Esta pesquisa se debruçou sobre um tema presente diariamente na vida de todas as pessoas: geração de resíduos e sua destinação. Todas as pessoas geram resíduos todos os dias de sua vida. Dentre os serviços de gestão de resíduos sólidos, a presente pesquisa teve como objeto as políticas públicas de limpeza urbana e manejo de resíduos sólidos, ou seja, os serviços de coleta, transporte, transbordo, tratamento e destinação final de resíduos e rejeitos provenientes dos domicílios de Guarulhos, como também dos serviços públicos de varrição e limpeza de ruas. Estas atividades, essenciais para o funcionamento da cidade e saúde da população, são resultado de uma série de decisões, disputas e interesses de diversos atores que operam em diversos contextos institucionais, mormente o contexto federativo. Sendo Guarulhos o município foco do estudo, buscou-se compreender os processos determinantes da formulação e da implementação da política de limpeza urbana no município, articulando os arranjos institucionais, o contexto histórico e territorial e a circulação de atores estratégicos neste subsistema de política. Sendo assim, foi compreendida a importância do subsistema como uma dimensão de análise que perpasse o ciclo de políticas. A perspectiva histórica da mudança do subsistema da política em Guarulhos permitiu analisar o processo de construção desta política ao longo do tempo, que envolveu embates de ideias e interesses entre atores de várias origens, com destaque para a circulação da comunidade epistêmica da limpeza urbana / This research focused on a theme presents daily in peoples life: waste generation and its destination. All people generate waste every day in lives. Among solid waste management services, the present research had the public policies of urban cleaning and solid waste management, in other words, the collection, transportation, transhipment, treatment and final disposal of waste and wastes from Guarulhoss houses, as well as public sweeping and street cleaning services. These activities, essential to citys functioning and populations health, results of a series decisions, disputes and interests of several actors that operate in different institutional contexts, especially the federative context. Guarulhos, it was sought to understand the processes that determine the formulation and implementation of urban cleaning policy in the municipality, articulating the institutional arrangements, the historical and territorial context and the circulation of strategic actors in this subsystem of politics. Thus, the subsystems importance was understood as an analysiss dimension through the policy cycle. The historical perspective change of the politics subsystem in Guarulhos allowed analyze the process of policys construction over time, which involved clashes of ideas and interests among actors from various origins, especially the epistemic communitys circulation in urban cleaning

Esta pesquisa se debruçou sobre um tema presente diariamente na vida de todas as pessoas: geração de resíduos e sua destinação. Todas as pessoas geram resíduos todos os dias de sua vida. Dentre os serviços de gestão de resíduos sólidos, a presente pesquisa teve como objeto as políticas públicas de limpeza urbana e manejo de resíduos sólidos, ou seja, os serviços de coleta, transporte, transbordo, tratamento e destinação final de resíduos e rejeitos provenientes dos domicílios de Guarulhos, como também dos serviços públicos de varrição e limpeza de ruas. Estas atividades, essenciais para o funcionamento da cidade e saúde da população, são resultado de uma série de decisões, disputas e interesses de diversos atores que operam em diversos contextos institucionais, mormente o contexto federativo. Sendo Guarulhos o município foco do estudo, buscou-se compreender os processos determinantes da formulação e da implementação da política de limpeza urbana no município, articulando os arranjos institucionais, o contexto histórico e territorial e a circulação de atores estratégicos neste subsistema de política. Sendo assim, foi compreendida a importância do subsistema como uma dimensão de análise que perpasse o ciclo de políticas. A perspectiva histórica da mudança do subsistema da política em Guarulhos permitiu analisar o processo de construção desta política ao longo do tempo, que envolveu embates de ideias e interesses entre atores de várias origens, com destaque para a circulação da comunidade epistêmica da limpeza urbana / This research focused on a theme presents daily in peoples life: waste generation and its destination. All people generate waste every day in lives. Among solid waste management services, the present research had the public policies of urban cleaning and solid waste management, in other words, the collection, transportation, transhipment, treatment and final disposal of waste and wastes from Guarulhoss houses, as well as public sweeping and street cleaning services. These activities, essential to citys functioning and populations health, results of a series decisions, disputes and interests of several actors that operate in different institutional contexts, especially the federative context. Guarulhos, it was sought to understand the processes that determine the formulation and implementation of urban cleaning policy in the municipality, articulating the institutional arrangements, the historical and territorial context and the circulation of strategic actors in this subsystem of politics. Thus, the subsystems importance was understood as an analysiss dimension through the policy cycle. The historical perspective change of the politics subsystem in Guarulhos allowed analyze the process of policys construction over time, which involved clashes of ideas and interests among actors from various origins, especially the epistemic communitys circulation in urban cleaning

We develop a datapath generator for various arithmetic function units required in the design of the geometry subsystem in the 3D graphics application. The operations considered in the geometry subsystem include coordinate transformations and lighting. The generator will automatically generate efficient designs of function units based on the requirements of area, speed and accuracy. The major function units designed in this thesis are divided into two parts: multiplier-related function units and single-value arithmetic function units. In the generation of multipliers, we consider the design of truncated multipliers to reduce the area cost. In the design of other function evaluators, we consider two table-based methods: piecewise interpolation table-based method and the multipartite table-based method.

This thesis first addresses an important topic concerning space structure control systems, namely, attitude stabilization and control, which is followed by a study on subsystem interactions of general Multi Input Multi Output (MIMO) systems for better performance and actuator fault tolerance. A novel and simple output feedback stabilization approach is proposed for a space structure system characterized with kinematics and dynamics. The approach globally, asymptotically stabilizes the plant and the closed-loop stability is proved using Lyapunov analysis. The simplicity and robustness of the designed controller are demonstrated by investigating the closed-loop response after reducing the degree of freedom in control structure. The stability of the closed-loop system is further analyzed and the performance is compared with two other robust control approaches. The study carries on to another space plant, a Large Space Telescope (LST). Its dynamic model which is fitted with reaction wheels initially developed by NASA is analyzed and the fully coupled dynamics are derived by taking into account the nonlinear coupling phenomena and other terms neglected in their original (NASA) form. The dynamics are combined with Quaternion based kinematics to form an intricate yet realistic LST attitude model. The attitude of the nonlinear LST model is stabilized using a state feedback controller and the LST model is shown to track a time varying attitude reference. Structure configuration is an imperative task in the design of MIMO control systems. In order to make use of interactions between multiple channels so that the system can deal with vulnerability due to actuator degradation, a novel interaction measure is proposed. It is defined as Relative Dependency Index (RDI) and is based on H∞ norms. Such a measurement is effective in understanding the influence of the jth input on the ith output of a system. RDI based guidelines are outlined for configuring a system towards coupling/decoupling. RDI is further extended to the Input Impact Index (i.i.i.) which helps in determining how much an actuator degradation would affect the output of a system. The validity of RDI and i.i.i. is illustrated by simulation results and tested on the linearized spacecraft attitude model presented in the former part of the thesis.

[“If we zigzag in the middle, it’s OK”] The purpose of the following study is to examine the relationship between tourism and religion in a Balinese context. We look specifically at changes in religious practice, culture and mentality, as well as how religious philosophy is used as a tool for limiting the negative impact of tourism. The methods used are semi-structured interviews and participant observations. Central themes in the following essay are globalization in the form of tourism, westernization, subsystem theory and capitalism, which also make up the theoretical framework. By using this framework we have been able to conclude that tourism does indeed impact religious practice, culture and mentality on Bali. This impact is mainly focused around issues regarding a change in sacrificial practices, environmental changes and a sense of weakening of the communal mentality. We have also been able to identify a shift from a traditionally practice-oriented religion towards a more cognitively based religious understanding.

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Elétrica, 2008. / Submitted by Jaqueline Oliveira (jaqueoliveiram@gmail.com) on 2008-12-02T16:05:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO_2008_HenriquePVieira.pdf: 1744494 bytes, checksum: e841eb4b8535e79f162f9960278205a1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Georgia Fernandes(georgia@bce.unb.br) on 2009-02-16T13:53:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO_2008_HenriquePVieira.pdf: 1744494 bytes, checksum: e841eb4b8535e79f162f9960278205a1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2009-02-16T13:53:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO_2008_HenriquePVieira.pdf: 1744494 bytes, checksum: e841eb4b8535e79f162f9960278205a1 (MD5) / Com a crescente demanda pelos serviços de pacote de dados sem fio, as operadoras móveis de rede 3G hoje enfrentam o desafio de oferecer novos serviços multimídia com exigências de qualidade de rede ao mesmo tempo em que devem utilizar de forma eficaz a largura de banda que possuem. Esses novos serviços requerem o aumento de banda e de throughput de dados, devido à natureza intrínseca de interatividade que possuem. Essa crescente demanda por banda e throughput fez com que os comitês de padronização das redes de terceira geração trabalhassem no sentido de atender essas necessidades tendo como resultado a especificação de melhores esquemas de modulação e codificação, além da introdução de mecanismos de controle de qualidade dos enlaces (LQC – Link Quality Control) mais avançados. Entre as diversas propostas para a evolução das redes 2G (2ª Geração) para 3G (3ª Geração), o GPRS (General Packet Radio Services) e o EDGE (Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution) aparecem como soluções transitórias (conhecidas como redes 2,5G), mas efetivas, para as redes GSM existentes. Este trabalho propõe apresentar uma proposta de política de adaptação de enlace, que suporte serviços 3G, baseada no modelo GERAN (GSM EDGE Radio Access Network) definido pelo 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project), e que permita controle de admissão de sessão na rede IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem) utilizando o protocolo de sinalização IP (Internet Protocol) conhecido como SIP (Session Initiation Protocol). Essa proposta é baseada nos resultados teóricos e experimentais, medidos em campo, na rede real de uma operadora GSM/EDGE. _______________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT / With the increasing demand for wireless packet data services, 3G wireless carriers today are faced with the challenge of offering multimedia applications with quality of service requirements while at the same time effectively utilizing precious wireless bandwidth. These new data services require increased bandwidth and data throughput, due to their intrinsic nature. This increasing demand for bandwidth and throughput has driven the work of third generation standardization committees, resulting in the specification of improved modulation and coding schemes, besides the introduction of more advanced link quality control mechanisms. Among the several proposals for the evolution from 2G to 3G, GPRS (General Packet Radio Services) and EDGE (Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution) stand out as transitional solutions for existing GSM networks (it is also referred to as 2.5G system). This work considers to presenting a proposal of politics of link adaptation, that it support services of 3rd generation, based on GERAN model (GSM EDGE Radio Access Network) defined by 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project), and allows to control session admission in subsystem IMS using a IP signaling protocol known as SIP. This proposal is based on the theoretical and experimental results, measured in the field, in a real network.

Since the introduction of the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) in 2002, a lot of research has been conducted aimed at designing and implementing IMS capable clients and network elements. Though considerable work has been done in the development of IMS clients, there is no single, free and open source IMS client that provides researchers with all the required functionality needed to test the applications they are developing. For example, several open and closed source SIP/IMS clients are used within the Rhodes University Conver- gence Research Group (RUCRG) to test applications under development, as a result of the fact that the various SIP/IMS clients support different subsets of SIP/IMS features. The lack of a single client and the subsequent use of various clients comes with several problems. Researchers have to know how to deploy, configure, use and at times adapt the various clients to suit their needs. This can be very time consuming and, in fact, contradicts the IMS philosophy (the IMS was proposed to support rapid service creation). This thesis outlines the development of a Java-based, IMS compliant client called RUCRG IMS client, that uses the JAIN SIP Applet Phone (JSAP) as its foundation. JSAP, which originally offered only basic voice calling and instant messaging (IM) capabilities, was modified to be IMS compliant and support video calls, IM and presence using XML Configuration Access Protocol (XCAP).

This thesis describes architecture of IMS and shows possibilities of IMS platform testing. Theoretical part describes layer model of the IMS as a whole and then describes it’s individual layers. Next chapters analyse key entities of the IMS, interconnection between reference points and features of protocols used in the IMS. Practical part deals with the introduction of Open IMS Core, which was chosen for the IMS technology testing. Settings necessary to carry out testing and interconnection between PBX Asterisk are shown in next chapters. After introduction of IMS desktop clients is carried out an instant messaging communication within the IMS network. The communication is captured and analysed by Wireshark application. Afterwards there is described how SIP protocol sends messages within the IMS. After a brief introduction to the PBX Asterisk, there are discussed assumptions for the interconnection between Asterisk and IMS. There are also described necessary settings needed for implementation and communication testing itself. The first test is an audio session carried out between the desktop IMS client and IP phone registered to the PBX Asterisk. Communication is captured for the analysis of preparation, conduction and termination of the session. After the successful realization of the audio call, video session has been made. The session was analysed in detail, including statistics of control signals and transmitted packets. There are two laboratory excercises in attachement of this thesis, which will help students to understand the IMS technology and communication options within the IMS network

This theses describes aspects of memory traces processing, its applications in simulation and development of modular memory subsystem simulator based on memory traces. The simulator also supports use for educational purposes thanks to built-in visualization which can be used to track address accesses in memory subsystem hierarchy.

This dissertation was developed as two distinct themes within one final study. The first theme is located within Chapter 2 and Chapter 3. These two chapters examine the nature of both policy analysis and organizational theory in terms of their development within the American versions of Public Administration and Political Science. I conclude that the distinctions that have been created between the two areas of research are false, and that within the basic structure of American political theory both policy development and administrative implementation are a single unified endeavor. I then propose that Anthony Giddens Theory of Structuration offers both policy analysis and organizational theory a meta-theory that would allow for both areas of research to be reconnected. Various policy and organizational analysis models are examined, and alterations in these models are suggested to comply with the basic concepts of Giddens Theory of Structuration. A final model of analysis is presented which incorporates elements from these various models, and allows for the examination of the overall operation of a policy subsystem in terms of both policy analysis and organizational theory. The second theme is located within Chapters 4 through 10. The analytical model that was created in the first theme is applied it to a specific policy subsystem, namely the wire-based telecommunications industry of the United States. The relationship between the industry and government is examined from its original inception to the implementation of the Telecommunications Deregulation Act of 1996. Seven distinct periods of development are analyzed. Each period of analysis seeks to locate the basic underlying structural principles forming the foundations for decisions in both the private and public sectors, and the processes for adaptation and adjustment. The examination of the processes engaged in the various periods supports the conclusion reached in the original analytical model, namely that political and administrative interaction are in fact linked, forming a unified process. A single underlying structural principle is located that has formed the basis for the policy subsystems existence, namely the concept of Compound Federalism as originally envisioned by the Republic's Founding Fathers. / Ph. D.