Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:09:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 parte1.pdf: 1695500 bytes, checksum: b77d39955ddb7d3ec8312b3123029622 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-06-04 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Gypsum is one of the oldest building materials which are known. By virtue of being a ligand less environment aggressive than Portland cement, its use should be encouraged and its new applications studied. This work aims at technological innovation for the greater application of gypsum in construction industry, including development of a structural horizontal gypsum reinforced by bamboo. The first phase of the work deals with the properties of materials used. Then, we described the existing limitations on the use of gypsum in construction, such as strength and durability. The resistance was improved by reducing the amount of mixing water. Treatments were developed to reduce susceptibility of gypsum in relation to water. Then, an analysis was performed on the characteristics of bamboo, developing treatments to reduce water absorption and increase their adherence to the folder of plaster. After the study of plaster and bamboo as isolated elements it was evaluated the behavior of the composite gypsum / bamboo. Finally, the element has been tested in the laboratory and used in a prototype built on campus. These results indicate that resistance of the gypsum can be increased with simple technologies, such as the reduction of mixing water and densification by vibration. As for durability, minimizing the absorption of water, and surface treatments such as immersion in creosote and painting with castor beans developed resin proved effective. The plaster/bamboo adherence could be improved through parallel treatments aiming the reduction of water absorption and the increase of the roughness of bamboo sticks surface. The developed elements are behaving properly in the prototype were applied. / O gesso é um dos materiais de construção mais antigos que se tem conhecimento. Em virtude de ser um ligante menos agressivo ao ambiente que o cimento Portland, seu uso deve ser incentivado e suas novas aplicações estudadas. Este trabalho tem como objetivo a inovação tecnológica para a maior aplicação do gesso na construção civil, inclusive com o desenvolvimento de um elemento estrutural horizontal de gesso reforçado por bambu. A primeira fase do trabalho aborda as propriedades dos materiais utilizados. Em seguida, foram descritas as limitações existentes na utilização do gesso na construção, tais como a resistência e a durabilidade. A resistência foi melhorada com a redução na quantidade de água de amassamento. Foram desenvolvidos tratamentos para diminuir a susceptibilidade do gesso em relação à água. Em seguida, foi realizada uma análise nas características do bambu, desenvolvendo-se tratamentos para redução de absorção de água e aumento de sua aderência à pasta de gesso. Após o estudo do gesso e do bambu como elementos isolados foi avaliado o comportamento do compósito gesso/bambu. Por fim, o elemento desenvolvido foi testado em laboratório e utilizado em um protótipo construído no campus universitário. Os resultados deste trabalho indicaram que a resistência do gesso pode ser elevada com tecnologias simples, tais como a redução de água de amassamento e o adensamento por vibração. Quanto à durabilidade, a minimização na absorção de água, e tratamentos superficiais como a imersão em creosoto e pintura com resina de mamona desenvolvidos mostraram-se eficazes. A aderência gesso/bambu pôde ser melhorada por meio de tratamentos paralelos buscando a redução de absorção de água e o aumento da rugosidade da sua superfície das varas de bambu. Os elementos desenvolvidos estão se comportando adequadamente no protótipo onde foram aplicados.

A reliable transportation network is key to economic development and social well-being of communities. Since 19th century, rail transport has provided the most efficient link between South African’s wealthy mineral heartland and the seaports. In developing this rail network, a considerable number of railway tunnels were built due to the topography of the coastal regions. These tunnels are ageing, their operational and environmental conditions are constantly changing. Thus, their management practice should be optimised to adequately respond to the needs of the organisations managing them and for them to continue providing a safe and sustainable service. Therefore, this study reviewed the current railway tunnels management practice in South Africa and proposed an approach to improve it, considering the existing structures management systems. Further, it focuses on the concrete structural elements and their related defects due to the harsh environments of these tunnels. Therefore, the Procedures to enhance tunnels management applied consisted in outlining the gaps uncovered in the current railway tunnels management practice in South Africa and enhance this practice considering the structures management systems reviewed. This is done by improving the components of each module and integrating them in the proposed railway tunnels management system in South Africa. First, it dealt with the inventory module, designed inventory forms for items and for concrete structural elements and their components to record, inspect and monitor. Second, it designed a Tunnel Inspection Programme that set the inspection intervals, the requirements for the inspection team members, the tools and techniques and procedures to apply. This programme specified also the method of evaluating the defects and the definition of the score and the relative score of the components of elements and the health of the tunnel. Third, it developed a Tunnel Monitoring System that targeted the most critical and vulnerable elements and set the techniques and tools to monitor them. Finally, it integrated all the modules in the system designed. As results, this research has proposed a computerised tunnel management system that enhances the current practice in South Africa. This arises from the scrutinised practice in light of the existing structures management systems reviewed. From the analysis of the existing inventory data on railway tunnels and on the heavy haul lines in South Africa, relevant information was obtained. Thus, an inventory module has been developed comprising tunnel inventory forms that classify the items to be recorded and inspected. This module also described the concrete structural elements and their specific components. A Tunnel Inspection Programme has been designed, specifying the frequency of inspections based on the condition of tunnels, their ages, and the unpredictability and the harshness of their environments. This programme has also promoted the relevant techniques to be applied to inspect concrete structural elements and the appropriate tools to be used. Additionally, the requirements for inspection team concerning the qualifications and experience of each member have been provided. This programme has also recommended the use of the current DER rating system, emphasising that the scope of this study refers to concrete structural elements that should all be rated and recorded. Additionally, it has designed a Tunnel Monitoring System specific to the most critical and vulnerable concrete structural elements of railway tunnels. This system includes a set of tunnel monitoring strategies, the setting up of the system and the sensory system. It finally integrated all these sub-systems into the main Railway Tunnel Management System in South Africa. In conclusion, this research proposes the integrated computerised railway tunnel management system for South Africa. It also set the “big picture” of the overall tunnel structures and the tunnels on the heavy haul lines currently managed by Transnet TFR in South Africa. Additionally, it sustains the current DER rating system and proposes its application to all the defects on the concrete structural elements, instead of the worst defect on the inspected element. As recommendations, the railway tunnels authority should adopt a monitoring system for each tunnel on the heavy haul lines. Also, the authority should make available information on all existing monitoring systems on railway tunnels and the most critical data collected. Moreover, the authority should make available the previous railway tunnels inspection files to be uploaded to the proposed system. Apart from this, we recommend a further comprehensive study to integrate the inspection of non-structural elements to the proposed system. Finally, we recommend to the management authority to organise a comprehensive study of the water leakage issues on railway tunnels to better understand and adequately respond to them.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第21066号 / 工博第4430号 / 新制||工||1688(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科建築学専攻 / (主査)教授 西山 峰広, 教授 原田 和典, 教授 河野 広隆 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

Klangfarbenmelodien is a term first mentioned by Schoenberg in his Harmonielehre (1911) in a discussion suggesting the idea of tone colors as a structural element equal to other musical components such as harmony, rhythm, pitch, and dynamics. The intent of this study is to investigate significant influences that led to Webern's adoption and application of Klangrfarben techniques in the Symphony, op. 21, first movement. Webern's expression of Klangfarbenmelodien was his method of dispersing melodic lines and the manipulation of a wide gamut of varying tone colors. A brief biography is included in the paper and Webern's professional career as a conductor is viewed and considered as to its affect on the creation of the Symphony with emphasis on his relationship with Schoenberg and the Society for Private Musical Performance. The genesis of the Symphony and its early performance history is examined, as well as the structure of op. 21 with specific examples of Klangrfarbenmelodien. These techniques include the presentation of melodic lines in terms of octave register, timbre, dynamics, articulation, durations, rhythm, and instrumentation.

SLOVENE NATIONAL THEATRE IN LJUBLJANA Author Report Of The Diploma Work Author: Bc. Petr Hýl Supervisor: doc. ing. arch. Zdeněk Makovský