Κλινικά προσδιορισμένες σχέσεις Δόσης –Απόκρισης για τη στένωση του οισοφάγου από ακτινοθεραπεία κεφαλής και τραχήλου Σκοπός Ο σκοπός αυτής της μελέτης είναι ο προσδιορισμός των παραμέτρων δόσης απόκρισης του μοντέλου σχετικής σειριακότητας αναφορικά με το κλινικό αποτέλεσμα της στένωσης του οισοφάγου μετά από ακτινοθεραπεία κεφαλής και τραχήλου. Αυτό επιτυγχάνεται με τη συσχέτιση των ξεχωριστών τρισδιάστατων κατανομών δόσης των ασθενών με τα αντίστοιχα μετακτινικά αποτελέσματα από την κλινική παρακολούθηση. Υλικά και μέθοδοι Αυτή η μελέτη είναι βασισμένη σε 72 ασθενείς που υποβλήθηκαν σε ακτινοθεραπεία για καρκίνο κεφαλής και τραχήλου στο νοσοκομείο Καρολίνσκα της Στοκχόλμη Σουηδίας. Η ανάλυση έγινε για τις περιόδους 1991-2000 και 2001-2005, λόγω των διαφορετικών τεχνικών ακτινοβόλησης που χρησιμοποιήθηκαν. Για κάθε ασθενή υπολογίσθηκαν οι τρισδιάστατες κατανομές δόσης των ανώτερων 5εκ. του οισοφάγου και ήταν διαθέσιμα τα κλινικά αποτελέσματά της θεραπείας. Για να εκτιμηθεί η εμφάνισή της προκαλούμενης από ακτινοβολία στένωσης του οισοφάγου, χρησιμοποιήθηκαν κλινικά συμπτώματά και ακτινολογικά ευρήματα. H διάγνωση της στένωσης έγινε 1-60 μήνες μετά την ακτινοθεραπεία. 33 ασθενείς ανέπτυξαν στένωση του οισοφάγου ενώ 39 ασθενείς δεν εκδήλωσαν κανένα σύμπτωμα. Τα δεδομένα χρησιμοποιήθηκαν σε μια διαδικασία προσαρμογής μέγιστης πιθανοφάνειας (maximum likelihood fitting) ώστε να υπολογιστούν οι βέλτιστες τιμές των παράμετρων που χρησιμοποιούνται από το μοντέλο σχετικής σειριακότητας. Αποτελέσματα Για την περίοδο 1991-2000, η μέση και η μέγιστη τιμή της δόσης είναι 49.9 και 61.2Gy, αντίστοιχα για την ομάδα ασθενών με στένωση, ενώ για την ομάδα έλεγχου οι αντίστοιχες τιμές είναι 46.3 και 64.8Gy. Για την περίοδο 2001-2005 αυτές οι τιμές είναι 49.8 και 61.4Gy για την ομάδα ασθενών με στένωση, ενώ για την ομάδα έλεγχου είναι 20.6 και 46.1Gy, αντίστοιχα. Για την περίοδο 2001-2005 οι βέλτιστες εκτιμήσεις των παραμέτρων δόσης απόκρισης είναι D50=62.3 Gy (52.4-87.3 Gy), γ = 1.14 (0.74-2.28) και s = 0.11 (0.01-0.33). Επίσης, βρέθηκε στατιστικά σημαντική θετική συσχέτηση των στενώσεων που προκαλούνται από την ακτινοβολία με τη βιολογικά ομοιόμορφη δόση στα 50 Gy (odds ratio (OR) = 13.0 με 95% διάστημα εμπιστοσύνης (confidence interval, CI) = 2.9-58.6). Επιπλέον, το μοντέλο σχετικής σειριακότητας φαίνεται να διαφοροποιεί καλά τις ομάδες ασθενών με και χωρίς στένωση, καθώς σύμφωνα με την ανάλυση η περιοχή κάτω από της καμπύλη ROC είναι ίση με 0.92. Συμπεράσματα Βρέθηκε ότι οι στενώσεις που προκαλούνται από ακτινοβολία έχουν ισχυρή συσχέτηση με τον όγκο (χαμηλή σχετική σειριακότητα). Σημαντικά μεγαλύτερες μέσες και μέγιστες τιμές δόσεων χαρακτηρίζουν την ομάδα των ασθενών με στένωση σε σχέση με την ομάδα των ασθενών χωρίς στένωση. Οστοσο τα δεδομένα δείχνουν οτι ισως υπάρχουν και αλλες παράμετροι εκτώς απο τη δόση που συμβάλουν στην ανάπτυξη της στένωσης του οισοφάγου μέτα την ακτινοθεραπεία κεφαλής τραχήλου. / Dose-Response Parameters of Stricture in the Proximal Esophagus from Head & Neck Radiotherapy Purpose The purpose of this work is to determine the dose-response parameters of the relative seriality model regarding the clinical endpoint of esophageal stricture after head & neck radiotherapy. This is accomplished by associating the individual 3-dimensional dose distributions of the patients with the clinical follow-up findings. Material and Methods This study is based on 72 patients who received radiation treatment for head & neck cancer at Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. The analysis was conducted for the periods 1991-2000 and 2001-2005 because of the different irradiation techniques used. For each patient the 3D dose distribution delivered to the upper 5 cm of the esophagus (proximal esophagus) and the clinical treatment outcome were available. Clinical symptoms and radiological findings were used to assess the manifestation of radiation induced esophageal strictures. Stricture was diagnosed 1–60 months after radiotherapy. 33 patients developed esophageal stricture and 39 were symptom free. These data were introduced into a maximum likelihood fitting to calculate the best estimates of the parameters used by the relative seriality model. Results For the period 1991-2000, the mean and maximum doses are 49.9 and 61.2 Gy, respectively for the group of patients with stricture, whereas they are 46.3 and 64.8 Gy, respectively for the control group. For the period 2001-2005 these values are 49.8 and 61.4 Gy, respectively for the group of patients with stricture, whereas they are 20.6 and 46.1 Gy, respectively for the control group. For the period 2001-2005 the best estimates of the dose-response parameters are D50=62.3 Gy (52.4-87.3 Gy),  = 1.14 (0.74-2.28) and s = 0.11 (0.01-0.33). A statistically significant positive association of radiation induced esophageal stricture with the biologically effective uniform dose (cutoff at 50 Gy) was found (odds ratio (OR) = 13.0 with 95% confidence interval (CI) of 2.9-58.6). Furthermore, the relative seriality model seems to differentiate well the patient groups with and without stricture since in a ROC analysis it gives the area under the ROC curve = 0.92. Conclusions Radiation induced strictures were found to have a strong volume dependence (low relative seriality). Significantly larger mean and maximum doses characterize the group of patients with stricture compared to the group of patients without stricture. However, data indicate that there may be other factors, except from dose, that contribute to the development of oesophageal stricture after the radiation therapy.

Orientadores: João Jose Fagundes, Claudio Saddy Rodrigues Coy / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T03:47:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ayrizono_MariadeLourdesSetsuko_D.pdf: 4568393 bytes, checksum: 41569c5ce061c5dcb69f8392fef8364c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Plastia intestinal é uma alternativa cirúrgica no tratamento da estenose da doença de Crohn, principalmente em doentes com ressecções intestinais prévias ou múltiplos segmentos acometidos. O objetivo do trabalho consistiu na análise retrospectiva das complicações e do seguimento dos doentes operados por esta técnica. Foram estudados 28 doentes com estenoses do intestino delgado, ileocecais ou em anastomoses ileocólicas, submetidos à plastias intestinais, no período de setembro de 1991 a maio de 2004, pelo Serviço de Coloproctologia, da Disciplina de Moléstias do Aparelho Digestivo da UNICAMP. Dezesseis doentes (57,1%) eram do sexo masculino, com média etária de 33,3 anos (16-54). Dezesseis tinham antecedente de cirurgia para doença de Crohn, sendo em 13, ressecções intestinais. Foram realizadas 116 plastias (média de 4,1/doente), sendo 94 (81%) à Heineke-Mikulicz, 15 (13%) à Finney e sete (6%) ileocoloplastias látero-Iaterais. Três doentes foram submetidos a plastias em dois procedimentos cirúrgicos e dois, em três cirurgias. Dezoito doentes (64,3%) realizaram ressecções intestinais concomitantes à plastia, sendo 15 enterectomias (53,6%), duas ileotiflectomias (7,1%) e uma enterectomia associada à ileotiflectomia (3,6%). Foram observadas 14 complicações em sete doentes (25%), e um óbito (3,6%). Ocorreram duas complicações gerais (14,3%), em dois doentes (7,1%) e oito complicações locais precoces (57,1%), em sete doentes (25%). Ocorreram três deiscências de plastias (10,7% dos doentes), mas analisando-se por plastias realizadas, este índice foi de 2,6% (3/116). Dois doentes (7,1%), apresentaram peritonite não relacionada a plastia, sendo uma por lesão inadvertida de alça de delgado e outra secundária à deiscência da anastomose ileocólica. Foram observadas ainda, duas infecções da ferida operatória (14,3%), em dois doentes (7,1%), e uma hemorragia digestiva (3,6%). Complicações locais tardias foram em número de quatro (28,6%), em dois doentes (7,1%). Ambos apresentaram associação de hérnia incisional e fístula êntero-cutânea. O tempo médio de internação foi de 12,4 dias. No seguimento médio de 58,1 meses, 17 doentes (63%), apresentaram recidiva das cólicas abdominais, após três a 48 meses das plastias e dois doentes (7,4%), evoluíram com fistulas êntero-cutâneas, após dois e 19 meses, respectivamente. Onze doentes (40,7%) foram submetidos a novas cirurgias para realização de outras plastias ou ressecções intestinais, sendo que dois deles foram reoperados duas vezes e um, três vezes. Observaram-se quatro recidivas (3,5%) em local de plastia prévia, em três doentes (11,1%). Das recidivas, três (20%), foram na plastia do tipo Finney e uma no Heineke-Mikulicz (1,1%). Atualmente, 19 doentes estão assintomáticos ou oligossintomáticos, a grande maioria com uso de medicação. Em conclusão, as plastias apresentam baixos índices de complicações, principalmente no quesito deiscência, apesar das suturas serem realizadas no intestino doente. Pode-se inferir ainda que propiciam alívio dos sintomas. Uma vez que muitos doentes com doença de Crohn necessitarão de várias cirurgias ao longo da vida, as plastias constituem uma alternativa eficaz, pois podem aliviar os sintomas obstrutivos e também evitar ressecções intestinais extensas e suas conseqüências / Abstract: Strictureplasty is an altemative surgical procedure for Crohn' s disease, particulary in patients with previous resections or many intestinal stenosis. The aim of this tudy was to analyze surgical complications and clinical follow-up in patients submitted to strictureplasty secondary to Crohn' s disease. Twenty-eight patients (57,1% male, mean age 33,3 years, range 16-54 years) with Crohn's disease and intestinal stenosis (small bowel, ileocecal region and ileocolic anastomosis) were submitted to strictureplasty,at one institution,betweenseptember1991and may2004. Sixteeenpatients had previous surgical procedures for Crohn's disease and 13 with intestinal resections. The mean follow-up was 58,1 months. A total of 116 strictureplasties were done (94 Heineke-Mikulicz - 81%, 15 Finney - 13%, seven side-to-side ileocolic strictureplasty - 6%). Three patients were submitted to strictureplasty at two different surgical procedures and two in three procedures. Regarding to strictureplasty, postoperative complication rate was 57,1%, with three suture leaks (10,7%) and late was present in two patients, both with incisional hemial and enterocutaneous fistulas (28,6%). Patients remainded hospitalized during a medium time of 12,4 days. Clinical and surgical recurrence rates were 63~ and 41%, respectively. Among the patients submitted to another surgery, two patients had two more operations and one had three. Recurrence rate at strictureplasty site was observed in 3,5%, being Finney techinique the commonest one. Presently, 19 patients had been asymptomatic with the majority of them under medical therapy. In conclusion, strictureplasties have low complicating rates, in spite of having been done at compromised site, with long term pain relief. Considering the clinical course of Crohn' s disease, with many patients being submitted to intestinal resections, strictureplasties should be considered as an effective surgical treatment to spare long intestinal resections / Doutorado / Cirurgia / Doutor em Cirurgia

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第18131号 / 医博第3851号 / 新制||医||1001(附属図書館) / 30989 / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 千葉 勉, 教授 坂井 義治, 教授 羽賀 博典 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(医学) / 乙第13140号 / 論医博第2140号 / 新制||医||1026(附属図書館) / (主査)教授 小西 靖彦, 教授 羽賀 博典, 教授 万代 昌紀 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

No description available.

Introduction: Treatment methods of anterior urethral strictures in adults have undergone considerable changes in the recent past. Our goal was to determine national practice patterns among German urologists and to compare results with the results of prior international surveys. Methods: We conducted a survey on the management of urethral strictures among German urologists. Results: Eight hundred forty-five urologists, representing about 14.6% of German urologists, answered the survey. Most common procedures were direct vision internal urethrotomy (DVIU; 87.2%), blind internal urethrotomy (57.5%), dilatation (56.3%), ventral buccal mucosa graft urethroplasty (31.6%) and excision and primary anastomosis (28.9%). In case of a 3.5-cm bulbar stricture and in the case of a 1-cm bulbar stricture after 2 failed DVIUs, a consecutive urethroplasty was significantly more often favoured compared to transurethral treatment options (44.9 vs. 21.3% and 59.4 vs. 8.3%, both p < 0.001). Conclusion: Open urethral reconstruction reveals to be a more common method in practice nowadays. Adherence to recommended treatment algorithms improved in comparison to prior surveys.

BPH¡]Benign prostate hyperplasia¡^is one of the most common chronic diseases in aging male around the globe. TURP¡]Transurethral Resection of Prostate¡^remains the gold standard procedure of choice in BPH treatment. But limited literatures regarding the late complication of TURP was available. For understanding the long term follow up result after TURP, and predict the risk factors for re-intervention, we accessed the hospital claims for TURP from the National Health Insurance database, utilizing data from 2001 to 2007 , in 2001, 2002, 2003 TURP cases, we followed each cohort for 5 years to evaluate the late complications. We also examined the association between the characteristics of patient, hospital and the long term prognosis. In this study we found that from 2001to 2003, totally 1,225 patients under went TURP surgery, with the average age 71.52 ¡Ó 7.65 years (47-94 years). Among these cases, 140 patients (11.43%) experienced secondary surgery. Of the 140 secondary surgery patients, 71 received a secondary TURP, 35 received urethral stricture related surgery and 34 received bladder neck contracture related surgery. The study revealed both the characteristics of the patient and the hospital did not show significantly effect to the long term prognosis. In prediction the risk factors of the secondary surgery, the logistic regression analysis revealed those hospitals located at the central part of Taiwan compared to those at northern part of Taiwan showed a relative risk of 0.58, a significant trend of lower risk for secondary surgery. Otherwise, except this geographic location difference, other characteristics of the patient and the hospital show no significantly risk to the post-TURP second surgery. Conclusion of our study, the result of TURP surgery in Taiwan was fairly equal to that in advanced countries. Patient comorbidity, treated in different level, ownership hospitals resulted no significant difference in post-TURP prognosis.

Key words: adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and esophagogastric junction, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, PET/CT, histopathological response, technique of esophagogastric anastomosis, anastomotic leak, anastomotic stricture Previous studies have shown that preoperative chemotherapy of locally advanced AEG is beneficial only for patients with a good histopathological response, the so-called responders. The aim of the first part of the thesis was to prospectively verify whether positron emission tomography (PET/CT) could be used for early identification of histopathological non- responders, who could be spared ineffective neoadjuvant treatment. Our study did not prove that the early metabolic response, expressed as the percentage change of the consumption of glucosis on PET/CT performed before (PET1) and 12 to 22 days after the start of the first cycle of preoperative chemotherapy (PET2) correlated with the histopathological response in the resection specimen in the entire population of 90 patients. In a post hoc explorative analysis we found the correlation between metabolic and histopathological response in a subgroup of patients with PET2 performed ≤16 days after the start of the therapy, but this hypothesis needs to be prospectively validated. Our study suggests that PET/CT performed after the first...