly represented as was the social care workforce. One reference considered planning for heath and social care workers. Workforce modelling was illustrated in 66 references with predilection for quantifiable projections. Increasingly needs-based approaches were called for to better consider demography and epidemiological impacts. This review’s findings advocate for whole-system needs-based approaches that consider the ecology of co-produced health and social care workforce. / Claire Sutton and Julie Prowse are seconded (from February 2022 to March 2023) to the Workforce Observatory, the University of Bradford, West Yorkshire. Their research posts at the Workforce Observatory are funded by Health Education England.

Yes / Aim This aim of this scoping review was to undertake a detailed review of the pertinent literature examining strategic workforce planning in the health and social care sectors. The scoping review was tasked to address the following three questions: 1. How is strategic health and social care workforce planning currently undertaken? 2. What models, methods, and tools are available for supporting strategic health and social care workforce planning? 3. What are the most effective methods for strategic health and social care workforce planning? Methods The scoping review utilised the five-stage scoping review framework proposed by Arksey and O’Malley (2005). This includes identifying the research question; identifying relevant studies; study selection; charting the data and collating, summarizing, and reporting the results. The search included a range of databases and key search terms included “workforce” OR “human resource*” OR “personnel” OR “staff*”. Relevant documents were selected through initially screening titles and s, followed by full text screening of potentially relevant documents. Results The search returned 6105 unique references. Based on title and screening, 654 were identified as potentially relevant. Screening of full texts resulted in 115 items of literature being included in the synthesis. Both national and international literature covers strategic workforce planning, with all continents represented, but with a preponderance from high income nations. The emphasis in the literature is mainly on the healthcare workforce, with few items on social care. Medical and dental workforces are the predominate groups covered in the literature, although nursing and midwifery are also discussed. Other health and social care workers are less represented. A variety of categories of workforce planning methods are noted in the literature that range from determining the workforce using supply and demand, practitioner to population ratios, needs based approach, the utilisation of methods such as horizon scanning, modelling, and scenario planning, together with mathematical and statistical modelling. Several of the articles and websites include specific workforce planning models that are nationally and internationally recognised, e.g., the workload indicators of staffing needs (WISN), Star model and the Six Step Methodology. These models provide a series of steps to help with workforce planning and tend to take a more strategic view of the process. Some of the literature considers patient safety and quality in relation to safe staffing numbers and patient acuity. The health and social care policies reviewed include broad actions to address workforce planning, staff shortages or future service developments and advocate a mixture of developing new roles, different ways of working, flexibility, greater integrated working and enhanced used of digital technology. However, the policies generally do not include workforce models or guidance about how to achieve these measures. Overall, there is an absence in the literature of studies that evaluate what are the most effective methods for strategic health and social care planning. Recommendations The literature suggests the need for the implementation of a strategic approach to workforce planning, utilising a needs-based approach, including horizon scanning and scenarios. This could involve adoption of a recognised workforce planning model that incorporates the strategic elements required for workforce planning and a ‘one workforce’ approach across health and social care.

Given the urgency of climate-change and the speed and scale of the structural transition to a low-carbon economy, there is a critical need for research that accelerates the diffusion of learning in the field of employment and workforce planning. While efforts to align workforce development and planning with the introduction of green policies are rapidly intensifying and maturing, there are gaps in coherence. The transition to sustainable economies involves significant shifts in employment, including application and use of skills and workplace practices. New occupations are emerging and existing occupations are being greened at a rapid rate (Globe Foundation, 2010 a; ILO, 2011, pg. 4; 2012: OECD, 2013 pg. 47). Keeping equilibrium in employment while climate-change forecasts and technological innovations are rapidly evolving is a growing challenge for workforce planning and policy. This is also a ‘rate of change’ problem, and it needs to be better understood if governments are to provide leadership, adapt more quickly, and provide continuous high levels of services to citizens while maintaining strong economies. Governments that understand this will be at the forefront of mitigation and adaptation efforts (OECD, 2012 a, b). But how should that challenge be met? This study tackles that question, seeking to clarify how workforce development and planning can be directed toward improving employment prospects and reducing employment dislocations as the planet changes around us in the face of a changing climate. The implications of the findings are outlined and recommendations are then made as to how labour policies and workforce development and planning measures can best be targeted and integrated into the larger green policy framework to improve coherence of policies, institutional and organizational capacity and data capability. / Graduate

Si dans la fonction publique l’importance accordée à la gestion du personnel s’est pendant longtemps limitée à l’application des règlements, du statut et à la gestion des effectifs, ces deux dernières décennies la Gestion des Ressources Humaines (GRH) est graduellement devenue l’une des préoccupations centrales de l’administration française. En effet, face aux évolutions démographiques (départs en retraite…), organisationnelles (décentralisation, externalisation de services, développement des intercommunalités…), stratégiques et techniques et dans un contexte international de modernisation globale de l’Etat inspirée des principes de la Nouvelle Gestion Publique (NGP), la fonction stratégique de la GRH s’est progressivement imposée. La recherche de la maîtrise de ses dépenses publiques a conduit la France à déployer une nouvelle logique de fonctionnement visant à rendre plus efficace l’action de ses agents publics et à accroître la performance globale de ses administrations. A ces fins, la mise en œuvre de démarches de Gestion Prévisionnelle des Emplois et des Compétences (GPEC) a peu à peu été perçue au sein des organisations publiques comme un "passage obligé". Dans le cadre de nos travaux de recherche, nous avons tenté de mieux appréhender les enjeux actuels de la fonction publique territoriale française, ses évolutions en termes de production du service public et d’analyser, notamment sous l’angle de la démarche GPEC menée à la Ville de Lyon, comment le contexte démographique, politique et économique au sein duquel elles évoluent a modifié la gestion des ressources humaines. Dans la mesure où elle se situe à la croisée d’un statut toujours présent et d’une GRH "moderne", issue du secteur privé, plus axée sur la dimension compétence et sur les métiers, la GPEC telle que nous avons pu l’observer au sein de la Ville de Lyon, constitue une forme « hybride » de GRH, entre tradition et renouveau, reflet de l’émergence d’une néo-bureaucratie. / In the last two decades Human Resource Management (HRM) has become one of the main concern of the French public sector. Indeed, for many years Human Resource Management was only focused on complying with the rules and headcount administration. Nowadays, due to public service evolutions, demographic challenges and organizational changes, strategic and technical evolutions, the burrowing of budgetary constraint, make Human Resources Management a strategic function. More than that in an international context of public sector modernization, based on New Public Management ideas, France wants to use a new logic in order to make the French administration more efficient. As a result the spreading of Strategic Workforce Planning is seen as an obligation in public organizations. In a context of demographic changes, resource sharing increase, decentralizations and control of public expenditures, Strategic Workforce Planning appears as an obligation to public sector executives. In the City of Lyon, we try to analyze how an administration is increasing its Human Resource Management by using Strategic Workforce Planning. Thanks to our work we want to better understand the current issues in French territorial civil service but also its evolution in terms of human resources management and production of public service. Strategic Workforce Planning in Lyon is an "hybrid" form of public HRM and private HRM : it mixes status (law and public rules) and private competencies and skills vision. This mix of practices of both private and public human resources management causes the emergence of a new model between tradition and renewal. We are facing a neo-bureaucracy oscillating between status logic and a new logic of "modern" HRM more focused on skills dimension.