Title: The subsidy policy applied by the city of Přelouč in sport Objectives: The main objective of this thesis is to describe the policy of the city of Přelouč in the support of sport, sports funding at the local level with the description of individual funding opportunity, building sports infrastructure in the long run focusing on receiving grants for sport. Methods: In this diploma thesis the method of mixed research is used consisting of work with documents related to grants provided to selected sports facilities in the city. Further personal or written interviews and questioning with representatives of the city of Přelouč and villages in the district of the city and with sports facilities managers. Results: The result of the thesis is a text that contains information about the support given by the city into the sports infrastructure, description of the areas of financing with an emphasis on subsidies. The city of Přelouč fixed the sport as one if its policy priority and within the budget allocates to sport around 1%. Over the last ten years, the city of Přelouč realized with the help of state and Europe grants three large projects for the expansion of the sports infrastructure. The city creates sports conditions for the village inhabitants in the urban district where the situation is not at...

Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Family Studies and Human Services / Bronwyn S. Fees / Positive child outcomes are related to high quality child care environments as evidenced through longitudinal studies (Campbell, Ramey, Pungello, Sparling, & Miller-Johnson, 2002; The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development [NICHD] Early Child Care Research Network, 2005; Schweinhart, Montie, Xiang, Barnett, Belfield, & Nores, 2005). These findings are important particularly for young children from low-income families. As these children are commonly the recipients of child care by a relative, high quality relative care is essential (U. S. Census Bureau, 2005; Brown-Lyons, Robertson, & Layzer, 2001; Collins & Carlson, 1998; Ehrle, Adams, & Tout, 2001). Prior research on the quality of care provided by relatives has been limited, inconsistent, and inconclusive due to differing methodological approaches. Previous studies have often grouped relative child care providers along with other home-based care settings; however, they are not the same. Previous studies have also employed a variety of measurement tools to assess quality. This study examined the overall quality of care in relative child care settings using a tool specifically designed for relative child care, comparing the quality of care and motivations for care between subsidized and non-subsidized settings. Overall, findings were consistent with results of previous studies on kith and kin or relative child care providers in that 1) a wide range of quality of care was observed among both subsidized and non-subsidized settings; 2) no differences were observed between quality in subsidized and non-subsidized; 3) no differences were observed between quality of care based on motivation for providing care. The majority of providers will provide care for family regardless of availability of payment; however, subsidized providers were more family-oriented in their motivation compared to non-subsidized who more child-oriented. While all levels of care were observed in both infant/toddler and preschool settings, infant/toddler settings scored higher on all adult-child interaction variables. These settings were also observed to be safer than preschool settings. Also subsidy status alone does not necessarily increase or affect quality of the care as payment is not the primary motivation for care. Policymakers should, therefore, explore other means by which to enhance quality such as equitable subsidy rates across home-based settings and support programs for this population.

Em junho de 2013, o reajuste de R$ 0,20 na tarifa de ônibus gerou uma série de manifestações populares no país que acabaram fazendo alguns governos, como o da cidade de São Paulo, voltarem atrás e arcarem com essa diferença com as empresas de ônibus. Visto isso, o prefeito de São Paulo, Fernando Haddad, propôs uma política de municipalização de um tributo imposto sobre a gasolina, a CIDE, para financiar o transporte público urbano. Nesse contexto, foi encomendada uma pesquisa a Fundação Getúlio Vargas para responder a magnitude do impacto desse subsídio cruzado entre usuários do transporte privado e coletivo. Esse trabalho utiliza o resultado encontrado por essa pesquisa para responder qual o efeito sobre o tráfego da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo utilizando dados da Pesquisa de Origem e Destino de 2007. Os resultados encontrados mostram que a política de subsídio cruzado proporciona um baixo deslocamento no fluxo dos modos de transporte. Além disso, a análise de bem estar da política mostra que os mais favorecidos são os indivíduos de baixa renda. A estimação é feita com base em dois modelos de escolha discreta (Multinomial e Mixed Logit), separada por dois motivos de viagem: trabalho e estudo. E, as simulações de deslocamento de demanda utilizam dois valores de tributos, R$ 0,10 e R$ 0,50. / In June 2013, the increase of 0.20 BRL in bus fare has emerged a series of popular demonstrations in the country that ended up making some governments, such as the city of São Paulo, backtrack and pay out this difference with the buses company. So, the mayor of São Paulo, Fernando Haddad, proposed a policy of decentralization of a tax imposed on gasoline, CIDE, to finance urban public transport. In this context, a report was commissioned to Fundação Getúlio Vargas to respond the magnitude of the impact of cross-subsidy between users of private and collective transport. This work uses the results found in this report to answer the effect on traffic in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo using data from the Source and Destination Survey of 2007. Results show that the cross-subsidy policy provides a low offset in the flow modes of transport. Moreover, the analysis of welfare policy shows that the most favored are the low-income individuals. The estimation is based on two discrete choice models (Multinomial and Mixed Logit), separate for two reasons of trips: work and study. And the simulations of displacement demand use two values of taxes, 0.10 and 0.50 BRL.

This thesis deals with projects that were co-financed by the European Union (specifically from the Regional Operational Programme South-East) and implemented in Znojmo in the field of tourism. In the theoretical part is devoted attention to the issues and basic information about tourism, EU regional policy and the Regional Operational Programme South-East. The subject of the practical part is an analysis of the project "Discover Znojmo", the evaluation of the results of own survey and recommendation to improve the services. The survey was aimed at visitors of city and aimed to determine the level of satisfaction with a guidance and navigation system in relation to this project. In addition, the analytical part contains description of the project "Znojmo - City of Virtue". In the last chapter is designed in its own proposal, which should increase tourism in the region of Znojmo.

India does not fit easily into existing models of thought on the nature of a state and defies ease of understanding. Though India is most often considered to be a subsidy state, I show in this thesis the notion of the subsidy state does not capture the true nature of the Indian state. Chapter two of the paper looks at various models of understanding the nature of the Indian state and draw out three essential features: competing interest groups, how economic liberalization facilitates corruption and works against India’s aim of equalizing the capabilities and freedoms of all its citizens, and the role of the Indian state in development and how the failure to engage its citizens in the process has resulted in the current system. Chapter three looks at subsidies and cash transfers, discussing the problem of targeting and the design of programs. The fourth chapter, I share the methodology I used to categorize 581 centrally sponsored schemes. I did this to be able to disaggregate centrally sponsored schemes. For each scheme, I identified the state associated with each scheme, the target groups (intended beneficiaries) of each scheme, the types of benefits delivered, whether the receipt of the benefits were conditional or not, and the relevant policy areas of each scheme. I concluded that a closer look at the Indian state reveals that India may actually be more accurately identified as a developmental state which facilitates the enhancement of its citizens’ capabilities and freedoms.

Government support for applied Research and Development (R&D) persisted in the US despite evidence to the contrary. Many provide government R&D funding for enterprises of particular interest and a number of countries have substantially increased their expenditure on R&D. SBIR as a means of funding high-risk R&D with broad commercial and societal benefits that would not be undertaken by a single company, either because the risk was too high or because a large enough share of the benefits of success would not accrue to the company for it to make the investment. Therefore, the program¡¦s goal is to the development and application of new, enabling technologies that individual firms would not or pursue on their own and thereby encourage the economic growth that comes from the commercialization and use of new technologies in the private sector. However, very few studies of R&D policy toward innovative subsidy program in developing country. Public programs to subsidize high-technology firms have represented a significant but little-studied area of public expenditures. This article assesses the long-run success of firms participating in the SBIR program in Taiwan. The plan of this research is as follows. The purpose of this search in Taiwan is to study the impact of government-industry R&D programs on private R&D. The research has 3 important aspects. First, using a questionnaire to understand the enterprises intention and behavior which have participated in the ¡§Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR)¡¨ this paper first examines whether government R&D subsidies influence firm¡¦s innovative activities. Second, this paper examines what the correlation is between government funding and private R&D expenditures. Finally, this research conducted 67 important interviews from enterprises. Not only the multi-methodology comparisons, the empirical results aimed at: 1) Examine the role of public/private partnerships (PP/Ps) as an instrument to leverage public investment in strategy technology and innovation and to achieve other goals of technology and innovation policy; 2) Identify the critical factors determining the success of R&D subsidy program for innovation, with an emphasis on programme design, financial arrangement, and evaluation 3) Government R&D subsidies have a significant positive effect or not on firm¡¦s R&D expenditure / employment / firm-financed R&D spending.

published_or_final_version / Education / Master / Master of Education

Tyrimo objektas – ūkininko ūkio finansinės būklės ir rezultatų vertinimas. Darbo tikslas – sudaryti ūkininko ūkio finansinės būklės ir rezultatų vertinimo metodiką, grindžiamą palyginamumo principu. Tyrimo tikslui pasiekti darbe numatoma išspręsti šiuos uždavinius: 1. atskleisti finansinės būklės ir rezultatų vertinimo metodikos esmę; 2. identifikuoti žemės ūkio produkcijos gamybos ir apskaitos specifikos veiksnius, sąlygojančius atskiros finansinės būklės ir rezultatų vertinimo metodikos ūkiui poreikį; 3. atlikti identifikuotų veiksnių sąlygojamas ūkio apskaitos ir santykinių finansinių rodiklių apskaičiavimo metodikos korekcijas, grindžiamas palyginamumo principu; 4. sudaryti ūkininko ūkio finansinės būklės ir rezultatų vertinimo metodiką, grindžiamą turinio svarbos prieš formą ir palyginamumo principais; 5. empiriškai patikrinti sudarytą finansinės analizės metodiką panaudojant ūkio finansinės atskaitomybės duomenis. Tyrimo metodai: teisinės, ekonominės ir mokslinės literatūros analizė ir sintezė, loginė analizė ir sintezė, prognozinės ūkio finansinės atskaitomybės panaudojimas, santykinių pokyčių skaičiavimas, apskaičiuotų statistinių dydžių sisteminimas (lentelių sudarymas), palyginamoji finansinių rodiklių analizė, gautų rezultatų apibendrinimas ir išvadų formulavimas. Tyrimo rezultatai: • pirmoje darbo dalyje atskleista finansinės būklės ir rezultatų vertinimo metodikos esmė, kuri apibrėžta kaip taisyklių, reikalavimų, metodų ir būdų visuma finansinei informacijai apie... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Research object – the evaluation of farmer’s farm financial state and results. Research aim – to compose the methodics of evaluation of financial situation and results in the farmer’s farm based by the comparability principle. Objectives: 1. to disclose the essence of methodics of evaluation of financial state and results; 2. to identify the factors of specifics of agricultural production and accounting taking influence on demand of individual methodics of evaluation of financial state and results in the farm; 3. to perform the corrections in farm accounting and methodics of calculation of comparative financial indicators influenced by the identified factors and based by the comparability principle; 4. to compose the methodics of evaluation of financial situation and results in the farmer’s farm based by the content importance prior to form and the comparability principles; 5. to verify empirically the prepared methodics of financial analysis using the farm financial accountability data. Research methods: analysis and synthesis of juristic, economic and scientific literature, logical analysis and synthesis, use of farm prognostic financial accountability, calculation of comparative variation, filing of counted statistic dimensions (formation of tables), comparable analysis of financial indicators, generalization of obtained results and formulation of conclusions. Research results: • in the first part of work the essence of methodics of evaluation of financial state and... [to full text]

South Africa is characterised by its high and persistent level of unemployment, in particular among the youth. The high youth unemployment is attributed to various reasons, ranging from their lack of work experience, skills mismatch to employment and wage rigidities. The South African government proposed the youth wage subsidy to be implemented in 2011, with the primary aim of solving the youth unemployment problem. This study starts by providing a literature review on the youth labour market trends since the transition; it emerged that there is a lack of studies focusing exclusively on how youths fare in the labour market. Next, the demographic and educational attainment characteristics of the youth narrow labour force, employed and narrow unemployed are analysed under the narrow or strict definition, using the 1995-1999 October Household Surveys (OHSs), the 2000-2007 Labour Force Surveys (LFSs) and the 2008-2011 Quarterly Labour Force Surveys (QLFSs). With regard to unemployed youths, it is found that they are more likely to be blacks, without Matric and have never worked before. The main causes of youth unemployment are then discussed in detail, before the thesis moves on to examine the various active and passive labour market policies that could help to address the youth unemployment problem. The possible pros and cons of the youth wage subsidy, one of the active policies and the focus of this study, are discussed in greater detail. In particular, the claim by institutions such as COSATU that the introduction of the subsidy would lead to elderly workers (who are not subsidised) being replaced by the youth workers (who are subsidised) is not entirely correct, as these two groups of workers could be complementary instead of substitutes, and the introduction of the subsidy programme could result in an increase of demand for both elderly and youth workers. It is concluded that, although the youth wage subsidy could be one of the feasible solutions to stimulate demand for youth labour, it is not sufficient to address youth unemployment. It needs to be complemented by the other policies, such as a job search subsidy (targeting discouraged work seekers) and public employment programmes (e.g. Expanded Public Works Programme); but it is most important to note that these policies could only be fully effective if the root causes of youth unemployment are addressed by the government. / Magister Economicae - MEcon

The objective of this study is to measure the level of the European Union's (EU) Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) price support system (PSS) applied to producers in the EU-15 and in Turkey. The producer subsidy estimate (PSE) method has been used to determine protection levels for selected cereal products from the beginning of the application of the PSE method in 1986 to date. In addition, this study attempts to examine the empirical findings of the PSE in the light of CAP reforms and EU enlargements during the period 1986- 2003. The expected contribution of this study is to determine which support instruments, such as countervailing levies or direct payments (based on limited or unlimited area) against export subsidies, voluntary or compulsory set-aside measures and price interventions, are more appropriate for the CAP in reducing destabilizing effects on trade with selected products between the EU and Turkey with respect to distribution effects (how income is distributed between different groups involved in the production operation process). Does the current PSS of the CAP have positive effects on agricultural producers in Turkey as a non-member country? The major finding of this dissertation is the evaluation of benefits and costs of common agricultural policies of the EU on fair trade. The assessment of the PSE of the EU's CAP will be used to determine the impact of current support measures of the CAP reforms on fair trade and consumer welfare, and how the CAP measures can be reformed for the improvement of producer gain in accordance with fair trade. (author's abstract)