Text in Afrikaans / Summaries in English and Afrikaans / Die Grondwet van die Republiek van Suid-Afrika en die Wet op Arbeidsverhoudinge verleen aan werknemers die reg om te staak. Die reg is egter nie onbeperk nie. Op grond van die voldoening aan wetlike vereistes, word stakings as beskermd of onbeskermd geklassifiseer. Beskermde stakers kan ontslaan word weens wangedrag tydens die staking of op grond van die bedryfsvereistes van die werkgewer. Die werkgewer se bedryfsvereistes sal ontslag regverdig indien sy /haar vlak van toleransie bereik is. Dit sal die geval wees indien die werkgewer se besigheid met ondergang gedreig word of onherroeplike skade gaan ly, sou die staking voortduur. Aile relevante faktore moet egter in ag geneem word. Daar is nie tans 'n vasgestelde toets in die verband nie en daar word ook aan die hand gedoen dat billikheid, met inagneming van al die relevante faktore en omstandighede, die belangrikste oorweging moet wees. 'n Vasgestelde toets vir die bepaling van die werkgewer se vlak van toleransie, word afgekeur. / The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa and the Labour Relations Act give employees the right to strike. This right is, however, not unlimited. By reason of the satisfaction of statutory requirements, strikes are classified as protected or unprotected. Protected strikers may be dismissed for misconduct during the strike or by reason of the operational requirements of the employer. The employer's operational requirements will justify dismissal when his/her level of tolerance is reached. This will be the case when the employer's business is on the brink of extinction or about to suffer irreparable harm. All the relevant facts must however be taken into account. Currently there is no definite test in this regard and it is proposed that fairness, taking into account all the relevant facts and circumstances, be the overriding consideration. A specific test for the determination of the employer's level of tolerance must be rejected. / Economics and Management Sciences / LL.M.

Text in Afrikaans / Summaries in English and Afrikaans / The statutory definition of the lock-out encompasses certain acts (inter alia termination of contracts of employment) which must be executed by the employer with a certain purpose. The Appellate Division has recently found that the employment relationship not necessarily terminates similarly to the common law contract of employment, but may subsist after termination of the contract of employment. The industrial court does not easily accept that it has been deprived of its unfair labour practice jurisdiction where terminations of employment take place in consequence of a lock-out. The motive of the employer seems to be decisive. In line with both the trend in first world countries and principles established by the courts in South Africa, the Constitution and especially recent labour legislation significantly curtail the bargaining power of the employer because it is progressively being believed that the employer has sufficient economic power to his disposal. / Die omskrywing van die uitsluiting in wetgewing omvat sekere handelinge {onder andere beeindiging van dienskontrakte) wat deur die werkgewer met 'n sekere doel verrig moet word. Die Appelhof het onlangs beslis dat die diensverhouding na beeindiging van die dienskontrak kan bly voortduur en nie noodwendig soos die gemeenregtelike dienskontrak ten einde loop nie. Die nywerheidshof aanvaar ook nie geredelik dat hy in geval van diensbeeindiging wat volg op 'n uitsluiting van sy onbillike arbeidspraktyk jurisdiksie ontneem is nie. Die motief van die werkgewer blyk hier deurslaggewend te wees. In lyn met sowel die ne1g1ng in eerstew~reldse lande, asook beginsels reeds deur die howe in Suid-Afrika gevestig, word die bedingingsmag van die werkgewer ingevolge die Grondwet en veral onlangse arbeidswetgewing betekenisvol ingekort omrede toenemend aanvaar word dat die werkgewer oor voldoende ekonomiese mag beskik. / Law / LL.M.

The healthcare strike action that rocked South Africa in 2007 and 2010 highlighted the trend of professional nurses towards exercising their rights as employees to embark on strike actions, often also in solidarity with other categories of employees. This study aimed to highlight the problem brought about by the lack of proactive strategies to maintain a balance between human and professional rights and responsibilities of nurses within the legal framework of South Africa. The theoretical grounding of the study included both organisational change models and transformational leadership models. A descriptive and analytic design was followed, using both qualitative and quantitative non-probability sampling approaches to meet the research objectives of determining factors for nurses‘ involvement in strikes and their impact. Eighty professional nurses were included as the total sample of the study with 53 that did not participate in strike action and 27 that participated in strike action. A sample of eleven nurse managers was also included in the study to determine their views on strikes by nurses and their understanding of the changing work environment. To determine the overall impact of the nurses‘ strike, 40 healthcare consumers were included. The sample was selected from four provinces: Eastern Cape, KwaZulu-Natal; Western Cape and Gauteng. The study was limited to professional nurses, nurse managers within the public-health sector and healthcare consumers using public-health facilities. The findings and the relevant literature referred to in this study indicate that though there are different reasons for strike action in the public-health sector by area or by country, remuneration is undoubtedly the most mentioned reason. Important to note is that salary per se is not the most critical actor but it is a tangible measure of the value that the employer places on people. In the absence of other incentives in the nursing environment, it becomes the focal point. However, addressing salary issues alone will not prevent strike action in the public-health sector / Health Studies / D. Litt. et Phil. (Health Studies)

The healthcare strike action that rocked South Africa in 2007 and 2010 highlighted the trend of professional nurses towards exercising their rights as employees to embark on strike actions, often also in solidarity with other categories of employees. This study aimed to highlight the problem brought about by the lack of proactive strategies to maintain a balance between human and professional rights and responsibilities of nurses within the legal framework of South Africa. The theoretical grounding of the study included both organisational change models and transformational leadership models. A descriptive and analytic design was followed, using both qualitative and quantitative non-probability sampling approaches to meet the research objectives of determining factors for nurses‘ involvement in strikes and their impact. Eighty professional nurses were included as the total sample of the study with 53 that did not participate in strike action and 27 that participated in strike action. A sample of eleven nurse managers was also included in the study to determine their views on strikes by nurses and their understanding of the changing work environment. To determine the overall impact of the nurses‘ strike, 40 healthcare consumers were included. The sample was selected from four provinces: Eastern Cape, KwaZulu-Natal; Western Cape and Gauteng. The study was limited to professional nurses, nurse managers within the public-health sector and healthcare consumers using public-health facilities. The findings and the relevant literature referred to in this study indicate that though there are different reasons for strike action in the public-health sector by area or by country, remuneration is undoubtedly the most mentioned reason. Important to note is that salary per se is not the most critical actor but it is a tangible measure of the value that the employer places on people. In the absence of other incentives in the nursing environment, it becomes the focal point. However, addressing salary issues alone will not prevent strike action in the public-health sector / Health Studies / D. Litt. et Phil. (Health Studies)

Text in Afrikaans / Summaries in English and Afrikaans / Die Grondwet van die Republiek van Suid-Afrika en die Wet op Arbeidsverhoudinge verleen aan werknemers die reg om te staak. Die reg is egter nie onbeperk nie. Op grond van die voldoening aan wetlike vereistes, word stakings as beskermd of onbeskermd geklassifiseer. Beskermde stakers kan ontslaan word weens wangedrag tydens die staking of op grond van die bedryfsvereistes van die werkgewer. Die werkgewer se bedryfsvereistes sal ontslag regverdig indien sy /haar vlak van toleransie bereik is. Dit sal die geval wees indien die werkgewer se besigheid met ondergang gedreig word of onherroeplike skade gaan ly, sou die staking voortduur. Aile relevante faktore moet egter in ag geneem word. Daar is nie tans 'n vasgestelde toets in die verband nie en daar word ook aan die hand gedoen dat billikheid, met inagneming van al die relevante faktore en omstandighede, die belangrikste oorweging moet wees. 'n Vasgestelde toets vir die bepaling van die werkgewer se vlak van toleransie, word afgekeur. / The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa and the Labour Relations Act give employees the right to strike. This right is, however, not unlimited. By reason of the satisfaction of statutory requirements, strikes are classified as protected or unprotected. Protected strikers may be dismissed for misconduct during the strike or by reason of the operational requirements of the employer. The employer's operational requirements will justify dismissal when his/her level of tolerance is reached. This will be the case when the employer's business is on the brink of extinction or about to suffer irreparable harm. All the relevant facts must however be taken into account. Currently there is no definite test in this regard and it is proposed that fairness, taking into account all the relevant facts and circumstances, be the overriding consideration. A specific test for the determination of the employer's level of tolerance must be rejected. / Economics and Management Sciences / LL.M.

Text in Afrikaans / Summaries in English and Afrikaans / The statutory definition of the lock-out encompasses certain acts (inter alia termination of contracts of employment) which must be executed by the employer with a certain purpose. The Appellate Division has recently found that the employment relationship not necessarily terminates similarly to the common law contract of employment, but may subsist after termination of the contract of employment. The industrial court does not easily accept that it has been deprived of its unfair labour practice jurisdiction where terminations of employment take place in consequence of a lock-out. The motive of the employer seems to be decisive. In line with both the trend in first world countries and principles established by the courts in South Africa, the Constitution and especially recent labour legislation significantly curtail the bargaining power of the employer because it is progressively being believed that the employer has sufficient economic power to his disposal. / Die omskrywing van die uitsluiting in wetgewing omvat sekere handelinge {onder andere beeindiging van dienskontrakte) wat deur die werkgewer met 'n sekere doel verrig moet word. Die Appelhof het onlangs beslis dat die diensverhouding na beeindiging van die dienskontrak kan bly voortduur en nie noodwendig soos die gemeenregtelike dienskontrak ten einde loop nie. Die nywerheidshof aanvaar ook nie geredelik dat hy in geval van diensbeeindiging wat volg op 'n uitsluiting van sy onbillike arbeidspraktyk jurisdiksie ontneem is nie. Die motief van die werkgewer blyk hier deurslaggewend te wees. In lyn met sowel die ne1g1ng in eerstew~reldse lande, asook beginsels reeds deur die howe in Suid-Afrika gevestig, word die bedingingsmag van die werkgewer ingevolge die Grondwet en veral onlangse arbeidswetgewing betekenisvol ingekort omrede toenemend aanvaar word dat die werkgewer oor voldoende ekonomiese mag beskik. / Law / LL.M.

A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo principal compreender como a identidade do professor é discursivizada em comentários online produzidos no perfil institucional da APP-Sindicato PR na rede social Facebook durante o período da Greve dos Professores, ocorrida no primeiro semestre de 2015. Como a identidade docente tem sido constantemente questionada, contestada, depreciada e reformulada tanto por discursos depreciativos quanto por políticas públicas, que precarizam a carreira docente, faz-se relevante o desenvolvimento de estudos acerca dos discursos que emergem em período de crise para compreender as novas maneiras de “olhar” o professor. Para isso, compõem a base teórico-metodológica dessa dissertação estudos a respeito da identidade (HALL, 2006; GEE, 2000) e da identidade docente (FREIRE, 1967; NÓVOA, 1991, 2009; KLEIMAN, 2006; TARDIF, 2012; GERALDI, 2010); pesquisas relacionadas a ambientes online de interação e sites de redes sociais (RECUERO, 2009, 2014; BARTON e LEE, 2015) e conceitos fundantes como: discurso, enunciado, alteridade e dialogismo, ancorados nos estudos do Círculo de Bakhtin (BAKHTIN, 1997[1979], 2006[1929],2015 [1929], 1987[1965], 2015[1975] 2010 [1986]; VOLOCHÍNOV, 2013[1926], 2013[1930]). Os dados gerados para a análise constituem-se de enunciados produzidos no primeiro semestre de 2015, período em que a greve dos professores e funcionários públicos da educação pública do estado do Paraná estava acontecendo. Esse evento propiciou um ambiente de arena discursiva, em que o confronto de vozes e ideologias gerou, nos espaços midiáticos, uma grande produção de enunciados que tematizavam a identidade docente. Assim, compõem o conjunto de dados gerados para este trabalho um total de 180 enunciados do gênero comentário online, selecionados do perfil oficial do Facebook da APP-Sindicato, instituição sindical que organizou e promoveu o movimento de greve. Dentre as regularidades discursivas acerca da identidade docente, destacaram-se discursos depreciativos, a saber: a identidade do professor “mal formado”; o professor “massa de manobra” da esquerda política; a docência como um dom; a (in)competência da escola pública. Além das diferentes formas de discursivizar a identidade do professor, foi possível observar que, nos espaços de escritas online, os sujeitos tendem a utilizar um tom mais agressivo ao produzir e reenunciar discursos depreciativos acerca da identidade docente, ignorando a responsabilidade do ser e agir. Em outros termos, produzem um discurso que não leva em conta o não álibi do ser. Por fim, além dos comentários que depreciam a docência e a educação pública de modo geral, foram salientes enunciados que apontam para a discursividade de uma nova identidade docente, a do professor que luta pelos seus direitos e ensina o agir democrático por meio de atos de cidadania. / The present research aims to comprehend how teacher's identity is represented by discursive interactions in online comments produced in the APP-Sindicato's Facebook profile, in the period of Teachers Strike that occurred in the first semester of 2015. With the teacher's identity being constantly questioned, contested, depreciated and reformulated both by depreciative discourses and public policies that weakens the teacher's career, it becomes important to study the discourses that emerges within this crises period to comprehend the new ways to "look" the teacher's identity. For this porpouse, the theoretical and methodological approach is composed by studies about identity (HALL, 2006; GEE, 2000) and teacher's identity (FREIRE, 1967; NÓVOA, 1991, 2009; KLEIMAN, 2006; TARDIF, 2012; GERALDI, 2010); researches about online interaction environments and social networks websites (RECUERO, 2009, 2014; BARTON e LEE, 2015) and founding concepts as: discourse, alterity, dialogism and enunciation as seen in the Bakhtin's Circle studies (BAKHTIN, 1997[1979], 2006[1929],2015 [1929], 1987[1965], 2015[1975] 2010 [1986]; VOLOCHÍNOV, 2013[1926], 2013[1930]). The research data were produced at the first semester of 2015, period when the Teachers Strike of State of Paraná took place, which provides a discoursive arena where the voices and ideologies confrontation are produced, in the media spaces, a large amount of enunciations that approaches the teacher's identity as the main theme. Thereby, this research data set are composed by an amount of 180 online comments, selected from the APP-Sindicato Facebook profile, syndical institution which organized the strike movement. Within the discursive regularities observed in the comments, we highlighted: the "poorly academic educated" teacher; the teacher as a "maneuver mass" for the left-wing political parties; the teaching as a "gift"; the (in)competence of public school. Besides the different ways of represent teacher's identity in discourse, it was possible to observe that in the online interaction environments, the subjects tend to use an aggressive tone when produces and reenounce depreciative discourses about teacher's identity, ignoring their responsability of being and acting, in other terms, producing discourses that does not consider the non-alibi of being. Lastly, besides the comments that depreciate the teaching and the public school in general, we highlighted comments pointing to a new discourse about the teachers identity, the identity of a teacher who fights for its rights and teaches the democratic acting through their acts.

A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo principal compreender como a identidade do professor é discursivizada em comentários online produzidos no perfil institucional da APP-Sindicato PR na rede social Facebook durante o período da Greve dos Professores, ocorrida no primeiro semestre de 2015. Como a identidade docente tem sido constantemente questionada, contestada, depreciada e reformulada tanto por discursos depreciativos quanto por políticas públicas, que precarizam a carreira docente, faz-se relevante o desenvolvimento de estudos acerca dos discursos que emergem em período de crise para compreender as novas maneiras de “olhar” o professor. Para isso, compõem a base teórico-metodológica dessa dissertação estudos a respeito da identidade (HALL, 2006; GEE, 2000) e da identidade docente (FREIRE, 1967; NÓVOA, 1991, 2009; KLEIMAN, 2006; TARDIF, 2012; GERALDI, 2010); pesquisas relacionadas a ambientes online de interação e sites de redes sociais (RECUERO, 2009, 2014; BARTON e LEE, 2015) e conceitos fundantes como: discurso, enunciado, alteridade e dialogismo, ancorados nos estudos do Círculo de Bakhtin (BAKHTIN, 1997[1979], 2006[1929],2015 [1929], 1987[1965], 2015[1975] 2010 [1986]; VOLOCHÍNOV, 2013[1926], 2013[1930]). Os dados gerados para a análise constituem-se de enunciados produzidos no primeiro semestre de 2015, período em que a greve dos professores e funcionários públicos da educação pública do estado do Paraná estava acontecendo. Esse evento propiciou um ambiente de arena discursiva, em que o confronto de vozes e ideologias gerou, nos espaços midiáticos, uma grande produção de enunciados que tematizavam a identidade docente. Assim, compõem o conjunto de dados gerados para este trabalho um total de 180 enunciados do gênero comentário online, selecionados do perfil oficial do Facebook da APP-Sindicato, instituição sindical que organizou e promoveu o movimento de greve. Dentre as regularidades discursivas acerca da identidade docente, destacaram-se discursos depreciativos, a saber: a identidade do professor “mal formado”; o professor “massa de manobra” da esquerda política; a docência como um dom; a (in)competência da escola pública. Além das diferentes formas de discursivizar a identidade do professor, foi possível observar que, nos espaços de escritas online, os sujeitos tendem a utilizar um tom mais agressivo ao produzir e reenunciar discursos depreciativos acerca da identidade docente, ignorando a responsabilidade do ser e agir. Em outros termos, produzem um discurso que não leva em conta o não álibi do ser. Por fim, além dos comentários que depreciam a docência e a educação pública de modo geral, foram salientes enunciados que apontam para a discursividade de uma nova identidade docente, a do professor que luta pelos seus direitos e ensina o agir democrático por meio de atos de cidadania. / The present research aims to comprehend how teacher's identity is represented by discursive interactions in online comments produced in the APP-Sindicato's Facebook profile, in the period of Teachers Strike that occurred in the first semester of 2015. With the teacher's identity being constantly questioned, contested, depreciated and reformulated both by depreciative discourses and public policies that weakens the teacher's career, it becomes important to study the discourses that emerges within this crises period to comprehend the new ways to "look" the teacher's identity. For this porpouse, the theoretical and methodological approach is composed by studies about identity (HALL, 2006; GEE, 2000) and teacher's identity (FREIRE, 1967; NÓVOA, 1991, 2009; KLEIMAN, 2006; TARDIF, 2012; GERALDI, 2010); researches about online interaction environments and social networks websites (RECUERO, 2009, 2014; BARTON e LEE, 2015) and founding concepts as: discourse, alterity, dialogism and enunciation as seen in the Bakhtin's Circle studies (BAKHTIN, 1997[1979], 2006[1929],2015 [1929], 1987[1965], 2015[1975] 2010 [1986]; VOLOCHÍNOV, 2013[1926], 2013[1930]). The research data were produced at the first semester of 2015, period when the Teachers Strike of State of Paraná took place, which provides a discoursive arena where the voices and ideologies confrontation are produced, in the media spaces, a large amount of enunciations that approaches the teacher's identity as the main theme. Thereby, this research data set are composed by an amount of 180 online comments, selected from the APP-Sindicato Facebook profile, syndical institution which organized the strike movement. Within the discursive regularities observed in the comments, we highlighted: the "poorly academic educated" teacher; the teacher as a "maneuver mass" for the left-wing political parties; the teaching as a "gift"; the (in)competence of public school. Besides the different ways of represent teacher's identity in discourse, it was possible to observe that in the online interaction environments, the subjects tend to use an aggressive tone when produces and reenounce depreciative discourses about teacher's identity, ignoring their responsability of being and acting, in other terms, producing discourses that does not consider the non-alibi of being. Lastly, besides the comments that depreciate the teaching and the public school in general, we highlighted comments pointing to a new discourse about the teachers identity, the identity of a teacher who fights for its rights and teaches the democratic acting through their acts.

M.Com. (Leadership in Performance and Change) / In August 2012 the South African mining industry was the focus of attention due to an illegal strike at Lonmin Platinum mine that resulted in the police shooting striking employees on 16 August 2012. Thirty-four employees lost their lives on that day. An additional ten people died in violent protests in the build-up to the main shooting incident. This strike period has become widely known as ‘Marikana’. This historical incident illustrates how a single incident within an organisation can have an impact at various levels and affect multiple stakeholders. The main objective of this study was to identify the effect that the Marikana mining incident had on Lonmin (the organisation) and its main stakeholders as well as to identify the effect the stakeholders and Lonmin had on each other. In order to reach these objectives an historical timeline of the sequence of events surrounding the Marikana incident was constructed. The main stakeholders involved in the Marikana incident were then identified, and the relationships and the relative strengths between these stakeholders were mapped. The methodology used in the study was Quantitative Narrative Analysis (QNA) as applied by Franzosi (2010). In particular, the content from English newspaper articles sourced from South Africa and England relating to the Marikana mining incident for the period 1 to 24 August 2012 were reviewed, coded and analysed. All relevant data from the articles were recorded in a manual database, coded according to the semantic triplet of ‘actors’, ‘actions’ and ‘subjects’ (S-V-O) (Franzosi, 1989) and analysed based on QNA principles (Franzosi, 2010). First, a sequence analysis was conducted, identifying the roles (consequences) that the respective actors (stakeholders and subgroupings of stakeholders) enacted as well as the order in which they unfolded. The analysis was used to produce a series of network graphs to visually depict the sequence of events and the respective effects of the sequencing of these events. These graphs take the form of stake maps and visually tell the story of how events unfolded and the effects of these events on all the actors involved ...

The scope of this work has been limited to a discussion of employer-employee relationships in the field of metal mining and does not include consideration of labour problems in connection with the production of coal, non-metallic ores, or structural materials. The Introductory part deals with the early history of gold, mining and the subsequent discovery and development of the base-metal resources of the province. In this connection, a study is made of the geographical distribution and extent of these natural resources. A series of charts indicate* the locations of the major producing areas within British Columbia. The expansion of the industry through the years is now considered and developments are traced leading to the present scale of operations. Comparative graphs are presented indicating production scales, average price movements and employment statistics with regard to each of the major metals produced in the province. Attention is now directed to the development of trade unionism in the industry. This deals with the early history of the Western Federation of Miners and the later growth of the International Union of Mine, Mill and Smelter Workers, which now represents organized labour in the metal mines. The role of government in labour relations is shown to be an important factor. A study is made of the effects of such legislative enactments, as, the Industrial Disputes investigation Act, the Wartime. Labour Relations Regulations Act (P.O.1003), and the Industrial Conciliation and Arbitration Act of British Columbia. Under the provisions of the last-mentioned act, which provides definite procedures for collective bargaining, some eighteen agreements are now in effect. Two of these actual agreements between the union and major producers have been made the subject for special study in the presentation of this phase of the subject. The strike record of the industry is now dealt with and the account of events leading up to the strike of 1946 among the gold producers is presented as being illustrative of the procedures followed. The present impasse of 1948 involving the same producers is shown to be an aftermath of the 1946 dispute. The discussion is concluded with an appraisal of present working conditions obtaining in the industry and current trends and indications are considered which would appear to have a bearing on future employer-employee relationships and the general welfare of the labour force, in the metal-mining industry. / Arts, Faculty of / Vancouver School of Economics / Graduate