Background: Running has many health benefits and has therefore become a sport with an expanded popularity worldwide. With it comes an increased incidence of overuse injuries, and there is a constant debate whether the shoes a runner uses should be as supportive as possible or minimalistic in order to facilitate a more natural running pattern. Many running retail outlets use video analysis to find out whether the runner has excessive rearfoot eversion (if they overpronate) or not and prescribe running shoes accordingly. Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of an exercise program on pronation/rearfoot eversion in female recreational runners and compare the results to running with a shoe with support under the midsole, a stability shoe. Method: Eight participants were recruited, and they were all recreational female endurance runners. On test day 1 a maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) of the ankle invertors was recorded. After that, the rearfoot inversion/ eversion angle was measured whilst running on a treadmill both in neutral and in stability shoes. The participants were divided in two groups using the every other method, and the intervention group (5 participants) went home with an exercise program to carry out over 6-8 weeks, and the control group (3 participants) did not. On test day 2 the same procedure followed. Due to the small sample size the current study is categorised as a pilot study. Results: There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in maximum voluntary isometric contraction between the two test days, in both groups, and also no significant difference (p>0.05) in rearfoot eversion in either of the groups and not when comparing the different types of shoes. Looking at individual results in the study group however there is an indication that rearfoot eversion decreased for more participants than did not, and it would therefore be of interest to look at this topic on a larger group. Conclusion: The results showed no significant difference in rearfoot eversion/ inversion after exercise therapy, however after analysing individual results it would be of interest to see this pilot study on a larger group. / Bakgrund: Löpning har många hälsofördelar och har därför blivit en sport med ökad popularitet över hela världen. Med det kommer en ökad förekomst av skador och det finns en ständig debatt om de skor som en löpare använder ska vara så uppbyggda som möjligt eller mer minimalistiska för att främja ett mer naturligt löpsteg. Många löparbutiker använder videoanalys för att ta reda på om löparen har en överdriven eversion i subtalarleden (om de hyperpronerar) eller inte och rekommenderar löparskor i enlighet med detta. Syfte: Syftet med den aktuella studien var att utreda effekten av ett träningsprogram på pronation/subtalar eversion hos kvinnliga distanslöpare, och att jämföra resultatet med en löparsko med extra stöd under fotvalvet. Metod: Åtta deltagare rekryterades till studien, och de var alla kvinnliga motionslöpare. På testdag 1 registrerades en maximal isometrisk kontraktion av fotledens invertorer. Därefter mättes vinkeln av inversion/eversion under löpning på en löpband både i neutrala och i stabilitetsskor. Deltagarna delades in i två grupper med hjälp av varannan-metoden och interventionsgruppen (5 deltagare) gick hem med ett träningsprogram att utföra över 6-8 veckor, och kontrollgruppen (3 deltagare) gjorde inget. På testdag 2 följde samma procedur. På grund av den lilla gruppstorleken kategoriseras den aktuella studien som en pilotstudie. Resultat: Det var ingen signifikant skillnad (p> 0.05) av på den maximala isometriska kontraktionen mellan de två testdagarna, i någon av grupperna, och ingen signifikant skillnad (p> 0.05) av inversion/eversion i någon av grupperna och inte heller när man jämförde de olika typerna av skor. Om man tittar på individuella resultat i studiegruppen finns det dock en indikation på att nivån av eversion minskade för fler deltagare än inte, och det skulle därför vara intressant att titta på detta ämnet i en större grupp. Konklusion: Resultaten visade inte någon signifikant skillnad i eversion/inversion i subtalarleden efter träningsterapi, men efter analysering av individuella resultat skulle det vara intressant att se denna pilotstudie i större grupp.

L’Instabilité Chronique de la Cheville (ICC) est une possible complication fonctionnelle consécutive à une entorse collatérale latérale et est définie par une sensation de « giving way » décrite subjectivement, qui correspond au dérobement de la cheville pendant sa mise en charge. Afin de mieux caractériser l’ICC, il est important de pouvoir proposer des mesures objectives. Ce travail a pour objectif d’évaluer de manière globale, au cours de diverses tâches, les différents mécanismes impliqués dans l’ICC, et ce, en comparant la motricité de sujets asymptomatiques et de personnes souffrant de cette pathologie.Les résultats de ce travail mettent en évidence plusieurs mécanismes caractéristiques qui témoignent d’une augmentation du risque d’entorses et d’instabilités latérales. Ces mécanismes affectent le contrôle postural des personnes se plaignant d’une ICC et résultent d’une altération du système proprioceptif, utile dans la régulation des mouvements et des positions des différents segments, ainsi que du système musculaire, générateur de force et stabilisateur de la cheville. Des adaptations centrales illustrant une stratégie visant à protéger la cheville des contraintes éventuellement traumatiques sont également suggérées par les résultats.Les tests mis en place dans ce travail peuvent fournir aux thérapeutes des informations objectives sur l’ICC. L’efficacité de ces tests pour caractériser cette pathologie a été démontrée, mais ceux-ci pourraient également être utilisés comme diagnostic initial et final lors d’une prise en charge rééducative. Ces nouvelles informations pourront effectivement compléter celles concernant l’historique du patient et permettraient ainsi d’apporter une dimension objective à la caractérisation d’une pathologie initialement décrite subjectivement. / Chronic Ankle Instability (CAI) is a possible functional complication consecutive to a lateral ankle sprain and is defined by a feeling of ankle “giving way”, subjectively described, which corresponds to a flinch of this joint during its loading. In order to improve CAI characterization, it is important to submit objectives measures.The objective of this work is to globally assess the different mechanisms involved in CAI, during several functional tasks. A comparison between asymptomatic subjects and subjects with CAI is made about functional abilities.Results highlight several characteristic mechanisms that attest of an increase of ankle sprain and lateral instabilities risks. These mechanisms affect postural control of people complaining CAI, and result in an alteration of proprioceptive system, useful in movement and positioning regulation of body segments, and an alteration of muscular system, which generates force and stabilizes the ankle joint. Central adaptations illustrating a protective strategy against prospective traumatic movements are also suggested by the results.Tests used in this work can provide objective information about CAI to the therapists. Efficiency of these tests to characterize CAI is demonstrated, but they could also be used as an initial or final diagnostic during a rehabilitation program. Indeed, these new information can complete the patient historic and could adduce an objective regard to the characterization of a pathology initially described subjectively by the patient.

Title Atypical Pronation of the Sub-Talar Joint: Its Implications on the Lower Limb Background Atypical pronation of the sub-talar joint, or overpronation of the foot, as it is more commonly known, is a current subtopic in foot and lower limb-related biomechanical issues. Typical pronation is a tri-planar movement that involves eversion of the hindfoot, combined with abduction and dorsiflexion of the forefoot. Atypical pronation is recognized when this motion is excessive, and may be determined by the extent and duration to which this occurs according to the rhythmic timing during the gait pattern. It is a mechanical problem of the foot that primarily results from a subluxation or shift of the sub-talar joint and bones of the mid- and hind-foot. As a common finding in the general population, especially in those with flexible flat feet, atypical pronation may result chronically in a displacement of the bones and joints of the lower limb. Research has stated that excessive pronation of the ankle-foot complex may cause change in position of certain bones in the lower limb. This is believed to occur through an interaction between foot and pelvis through a kinetic chain mechanism. Furthermore, it has been stated that atypical pronation may affect weight transfer of the lower limb during gait that may...