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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1993. / Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 110-116). Also available via the Internet.

The Wielandt subgroup, the intersection of normalizers of subnormal subgroups, is non-trivial in any finite group and thus gives rise to a series whose length is a measure of the complexity of a group's subnormal structure. Another measure, akin to the nilpotency class of nilpotent groups, arises from the strong Wielandt subgroup, the intersection of centralizers of nilpotent subnormal sections. This thesis begins an investigation into how these two invariants relate in finite soluble groups. ¶ Complete results are obtained for metabelian groups of odd order: the strong Wielandt length of such a group is at most one more than its Wielandt length, and this bound is best possible. Some progress is made in the wider class of groups with p-length 1 for all primes p. A conjecture for all finite soluble groups, which may be regarded as a subnormal analogue of the embedding of the Kern, is also considered.

If f is analytic in a neighborhood of ∂D = {z| |z|= 1} and if K = f(∂D), then C-K has only finitely many components; moreover, if U is a bounded simply connected region of the plane, then ∂U = U_j=0<sup>n</sup r_j where each r_j is a rectifiable Jordan curve and r_i ∩ r_j is a finite set whenever i ≠ j. Let μ be a positive regular Borel measure supported on ∂D and let m denote normalized Lebesgue measure on ∂D. If L is a compact set such that ∂L ⊂ K and R(L) is a Dirichlet algebra and if ν = μof⁻¹, then the Lebesgue decomposition of ν|_∂V with respect to harmonic measure for L is ν|_∂V = μ_aof⁻¹|_∂V + μ_sof⁻¹|_∂V where V = intL and μ = μ_a + μ_s is the Lebesgue decomposition of μ with respect to m. Applying Sarason’s process, we obtain P^∞(ν) ≠ L^∞(ν) if, and only if there is a Jordan curve r contained in K such that mof⁻¹|_Γ << μ_aof⁻¹|_Γ. If U is a unitary operator with scalar-valued spectral measure μ then f(U) is non-reductive if and only if there is a Jordan curve r ⊂ K such that mof⁻¹|_Γ << μ_aof⁻¹|_Γ. Let G be a bounded region of the plane and B(H) the algebra of bounded operators in the separable Hilbert space H. If π: H^∞(G)→B(H) is a norm-continuous homomorphism such that π(1) = 1 and π(z) is pure subnormal then π is weak-star, weak-star continuous. Moreover, if S is a pure subnormal contraction, the S^*n→0 sot. / Ph. D.

Let H be a separable Hilbert space over the complex field. The class S := {N|M : N is normal on H and M is an invariant subspace for Ng of subnormal operators. This notion was introduced by Halmos. The minimal normal extension Ň of a subnormal operator S was introduced by σ (S) and then Bram proved that Halmos. Halmos proved that σ(Ň) (S) is obtained by filling certain number of holes in the spectrum (Ň) of the minimal normal extension Ň of a subnormal operator S. Let σ (S) := σ (Ň) be the spectrum of the minimal normal extension Ň of S; which is called the normal spectrum of a subnormal operator S: This notion is due to Abrahamse and Douglas. We give several well-known characterization of subnormality. Let C* (S1) and C* (S2) be the C*- algebras generated by S1 and S2 respectively, where S1 and S2 are bounded operators on H: Next we give a characterization for subnormality which is purely C - algebraic. We also establish an intrinsic characterization of the normal spectrum for a subnormal operator, which enables us to answer the fol-lowing two questions. Let II be a *- representation from C* (S1) onto C* (S2) such that II(S1) = S2. If S1 is subnormal, then does it follow that S2 is subnormal? What is the relation between σ (S1) and σ (S2)? The first question was asked by Bram and second was asked by Abrahamse and Douglas. Answers to these questions were given by Bunce and Deddens.

Let H be a separable Hilbert space over the complex field. The class S := {N|M : N is normal on H and M is an invariant subspace for Ng of subnormal operators. This notion was introduced by Halmos. The minimal normal extension Ň of a subnormal operator S was introduced by σ (S) and then Bram proved that Halmos. Halmos proved that σ(Ň) (S) is obtained by filling certain number of holes in the spectrum (Ň) of the minimal normal extension Ň of a subnormal operator S. Let σ (S) := σ (Ň) be the spectrum of the minimal normal extension Ň of S; which is called the normal spectrum of a subnormal operator S: This notion is due to Abrahamse and Douglas. We give several well-known characterization of subnormality. Let C* (S1) and C* (S2) be the C*- algebras generated by S1 and S2 respectively, where S1 and S2 are bounded operators on H: Next we give a characterization for subnormality which is purely C - algebraic. We also establish an intrinsic characterization of the normal spectrum for a subnormal operator, which enables us to answer the fol-lowing two questions. Let II be a *- representation from C* (S1) onto C* (S2) such that II(S1) = S2. If S1 is subnormal, then does it follow that S2 is subnormal? What is the relation between σ (S1) and σ (S2)? The first question was asked by Bram and second was asked by Abrahamse and Douglas. Answers to these questions were given by Bunce and Deddens.

This thesis consists of eight chapters. Chapter 1 contains the preliminaries: the background, notation and results needed for this work. In Chapter 2 we study the problem of when P, the set of analytic polynomials, is dense in the Hardy space H^t(G) or the Bergman space L^t_nG, where G is a bounded domain and t ∈ [1,∞). Characterizations of special domains are also given. In Chapter 3 we generalize the definition of a Carleson measure to an arbitrary simply connected domain. Let G be a bounded simply connected domain with harmonic measure ω. We say a positive measure τ on G is a Carleson measure if there exists a positive constant c such that for each t ∈ [1, ∞) and each polynomial p we have ⎮⎮p⎮⎮_L¹(τ)≤ c ⎮⎮p⎮⎮ _Lᵗ(ω), We characterize all Carleson measures on a normal domain-definition: a domain G where P is dense in H¹(G). It turns out that P is dense in Hᵗ(G) for all t when G is normal. In Chapter 4 we describe some special simply connected domains and describe how they are related to each other via various types of polynomial approximation. In Chapter 5 we study the various equivalence classes of subnormal operators under the relations of unitary equivalence, similarity and quasi similarity under the assumption that G is a normal domain. In Chapter 6 we characterize the Carleson measures on a finitely connected domain. We are able to push our techniques in the latter setting to characterize those subnormal operators similar to the shift on the closure of R(K) in L²(σ) when R(K) is a hypo dirichlet algebra. In Chapter 7 we illustrate our results by looking at their implications when G' is a crescent. Several interesting function theory problems are studied. In Chapter 8 we study arc length and harmonic measures. Let G be a Dirichlet domain with a countable number of boundary components. Let ω be the harmonic measure of G. We show that if J is a rectifiable curve and E ⊂ ∂G ∩ J is a subset with ω(E) > 0, then E has positive length. / Ph. D.

A água é essencial à manutenção da vida. No entanto, com as situações de estresse hídrico - disponibilidade hídrica inferior a 1.700 m per capita ao ano (FALKENMARK, 1989) - vivenciadas em diversos pontos do planeta, somadas ao acelerado crescimento da população mundial, os problemas relacionados ao uso da água tendem a aumentar. Neste contexto, a pegada hídrica (PH), que é um indicador de sustentabilidade ambiental, se torna uma importante ferramenta de gestão de recursos hídricos pois indica o consumo de água doce com base em seus usos. O presente trabalho objetiva mensurar a pegada hídrica em função das componentes industrial, doméstica e alimentar da população do bairro Rocinha, um aglomerado subnormal localizado no município do Rio de Janeiro. A pesquisa se deteve a um Estudo de Caso de 20 sub-bairros da comunidade. Sua abordagem foi quantitativa, contando com uma amostra de 203 domicílios, erro amostral de 7% e grau de confiança de 93%. Para tal, foi utilizada como ferramenta de cálculo o modelo Water Footprint Network do ano de 2005. Os resultados indicaram que, em média, a PH dos indivíduos que compõem a amostra é de 1715 m/ano per capita assim divididos: PH de consumo doméstico de água de 175 m/ano per capita (479 l/hab.dia); PH de produtos agrícolas igual a 1470 m/ano per capita, e PH de produtos industrializados de 70 m/ano per capita. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que os indivíduos da amostra com uma maior despesa mensal tendem a ter pegadas hídricas industrial e total também maiores. / Water is essential for sustaining life. However, the situations of hydric stress - less than 1.700 m per capita water availability per year (FALKENMARK, 1989) - experienced in many parts of the world, coupled with the rapid growth of the global population, the problems related to water use tend to increase. In this context, the water footprint (WF), which is an indicator of environmental sustainability becomes an important tool for water resource management indicates the consumption of fresh water based on their uses. This study aimed to measure the water footprint as a function of industrial components, domestic and feed of the population of the Rocinhas neighborhood, a cluster subnormal located in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro. The research was focused on a case study of 20 sub-districts of the community. Its approach was quantitative, with a sample of 203 households, sampling error of 7% and confidence level of 93%. For this purpose, was used as the tool for calculating the Water Footprint Network model year 2005. The results indicated that, on average, the WF of the individuals in the sample is 1715 m/ year per capita divided as follows: WF of domestic water consumption of 175 m/ year per capita (479 l/ inhab.day), WF agricultural products equal to 1470 m/ year per capita, and WF industrial products 70 m/ year per capita. The results suggest that individuals in the sample with a higher monthly expenditure tend to have industrial water footprints and overall greater.

A água é essencial à manutenção da vida. No entanto, com as situações de estresse hídrico - disponibilidade hídrica inferior a 1.700 m per capita ao ano (FALKENMARK, 1989) - vivenciadas em diversos pontos do planeta, somadas ao acelerado crescimento da população mundial, os problemas relacionados ao uso da água tendem a aumentar. Neste contexto, a pegada hídrica (PH), que é um indicador de sustentabilidade ambiental, se torna uma importante ferramenta de gestão de recursos hídricos pois indica o consumo de água doce com base em seus usos. O presente trabalho objetiva mensurar a pegada hídrica em função das componentes industrial, doméstica e alimentar da população do bairro Rocinha, um aglomerado subnormal localizado no município do Rio de Janeiro. A pesquisa se deteve a um Estudo de Caso de 20 sub-bairros da comunidade. Sua abordagem foi quantitativa, contando com uma amostra de 203 domicílios, erro amostral de 7% e grau de confiança de 93%. Para tal, foi utilizada como ferramenta de cálculo o modelo Water Footprint Network do ano de 2005. Os resultados indicaram que, em média, a PH dos indivíduos que compõem a amostra é de 1715 m/ano per capita assim divididos: PH de consumo doméstico de água de 175 m/ano per capita (479 l/hab.dia); PH de produtos agrícolas igual a 1470 m/ano per capita, e PH de produtos industrializados de 70 m/ano per capita. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que os indivíduos da amostra com uma maior despesa mensal tendem a ter pegadas hídricas industrial e total também maiores. / Water is essential for sustaining life. However, the situations of hydric stress - less than 1.700 m per capita water availability per year (FALKENMARK, 1989) - experienced in many parts of the world, coupled with the rapid growth of the global population, the problems related to water use tend to increase. In this context, the water footprint (WF), which is an indicator of environmental sustainability becomes an important tool for water resource management indicates the consumption of fresh water based on their uses. This study aimed to measure the water footprint as a function of industrial components, domestic and feed of the population of the Rocinhas neighborhood, a cluster subnormal located in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro. The research was focused on a case study of 20 sub-districts of the community. Its approach was quantitative, with a sample of 203 households, sampling error of 7% and confidence level of 93%. For this purpose, was used as the tool for calculating the Water Footprint Network model year 2005. The results indicated that, on average, the WF of the individuals in the sample is 1715 m/ year per capita divided as follows: WF of domestic water consumption of 175 m/ year per capita (479 l/ inhab.day), WF agricultural products equal to 1470 m/ year per capita, and WF industrial products 70 m/ year per capita. The results suggest that individuals in the sample with a higher monthly expenditure tend to have industrial water footprints and overall greater.

Orientador: Keila Miriam Monteiro de Carvalho / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T23:17:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rabello_Suzana_M.pdf: 2149594 bytes, checksum: f5f640caa33f7504de6d47c2f407ebaa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Trata-se de estudo realizado segundo abordagem qualitativa, uma vez que o pesquisador compartilha o processo de desenvolvimento, percepções e experiências do objeto da pesquisa que, no caso, refere-se ao uso da informática pelo deficiente visual. O objetivo foi verificar a reprodução de textos e o desempenho dos alunos deficientes visuais na leitura de textos digitados por meio do computador. A amostra foi composta por seis escolares de 12 a 15 anos de idade, matriculados de 5ª a 8ª série do Ensino Fundamental, que freqüentavam sala de recursos no município de Santa Bárbara D¿Oeste/SP. Foi utilizado como instrumento um roteiro de observação aplicado em dois momentos, antes e depois do curso de informática que foi ministrado três vezes por semana, durante oito meses, utilizando os sintetizadores de voz Dosvox e Virtual Vision, bem como o recurso do Assistente de Acessibilidade do windows. Para verificar o desempenho dos escolares na leitura e escrita de textos foram realizadas atividades de digitação, com o auxílio de textos impressos. Com o uso do roteiro, o pesquisador procedeu à análise de conteúdo para captar o objeto investigado. Dos seis escolares observados, todos possuíam conhecimento básico de uso do computador, bom desempenho na digitação de textos e leitura satisfatória. Foi possível observar com o Assistente de Acessibilidade do sistema operacional Windows, ampliação e som do Virtual Vision, permitindo um bom desempenho escolar dos alunos deficientes visuais / Abstract: A study has been undertaken according to a qualitative approach, once the researcher shares the development, perception and experience process of research object that, in this case, is related to the use of computer means by visually impaired student. The objective was to verify text reproduction and the performance of visually impaired students when reading texts written through a computer machine. Sample comprised six students 12 through 15 years old, enrolled at 5th to 8th series of Fundamental Course that used the resource room at the city of Santa Barbara d¿Oeste/SP. It was used as instrument an observation schedule applied in two moments, before and after computer usage course, which was ministered three times a week, for eight months, using voice synthesizer Dosvox and Virtual Vision, as well as the Acessibililty Assistant resource of Windows. To verify the student performances when reading and writing texts digitations activities were employed with the aid of printed texts. Using the schedule, researcher made a content analysis to reach the object under investigation. Results : from the six observed students , all possessed a basic knowledge about computer usage, a good performance in text digitations and satisfactory reading. It was observed through the Acessibility Assistant of operational system Windows, amplification and sound of Virtual Vision, allowing a good school performance of visually impaired students / Mestrado / Ciencias Biomedicas / Mestre em Ciências Médicas