Oppgaven tar for seg noen av problemstillingene som oppstår hvis man forsøker å distribuere en evolusjon ut i flere parallelle prosesser. Den ser først og fremst på de ulike måtene subpopulasjoner kan kommunisere, og hvordan parametere for kommunikasjon kan påvirke hvor raskt man finner fram til gode resultater. Det skal være mulig å utnytte distribueringen til å bygge et super-skalart system. Det ble ikke funnet et super-skalart system i denne oppgaven.

The objective of this study was to determine the dominant biogeochemical controls on mercury partitioning in super-permafrost groundwater at Truelove Lowland, Devon Island, Nunavut. Mercury partitioning in snow, ephemeral standing water, and super-permafrost groundwater was investigated. <p>Results indicate that partitioning differs between matrices, and that particulate mercury is spatially and temporally dynamic in Truelove Lowland groundwater. Particulate mercury in groundwater was 73 % of total mercury, while snow had only 22 % particulate mercury. Particulate mercury in groundwater rose by over 20 % from Julian day 181 to 189, and decreased slightly on Julian day 191. No single geochemical parameter was a good predictor of particulate mercury concentrations. To expand upon the findings of the field study a laboratory microcosm study was conducted to determine whether certain biogeochemical processes influence mercury partitioning in super-permafrost groundwater. Particulate mercury in the dissimilatory iron reducing bacteria inhibited microcosm was 61 % of total mercury, approximately 18 % lower than in all other treatments. Iron (III) concentrations had a positive correlation with particulate mercury while chloride concentrations had a negative correlation with particulate mercury. Sulfate reducing bacteria were not found to influence mercury partitioning.

The objective of this study was to determine the dominant biogeochemical controls on mercury partitioning in super-permafrost groundwater at Truelove Lowland, Devon Island, Nunavut. Mercury partitioning in snow, ephemeral standing water, and super-permafrost groundwater was investigated. <p>Results indicate that partitioning differs between matrices, and that particulate mercury is spatially and temporally dynamic in Truelove Lowland groundwater. Particulate mercury in groundwater was 73 % of total mercury, while snow had only 22 % particulate mercury. Particulate mercury in groundwater rose by over 20 % from Julian day 181 to 189, and decreased slightly on Julian day 191. No single geochemical parameter was a good predictor of particulate mercury concentrations. To expand upon the findings of the field study a laboratory microcosm study was conducted to determine whether certain biogeochemical processes influence mercury partitioning in super-permafrost groundwater. Particulate mercury in the dissimilatory iron reducing bacteria inhibited microcosm was 61 % of total mercury, approximately 18 % lower than in all other treatments. Iron (III) concentrations had a positive correlation with particulate mercury while chloride concentrations had a negative correlation with particulate mercury. Sulfate reducing bacteria were not found to influence mercury partitioning.

In this thesis, we construct a mathematical model for Sectorized FFR Networks (SFN). In SFN, frequency allocation adopts FFR (Fractional Frequency Reuse), which divides the frequency into two parts: the super group (Sup-G) and the regular group (Reg-G). Since the frequency allocations of Sup-G and sectors overlaps each other, and the same frequency band is used by two Sup-G in two different BS, when the radius of Sup-G is too large, interferences will occur among the adjacent BS. In our mathematical model, given different environmental parameters (number of sector, number of MS, strength of power), we can compute the system capacity by varying the radius of Sup-G and the various environmental parameters. In practical applications, since the number of MS becomes smaller in the cellular edge and it increases rapidly in the cellular center, Gaussian distribution is more adequate to model the distribution of MS. Thus, in the calculation of interference, we take the integration of the path loss multiplied by the transmission power and the MS density. Finally, through the SINR and Shannon Capacity formula, we can derive the overall system capacity. From the mathematical model, we can achieve a ratio of Sup-G radius and cellular radius. With this radius ratio, an MS can have about the same capacity regardless of the position in the FFR network. Otherwise, an MS may get very different capacity when it moves to the cellular edge or sometimes it appears in the cellular center. Additionally, from the mathematical model, we can analyze the interferences and system capacity for different numbers of sectors.

The maximum capacity of an optical fiber transmission system more than doubled every year to match the fast-growing communication need. The technology break through in dry fiber fabrication opens the possibility for fiber bandwidth all the way from 1.3 £gm to 1.6 £gm. The fast increasing demand of communication capacity results in the emergence of wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technology, which results in the need for wideband optical amplifier. Cr4+:YAG has a strong spontaneous emission that covers 1.3 £gm to 1.6 £gm. Besides, its absorption spectrum is between 0.9 £gm to 1.2 £gm, which matches with the pumping source in current erbium doped optical amplifier. Such a fiber is, therefore, eminently suitable for optical amplifier applications. We have successfully fused the double cladding Cr4+:YAG crystal fiber with single mode fiber by fusion splicer. The crystal fibers are grown by the laser-heated pedestal growth technique. The splicing parameters are optimized to achieve an insertion loss of 3.8 dB. Througth the splicing images, we can quantitatively analyze the splicing results caused by fine tuned parameters, and aimed at the evolution of the ASE, that is dissipated into inner cladding. The simulation program is revised with better fitting. We can find the reason why net gain is under 0 dB by simulation result, and find the way to improve. Numerical simulation indicates that the gain can reach 2 dB at 1 W pump, if the core diameter of the double cladding Cr4+:YAG crystal fiber is reduced to 10 £gm. In the future, we¡¦ll reduce the core diameter of Cr4+:YAG crystal double cladding fiber to less than 10 £gm, and enhance the Cr4+ ion concentration to lower the insertion loss after two-sided splicing, Hopefull, super-wideband optical amplifier can be realized.

The urbanized congregate housing and commercial buildings have long developed towards the super high-rise, enlarged and complex composition. The application, identification, usage and administration of such buildings are more complicated than general buildings; so too the fire facilities, organization, training, operation and management. Such tendency of development on super high-rise and large buildings is evident everywhere in various cities. In the area of fire prevention, there will be greater challenges. The general public remains ignorant about disaster prevention, while government authorities do not integrate and enhance regulation on categorization and identification of construction for super high-rise buildings with different applications and scales. Without accumulating our capabilities for fire prevention, it is likely incur the loss of countless lives and property in general buildings when disaster occurs. Since the implementation of the fire administration system in Taiwan from 1995, certain results have been achieved and further development is expected. However, it is found from literature review and questionnaire of this study that there are still many improvements to be made. Among numerous problems, ¡§Human negligence¡¨ covers most of the cases, which also verifies the perspective discussed in the study that ¡§people¡¨ are the keys to fire administration. Therefore, it is deemed in this study that in a super high-rise composite (general super high-rise), the caretaker, fire administrator, mutual fire administrator, professional building administration (security) company and various fire squads be the key persons to promote fire administration. Whether it is the administrational obligation of fire safety or fire rescue, the abovementioned units must link, cooperate and integrate with each other to form a group, so the capability of administrating fire safety of each super high-rise building can be controlled adequately. From various problems witnessed in this study, the following strategies are drafted to correspond with administration, which is expected to integrate the administrational level of fire safety. Under well mechanism of administration, the capacity of fire prevention can be reflected for reducing fire accidents to minimum: 1. Enhance administrative obligation and command mechanism of fire prevention for composite super high-rise buildings. 2. Establish administrative capability of fire prevention from professional building administration (security) company. 3. Regulate the categorization and identification of construction for super high-rise buildings with different applications and scales. 4. Integrate the capacity of fire prevention, operation in fire field and building¡¦s disaster prevention for unified correspondence. 5. Request the government to promote publication and incentive system for information on administration and examination of fire safety.

Thesis (doctoral)--University of Göteborg, 1992. / Extra t.p. with thesis statement inserted. Includes bibliographical references (p. [83]-88) and indexes.

This is a scoping report that presents conclusions and recommendations regarding the potential relationship between the people of Monroe and Lenawee Counties, Michigan and proposal to consider locating the Superconducting Super Collider (SSC) in these counties. The study area is located within the two counties but includes only the extreme eastern portion of Lenawee County. This report discusses the social and cultural impacts that could derive from siting the SSC in these counties, the possible local resident responses to these potential SSC impacts, and potential statewide responses to the project. This scoping research was founded through a contract between the Michigan Energy and Resource Research Associations (MERRA) and the Institute for Social Research, The University of Michigan. Scoping g research was conducted between April 15, 1986 and August 31, 1986.

At the request of the Governor of Michigan, researchers from the Institute for Social Research (ISR) at The University of Michigan conducted studies of the social effects of and community support for the proposed Superconducting Super Collider (SSC) project in Michigan. Their initial work in 1986 focused on Dundee, in southeastern Michigan, the first site considered by Michigan as a location for the SSC. The State eventually presented proposals for two Michigan sites: the Dundee location and a location near Stockbridge, which is situated in south central Michigan. Research was conducted at both sites.

In this thesis we consider the N=1 super Yang-Mills theory on S5 with a single hypermultiplet in the adjoint representation. We argue that there is a critical value of the hypermultiplet mass M=3/2r, where r is the radius of S5, for which the free energy vanishes, and we study the model in the proximity of this value. For large N we provide analytical results for the free energy and the eigenvalue density in the weak and strong coupling limits, and in one case we solve the saddle point equation using a technique introduced by Hoppe. We present numerical results to show where each approximation is justified, and to explore the regimes where the model cannot be solved analytically. Based on the numerical results, we argue that in most cases the behaviour of the model is better understood in terms of an effective coupling constant λ'=λM. For small M the model simplifies to one whose kernel is non-singular. This simplified model shows a peculiar peak structure in the eigenvalue distribution, with the number of peaks growing as the effective coupling is increased. We interpret this as a series of phase transitions as M approaches 3/2r.