Douze ans constituent un délai raisonnable pour faire un bilan global de la procédure de l'article L. 521-1 du Code de justice administrative. L'examen des évolutions jurisprudentielles et l'analyse des dernières dispositions législatives font percevoir l'élargissement du domaine d'application du mécanisme qui est, dans l'ensemble, cohérent. Doté de nouvelles prérogatives subtiles et redoutables, le juge du référé-suspension assume parfaitement son rôle du juge de l'équilibre et de la nécessité. Il est le garant de la protection provisoire. L'efficacité est le noyau dur de sa fonction. Le changement d'état d'esprit et d'attitude du juge administratif a eu des conséquences à la fois théoriques et pratiques en la matière. De part sa gestion rapide, son accessibilité, son mode de raisonnement et sa créativité, le juge du référé-suspension est juge de la rupture. À cela, s'ajoutent la préoccupation du juge des effets de ses interventions et la flexibilité des mesures prononcées. Disposant ainsi d'une véritable culture de l'urgence, le juge a gagné de la crédibilité et de la légitimité et est, surtout, devenu un concurrent redoutable face à ses homologues, que ce soit au niveau national ou européen. Bien que performant, le juge des référés n'est pas au bout de ses potentialités. La continuité entre le référé- suspension et son ancêtre est tangible. Le système reste imparfait. Nombreux en sont les points perfectibles. Pour y remédier, le juge ainsi que le législateur doivent rester en mouvement. / Twelve years represent reasonable time to make a global report on the procedure of article L.521-1 of Code of adminstrative law. The examination of case law evolution and the analysis of last legal measures allow us to detect an enlargment of field which is consistent. Equipped with new subtly and dreaded prerogatives, summary's judge of suspension of administrative act, assumes perfectly his duty of judging balance and necessity. He is the guarantor of the temporary protection. Efficacity constitutes his function'hard core. The change of state of mind and attitude of administrative judge had consequences both theorical and practical in the subject. Due to his fast management, his accessibility, his way of reasoning and its creativity, the summary's judge of suspension is the judge of breach. Beyond that, are added the judge's preoccupation of teh effects of his intervention and the flexibility of delivered sentences. The judge has won credibility and legitimacy by having a real cukture of emrgency and became a tremendous rival opposite to his homolog on nation-wide or European-wide. Although efficient, summary's judge has more potentialities. The continuity from summary-suspension and his ancestor is real. The system is still imperfect. To solve this, the judge and lawmaker have to stay in alert.

The thesis consists of a business plan draft for the organization of an International Summer Dance School in Prague. This project is a starting point for a broader vision of an international dance institution. The work is based on a theoretical foundation that is needed to create a business plan. It also covers analysis of competition and analysis of the needs of potential customers.

<div><div><div><p>Impacting individual’s social and physical well-being, psychiatric disorders have been a substantial burden on public health. As such disorders are frequently observed aggregating in families, we can expect a large involvement of heritable components underlying their etiologies. Therefore, studying the genetic architecture and basis is one of the most important aims toward developing effective treatments for psychiatric disorders. The overall objective of this dissertation is to contribute to understanding the genetics of psychiatric disorders. Analyzing summary statistics from genomewide association studies (GWAS) of psychiatric disorders, we mainly present results of two projects. In the first one, we evaluated commonalities and distinctions in genetic risk of four highly comorbid childhood onset neuropsychiatric disorders: attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and Tourette’s syndrome (TS). Through systematic analysis of genetic architecture and correlation, we confirmed exitance of genetic components shared across ADHD, ASD and TS, as well as OCD and TS. Subsequently, we identified those components at variant, gene, and tissue specificity levels through meta-analyses. Our results pointed toward possible involvement of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, a human stress response system, in the etiology of these childhood onset disorders. The second project includes the proposition of a novel framework for general GWAS summary statistics-based analyses. Instead of regular odds ratio and standard errors archived in the summary statistics, we proposed a recounstruction approach to rewrite the results in terms of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) allelic and genotypic frequencies. We also put forward three applications built-upon the proposed framework, and evaluated the performance on both synthetic data and real GWAS results of psychiatric disorders for each of them. Through these three applications, we demonstrated that this framework can broaden the scope of GWAS summary statistics-based analyses and unify various of analyses pipelines. We hope our work can serve as a stepping-stone for future researchers aiming at understanding and utilizing GWAS results of complex psychiatric disorders.</p></div></div></div>

This diploma thesis is devoted to the issue of imposing penalties on the pluralistic criminal activity with the focus on the two main types, which are concurrence of crimes and recidivism. The main aim of the thesis is to analyze the means of penalisation of concurrent crimes and recidivism under the current legislation. In order for the analysis of these institutes to be complete, the thesis puts an emphasis on the summarization of the present criminal law theory which is always complemented by the relevant case law. Selected institutes are further compared firstly to the previous czech legislation, secondly to the criminial code of Germany with the objective to underline that both concurrence of crimes and recidivism must be not perceived separetely, but in the context of a local criminal law as a whole, namely with respect to a specific penalty system, a method of their imposition as well as their function. The thesis also refers to some interpretative and applicational problems of some particular provisions related to concurrence of crimes or recidivism. For this reason the thesis contains practical examples to illustratively demonstrate the prior explanation so it might be possibly used for practical application. Furthermore the thesis at least marginally addresses some current topics, which...

This master´s thesis studies qualities of aerated concretes, is monitoring influenece concrete composition, quantity of aerating admixture and plasticized admixture on the durability of concrete. It is monitored especially air flow and his influence on durability on concrete. In theoretical part are explained mechanisms of damage concrete, phenomena, which influence compressive strength of concrete and then there are the results of resistance against the influence of chemical defrosting substances. In experimental work were designed, mixed and tested recipe of concerete. We investigated different atribute, especially resistance of the chemical defrosting and air flow in hardened concrete. The result of master´s thesis is effect of flow air in concrete on the durability.

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For this project I sought to find a more effective means of evaluating academic listening comprehension. This involved doing an in-depth investigation of academic listening, the constructs involved in listening comprehension, and of methods of assessing listening comprehension. It also included a study of the concept of test usefulness (Bachman and Palmer, 1996), which consists of reliability, construct validity, authenticity, interactiveness, impact, and practicality, and is used to help select the most effective methods of assessing language abilities. Based on my review of listening comprehension testing methods, I created a method of assessing academic listening comprehension, Aural Gapped Listening Summaries (AGLS), produced a short version of the AGLS for piloting through BYU's English Language Center and credit exam for matriculated students, and then analyzed the results of this piloting to determine whether future investigation was merited. This project write-up includes a description of the development of the AGLS, the methods of administration, and students' cursory perceptions of the AGLS, as well as the results of the pilot test. The AGLS involved students listening to an excerpt of a lecture followed by an aural summary of that lecture with every 8th word replaced by low-volume static. Then they were asked to type a word or phrase in a box on their computer screens that would best fill in the gap where the static was. Ranks on the AGLS were correlated with a standard listening test, which is administered every semester at Brigham Young University, and with students' individual perceptions of their listening abilities. Results showed that AGLS correlates moderately well with traditional measures of academic listening (r=0.7731) while giving testers interesting information about student interlanguage in very little time. Results further showed that AGLS has a much higher reliability coefficient (r=0.9223) in comparison to the other listening test. Therefore, although traditionally testers have had to write lengthy tests in order to get an adequate representation of students' listening abilities, it may be possible to obtain the necessary information about students' abilities with this more time-efficient measurement tool.

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Concurrent software has been widely utilizing in computer systems owing to the highly efficient computation. However, testing and verifying concurrent software remain challenging tasks. This matter is not only because of the non-deterministic thread interferences which are hard to reason about but also because of the large state space due to the simultaneous path and interleaving explosions. That is, the number of program paths in each thread may be exponential in the number of branch conditions, and also, the number of thread interleavings may be exponential in the number of concurrent operations. This dissertation presents a set of new methods, built upon symbolic execution, a program analysis technique that systematically explores program state space, for testing concurrent programs. By modeling both functional and non-functional properties of the programs as assertions, these new methods efficiently analyze the viable behaviors of the given concurrent programs. The first method is assertion guided symbolic execution, a state space reduction technique that identifies and eliminates redundant executions w.r.t the explored interleavings. The second method is incremental symbolic execution, which generates test inputs only for the influenced program behaviors by the small code changes between two program versions. The third method is SYMPLC, a technique with domain-specific reduction strategies for generating tests for the multitasking Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) programs written in languages specified by the IEC 61131-3 standard. The last method is adversarial symbolic execution, a technique for detecting concurrency related side-channel information leaks by analyzing the cache timing behaviors of a concurrent program in symbolic execution. This dissertation evaluates the proposed methods on a diverse set of both synthesized programs and real-world applications. The experimental results show that these techniques can significantly outperform state-of-the-art symbolic execution tools for concurrent software. / Doctor of Philosophy / Software testing is a technique that runs software as a black-box on computer hardware multiple times, with different inputs per run, to test if the software behavior conforms to the designed functionality by developers. Nowadays, programmers have been increasingly developing multithreaded and multitasking software, e.g., web browser and web server, to utilize the highly efficient multiprocessor hardware. This approach significantly improves the software performance since a large computing job can now decompose to a set of small jobs which can then distribute to concurrently running threads (tasks). However, testing multithreaded (multitask) software is extremely challenging. The most critical problem is the inherent non-determinism. Typically, executing sequential software with the same input data always results in the same output. However, running a multithreaded (multitask) software multiple times, even under the same input data, may yield different output in each run. The root reason is that concurrent threads (tasks) may interleave their running progress at any time; thus the internal software execution order may be altered unexpectedly, causing runtime errors. Meanwhile, finding such faults is difficult, since the number of all possible interleavings can be exponentially growing in the number of concurrent thread (task) operations. This dissertation proposes four methods to test multithreaded/multitask software efficiently. The first method summarizes the already-tested program behaviors to avoid future testing runs that cannot lead to new faults. The second method only tests program behaviors that are impacted by program changes. The third method tests multitask Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) programs by excluding infeasible testing runs w.r.t the PLC semantics. The last method tests non-functional program properties by systematic concurrency analysis. This dissertation evaluates these methods upon a diverse set of benchmarks. The experimental results show that the proposed methods significantly outperform state-of-the-art techniques for concurrent software analysis.

Univ., Diss.--Passau, 2005. / Literaturverz. S. 239 - 253.