Este trabalho faz uso de um modelo DSGE com fricções financeiras para analisar as consequências da existência de uma modalidade subsidiada de crédito para a recuperação da economia frente a choques. Os resultados indicam que o crédito subsidiado auxilia a mitigar os efeitos de choques que incidem especificamente sobre o mercado de crédito, como é o caso de choques financeiros ou de política macroprudencial. As respostas das principais variáveis da economia a esses choques se tornam menos intensas e duradouras. Para o caso de choque de política monetária, entretanto, a presença do crédito subsidiado não altera de forma significativa as respostas de variáveis reais, como consumo e investimento. / This paper uses a DSGE model with financial frictions to analyze the consequences of the existence of a subsidized credit line for the recovery of the economy against shocks. The results indicate that the subsidized credit helps to mitigate the effects of shocks that are specifically related to the credit market, as in the case of financial shocks or macroprudential policy shocks. The responses of the main variables of the economy to these shocks become shorter and less intense. In the case of monetary policy shock, however, the presence of subsidized credit does not change significantly the responses of real variables, such as consumption and investment.

Este trabalho faz uso de um modelo DSGE com fricções financeiras para analisar as consequências da existência de uma modalidade subsidiada de crédito para a recuperação da economia frente a choques. Os resultados indicam que o crédito subsidiado auxilia a mitigar os efeitos de choques que incidem especificamente sobre o mercado de crédito, como é o caso de choques financeiros ou de política macroprudencial. As respostas das principais variáveis da economia a esses choques se tornam menos intensas e duradouras. Para o caso de choque de política monetária, entretanto, a presença do crédito subsidiado não altera de forma significativa as respostas de variáveis reais, como consumo e investimento. / This paper uses a DSGE model with financial frictions to analyze the consequences of the existence of a subsidized credit line for the recovery of the economy against shocks. The results indicate that the subsidized credit helps to mitigate the effects of shocks that are specifically related to the credit market, as in the case of financial shocks or macroprudential policy shocks. The responses of the main variables of the economy to these shocks become shorter and less intense. In the case of monetary policy shock, however, the presence of subsidized credit does not change significantly the responses of real variables, such as consumption and investment.

Access to education is a central part of federal higher education policy, and federal grant and loan programs are in place to make college degrees more attainable for students. However, there is still controversy about whether there are unintended consequences of implementing and maintaining these programs, and whether they are effectively achieving the goal of increased accessibility. In order to answer questions about whether three specific types of federal aid cause higher tuition rates and whether these programs increase graduation rates, four ordinary least squares regression models were estimated. They include changes in both in-state and out-of-state tuition sticker prices, graduation rates, as well as changes in three types of federal aid, and other variables indicative of the value of a degree for four-year public universities in Arizona, California, Georgia, and Florida for years 2001-2011. The regressions indicate a positive effect of Pell Grants on in-state and out-of-state tuition and fees, a positive effect of disbursed subsidized federal loans on the change in number of degrees awarded, and a positive effect of Pell Grants on graduation rates.