Observing the deficiencies of traditional methods in meeting the demands of today&rsquo / s infrastructure development has been motivating countries towards privatization of these sectors. However, due to the differences in these sectors as compared to other businesses, privatization can not be performed without strict regulations. Today, concession agreements like BOT models seem the best way for solving the problems. Financing of concession agreements plays a key role. In Turkey, most BOT projects are financed by capital structure that has a maximum debt ratio, which is allowed by the law. The objective of this study is to examine whether the maximum amount of debt ratio is the optimum amount of debt ratio. Optimization is carried out by analyzing the trade off between benefits of tax shield and the loss due to financial failure as a result of change in leverage, assuming other things are the same. A theoretical framework is developed for the analysis by selecting Adjusted Present Value Method as a financial tool. Energy generation sector in Turkey is analyzed, stock market data in Turkey is used for the analysis, and a bankruptcy prediction model is proposed for BOT projects in Turkey. Finally, by using the theoretical framework, an actual BOT model hydro electric power plant proposal is analyzed for optimization of capital structure.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1992. / Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 176-177). Also available via the Internet.

Motivation - Komplexe Anforderungen an die Karosserie - Unbekannte Auswirkungen von Parametervariationen in der frühen Phase - Informationsdefizit führt zu Iterationsschleifen Ziel Beurteilung der Auswirkung von Parametervariationen von Werkstoffen, Produktionsverfahren, Geometrien auf die Karosserie-Eigenschaften

The diploma thesis deals with the design of selected parts of reinforced concrete elements of the exhibition room. Simultaneously, the optimization of selected elements according to valid standards and Eurocodes was carried out and the impact of these changes on the economy of construction was developed.

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Motivation - Komplexe Anforderungen an die Karosserie - Unbekannte Auswirkungen von Parametervariationen in der frühen Phase - Informationsdefizit führt zu Iterationsschleifen Ziel Beurteilung der Auswirkung von Parametervariationen von Werkstoffen, Produktionsverfahren, Geometrien auf die Karosserie-Eigenschaften

Submitted by Sabrina Rocha Andrade (sabrina_andrade88@hotmail.com) on 2018-09-03T20:41:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Sabrina Andrade_FINAL.pdf: 1234290 bytes, checksum: 666ad49bc10ef2b4fc83146b16b6aaee (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Joana Martorini (joana.martorini@fgv.br) on 2018-09-04T14:41:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Sabrina Andrade_FINAL.pdf: 1234290 bytes, checksum: 666ad49bc10ef2b4fc83146b16b6aaee (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzane Guimarães (suzane.guimaraes@fgv.br) on 2018-09-05T12:37:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Sabrina Andrade_FINAL.pdf: 1234290 bytes, checksum: 666ad49bc10ef2b4fc83146b16b6aaee (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-05T12:37:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Sabrina Andrade_FINAL.pdf: 1234290 bytes, checksum: 666ad49bc10ef2b4fc83146b16b6aaee (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-06 / As empresas normalmente se alavancam através de emissão de dívida e fazem isso para gerenciar suas necessidades financeiras e/ou operacionais. A teoria de trade off defende que administradores busquem um nível estático e pré-determinado de endividamento para maximizar o valor da empresa. Portanto, é esperado que saltos na alavancagem não sejam frequentes e eventuais desvios em relação ao nível ótimo sejam rapidamente corrigidos. Este trabalho analisou a estrutura de capital das empresas listadas na B3, de 2010 a 2016, a fim de verificar se a teoria de trade off pode explicar o comportamento observado durante esse período. Foi constatado que, embora não retornem prontamente ao nível anterior de alavancagem, as empresas permaneceram em níveis compatíveis com o ótimo, o que é consistente com a teoria de trade off e sinaliza que flexibilidade financeira é também uma preocupação. / Firms normally leverage their capital structure through debt issuance, in order to manage their financial and operational needs. Trade off theory suggests that managers must aim at a pre-determined and static leverage target to maximize the firm’s value. Therefore, one should not expect to observe frequent jumps in leverage, and any difference between optimal and observed leverage would be promptly corrected. This paper studied the capital structure of companies listed at B3, from 2010 to 2016, aiming to investigate if trade off theory can be used to explain their behavior during this period. It was observed that, although companies do not return to previous leverage levels quickly, they tend to stay around optimal levels, which is consistent with trade off theory and suggests that financial flexibility is also a concern.

The diploma thesis is focused on the issue of the capital structure of a selected company and the possibilities of affecting it from company’s perspective. The basic concepts related to the capital structure, the issue of optimizing the capital structure, the factors that affect the capital structure and the financial performance of the company are explained. Furthermore, the work deals with a proposal of ways or sources, by which the company could optimize its capital structure in order to streamline its business.

The Generation IV International Forum (GIF) has initiated an international collaboration for the research and development of the Generation IV future nuclear energy systems. The Canadian PT-SCWR is Canada’s contribution to the GIF as a GEN-IV advanced energy system. The PT-SCWR is a pressure tube reactor type and considered as an evolution of the conventional CANDU reactor. The PT-SCWR is characterized by bi-directional coolant flow through the High Efficiency Re-entrant Channel (HERC). The Canadian SCWR is a unique design involving high pressure and temperature coolant, a light water moderator, and a thorium-plutonium fuel, and is unlike any operating or conceptual reactor at this time. The SCWR does share some features in common with the BWR configuration (direct cycle, control blades etc…), CANDU (separate low temperature moderator), and the HTGR/HTR (coolant with high propensity to up-scatter), and so it represents a hybrid of many concepts. Because of its hybrid nature there have been subtle feedback effects reported in the literature which have not been fully analyzed and are highly dependent on these unique characteristics in the core. Also given the significant isotopic changes in the fuel it is necessary to understand how the feedback mechanisms evolve with fuel depletion. Finally, given the spectral differences from both CANDU and HTR reactors further study on the few-energy group homogenization is needed. The three papers in this thesis address each one of these issues identified in literature. Models were created using the SCALE (Standardized Computer Analysis for Licensing Evaluation) code package. Through this work, it was found that the lattice is affected by more than one large individual phenomenon but that these phenomena cancel one another to have a small net final change. These phenomena are highly affected by the coolant properties which have major roles in neutron thermalization process since the PT-SCWR is characterized by a tight lattice pitch. It was observed that fresh and depleted fuel have almost similar behaviour with small differences due to the Pu depletion and the production of minor actinides, 233U and xenon. It was also found that a higher thermal energy barrier is recommended for the two-energy-group structure since the PT-SCWR is characterized by a large coolant temperature compared to the conventional water thermal reactors. Two, three and four optimum energy group structure homogenizations were determined based on the behaviour of the neutron multiplication factor and other reactivity feedback coefficients. Robust numerical computations and experience in the physics of the problem were used in the few-energy group optimization methodology. The results show that the accuracy of the expected solution becomes highly independent of the number of energy groups with more than four energy groups used. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

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