Darbe analizuojamos Lietuvos Respublikos baudžiamojo proceso kodekso (LR BPK), XXXI skyriaus, antrame skirsnyje, įtvirtinto pagreitinto proceso instituto problemos. Pirmiausia remiantis Lietuvos ir užsienio moksline literatūra yra supažindinama su sąvokomis: baudžiamasis procesas ir forma. Plačiau analizuojama supaprastinto proceso samprata, jo formos, pagreitinto proceso sąvoka ir samprata. Aptariami pagreitintą procesą įtakoję Vokietijos ir Prancūzijos pagreitinto proceso modeliai bei iki 2003-05-01 Lietuvoje galiojęs sumarinis procesas. Jis lyginamas su pagreitintu procesu, kaip labiausiai nulėmęs pagreitinto proceso taikymo praktiką. Didžiausias dėmesys, žvelgiant per hipotezės „pagreitinto proceso taikymo problemų kilimą praktikoje įtakoja ne tik įstatyminis reguliavimas, bet ir praktikos vienodinimo teisės aktai, taip pat žmonių psichologija ir organizacijų vadyba“ prizmę, skiriamas pagreitinto proceso procedūrai nagrinėti. Analizuojamos ikiteisminio tyrimo ir teisminio nagrinėjimo apylinkės teisme stadijos. Darbe aptariamos teorinės ir praktinės problemos aštriausiais klausimais: normų kolizijos, baudžiamojo proceso principų ir įtariamojo procesinių garantijų užtikrinimo, galimybės nepateikti teismui jokios ikiteisminio tyrimo medžiagos, aiškių nusikaltimo padarymo aplinkybių suvokimo, pagreitinto proceso taikymo sunkiems nusikaltimams, tyrimo termino klausimais. Gvildenamos kitos – vadybinės ir psichologinės problemos, tiesiogiai įtakojančios praktines problemas. / The final Master's paper work analyses problematic aspects of the institute of the accelerated process legitimated in the XXXI chapter of the Lithuania code of criminal procedure. First of all, referring to the Lithuanian and foreign scientific literature the following concepts are introduced: the criminal process and its form. The concept and forms of the simplified process as well as the concept of the accelerated process are analyzed more precisely. The models of the accelerated process in Germany and France and the summary process valid in Lithuania till May 01, 2003 and their influence to the development of the accelerated process are discussed. The summary process is compared to the accelerated process as the most determining feature to the practice of accelerated process. The most attention is paid to the analysis of the procedure of the accelerated process looking in the light of hypothesis “the change of problems of the practical appliance of accelerated process are influenced not only by legal regulation but also by practical regulation as well as human psychology and organizational management”. Stages of pre-trial investigation and trial in the district court are being analyzed. The following sensitive problems are discussed in this paper work: collision of legal norms, the assurance of the principals of criminal process and process guarantees of the suspect, possibility not to present any pre-trial investigation material to the judge, clear perception of... [to full text]

Didėjant įmonių ir šalių inovatyvumui, svarbu tirti inovacijų pokyčius, jų įtaką ekonomikai.Šiame darbe išanalizavus inovacijų teoriją, jų vertinimo indeksus bei pagrindinių inovacijų veiksnių pokyčius, įvertinamas inovacinių veiksnių poveikis suminio inovacijų indekso (SII)kaitai bei atliekama lyginamoji analizė tarp atrinktų Europos sąjungos šalių narių. / In order to maintain growth and stability companies and counties must be innovative, it`s important to reveal to concept of innovation. In this paper, the analysis of innovation theory, the evaluation indexes and main innovation factors, assesses their impact on summary innovation index (SII)change and a comparative analysis among selected European Union Member States.

La documentation des programmes aide les développeurs à mieux comprendre le code source pendant les tâches de maintenance. Toutefois, la documentation n’est pas toujours disponible ou elle peut être de mauvaise qualité. Le recours à la redocumentation s’avère ainsi nécessaire. Dans ce contexte, nous proposons de faire la redocumentation en générant des commentaires par application de techniques de résumé par extraction. Pour mener à bien cette tâche, nous avons commencé par faire une étude empirique pour étudier les aspects quantitatifs et qualitatifs des commentaires. En particulier, nous nous sommes intéressés à l’étude de la distribution des commentaires par rapport aux différents types d’instructions et à la fréquence de documentation de chaque type. Aussi, nous avons proposé une taxonomie de commentaires pour classer les commentaires selon leur contenu et leur qualité. Suite aux résultats de l’étude empirique, nous avons décidé de résumer les classes Java par extraction des commentaires des méthodes/constructeurs. Nous avons défini plusieurs heuristiques pour déterminer les commentaires les plus pertinents à l’extraction. Ensuite, nous avons appliqué ces heuristiques sur les classes Java de trois projets pour en générer les résumés. Enfin, nous avons comparé les résumés produits (les commentaires produits) à des résumés références (les commentaires originaux) en utilisant la métrique ROUGE. / Programs documentation is very useful to programmers during maintenance tasks, especially for program comprehension. However, the documentation is not always available or it may be badly written. In such cases, redocumentation becomes so necessary. In this work, we propose a redocumentation technique that consists in generating comments by using extraction summary techniques. For this purpose, we conducted an empirical study to analyze the quantitave and qualitative aspects of comments. Particularly, we were interested in studying comment distribution over different types of construct and studying the frequency of documentation for each construct type. We propose a comment taxonomy to classify them according to their content and quality. Given the results of the empirical study, we decided to summarize Java classes by extracting the comments of methods and constructors. We defined several heuristics in order to determine the most relevant comments to be extracted. After that, we applied these heuristics to Java classes from three projects in order to generate summaries. Finally, we compared the generated summaries (generated comments) to the reference ones (original comments) by using the metric ROUGE.

In scientific applications, physical quantities and units of measurement are used regularly. If the inherent incompatibility between these different units is not handled properly it can lead to major, and sometimes catastrophic, problems. Although the risk of a miscalculation is high and the cost equally so, almost no programming languages has support for physical quantities. Instead developers often rely on external libraries to help them spot these mistakes or prevent them all together. There are several hundred of these types of libraries, spread across multiple sites and with no simple way to get an overview. No one has summarized what has and has not been achieved so far in the area leading to many developers trying to ‘reinvent the wheel’ instead of building on what has already been done. This shows a clear need for this type of research. Employing a systematic approach to look through and analyze all available physical quantity libraries, the search results were condensed into 82 libraries which are presented in this thesis. These are the most comprehensive and well-developed, open-source libraries, chosen from approximately 3700 search results across seven repository hosting sites. In this group, 30 different programming languages are represented. The goal is for the results of this thesis to contribute to a shared foundation on which to build future libraries as well as provide an easy way of spreading knowledge about which libraries exist in the area, thus making it easier for more people to use them.

The professional world, as well as, the single employee faces multiple challenges in daily routine. To improve individual health along with the whole organization, interventions are conducted. However, a summary of requirements for successful initiatives are not existing. The study describes a Group Concept Mapping approach with multinational and multidisciplinary experts in the area of organizational development. From 112 single requirements for successful interventions, finally the following 15 clusters are identified, which function as a framework for the implementation of interventions: (1) Context alignment/intervention fit, (2) Continual modification, (3) Assessment (situation & risk)/ recurrent, (4) Planning/structural change processes, (5) Active collaboration from different stakeholders, (6) Transparent communication, (7) Pay attention to participants, (8) Leadership, (9) Supportive climate for learning, (10) Persistence/ complexity, (11) Point of departure/prerequisite, (12) Impact (what kind & monitoring), (13) Perceived value, (14) Variation and (15) Single Statements.  The provided knowledge can be used by practitioners -especially consultants -in the process of planning, conducting and evaluating a successful initiative.

Processos estocásticos complexos são muitas vezes utilizados em modelagem, com o intuito de capturar uma maior proporção das principais características dos sistemas biológicos. A descrição do comportamento desses sistemas tem sido realizada por muitos amostradores baseados na distribuição a posteriori de Monte Carlo. Modelos probabilísticos que descrevem esses processos podem levar a funções de verossimilhança computacionalmente intratáveis, impossibilitando a utilização de métodos de inferência estatística clássicos e os baseados em amostragem por meio de MCMC. A Computação Bayesiana Aproximada (ABC) é considerada um novo método de inferência com base em estatísticas de resumo, ou seja, valores calculados a partir do conjunto de dados (média, moda, variância, etc.). Essa metodologia combina muitas das vantagens da eficiência computacional de processos baseados em estatísticas de resumo com inferência estatística bayesiana uma vez que, funciona bem para pequenas amostras e possibilita incorporar informações passadas em um parâmetro e formar uma priori para análise futura. Nesse trabalho foi realizada uma comparação entre os métodos de estimação, clássico, bayesiano e ABC, para estudos de simulação de modelos simples e para análise de dados de dinâmica populacional. Foram implementadas no software R as distâncias modular e do máximo como alternativas de função distância a serem utilizadas no ABC, além do algoritmo ABC de rejeição para equações diferenciais estocásticas. Foi proposto sua utilização para a resolução de problemas envolvendo modelos de interação populacional. Os estudos de simulação mostraram melhores resultados quando utilizadas as distâncias euclidianas e do máximo juntamente com distribuições a priori informativas. Para os sistemas dinâmicos, a estimação por meio do ABC apresentou resultados mais próximos dos verdadeiros bem como menores discrepâncias, podendo assim ser utilizado como um método alternativo de estimação. / Complex stochastic processes are often used in modeling in order to capture a greater proportion of the main features of natural systems. The description of the behavior of these systems has been made by many Monte Carlo based samplers of the posterior distribution. Probabilistic models describing these processes can lead to computationally intractable likelihood functions, precluding the use of classical statistical inference methods and those based on sampling by MCMC. The Approxi- mate Bayesian Computation (ABC) is considered a new method for inference based on summary statistics, that is, calculated values from the data set (mean, mode, variance, etc.). This methodology combines many of the advantages of computatio- nal efficiency of processes based on summary statistics with the Bayesian statistical inference since, it works well for small samples and it makes possible to incorporate past information in a parameter and form a prior distribution for future analysis. In this work a comparison between, classical, Bayesian and ABC, estimation methods was made for simulation studies considering simple models and for data analysis of population dynamics. It was implemented in the R software the modular and maxi- mum as alternative distances function to be used in the ABC, besides the rejection ABC algorithm for stochastic differential equations. It was proposed to use it to solve problems involving models of population interaction. The simulation studies showed better results when using the Euclidean and maximum distances together with informative prior distributions. For the dynamic systems, the ABC estimation presented results closer to the real ones as well as smaller discrepancies and could thus be used as an alternative estimation method.

Submitted by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2018-07-06T14:07:17Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_Biolange_Oliveira_Piegas.pdf: 1639886 bytes, checksum: 055f2d34439f247eec886bac24570fc8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2018-07-11T11:45:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertacao_Biolange_Oliveira_Piegas.pdf: 1639886 bytes, checksum: 055f2d34439f247eec886bac24570fc8 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-11T11:45:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertacao_Biolange_Oliveira_Piegas.pdf: 1639886 bytes, checksum: 055f2d34439f247eec886bac24570fc8 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / A produção de resumos é uma estratégia didática bastante solicitada no meio acadêmico e observa-se que muitos estudantes apresentam dificuldades na construção desse gênero textual. Para Machado, Lousada e Abreu-Tardelli (2008), saber resumir é uma tarefa que requer reflexão sobre o texto original, o que exige articulação entre as ideias abordadas, para identificar e selecionar as informações relevantes, buscando manter a essência do conteúdo expresso no texto-fonte. O objetivo desta pesquisa é refletir sobre as dificuldades encontradas na produção de resumos, a partir de textos elaborados por licenciandos de um Curso de Letras/Espanhol a distância, solicitados em uma das disciplinas de Produção de Leitura e Escrita de Língua Portuguesa. Nesse contexto, fizemos um recorte, selecionando dezoito dos textos que constituem o arquivo de nossa pesquisa. A abordagem metodológica centra-se no texto como um todo, na busca de marcas textuais, linguísticas e discursivas que caracterizam o gênero resumo. Fundamentamos nossa investigação na perspectiva discursiva bakhtiniana (1997) e na releitura sociodiscursiva que Bronckart (2012) faz dos estudos desse autor. Também consideramos o caráter dialógico dos resumos, uma vez que o aluno-autor realiza uma conversa com o texto-base, produzindo uma ação responsiva (dialógica) para o professor-leitor, que solicitou a atividade. Trazemos ainda os linguistas Platão (1990; 1996); Travaglia (1990; 1998); Fávero (1991); Fiorin (1996; 2006); Marcuschi (2001; 2002); Therezo (2001); Matencio (2002) e Koch (2006; 2011), cujos estudos acerca do texto foram fundamentais às nossas análises. Definimos cinco critérios para analisar os resumos selecionados, a saber: identificar as principais ideias do texto-fonte; observar a autoria do resumidor na produção do resumo; referenciar o autor do texto-fonte; elaborar o resumo de forma coesa e coerente; apresentar um texto conciso. Os resultados demonstram que, de um modo geral, os dezoito resumos analisados conservaram tanto a estrutura composicional quanto o tema abordado no texto-base. No entanto, não apresentaram as características básicas do gênero resumo. Conforme observamos, a maior dificuldade reside na identificação das ideias principais do texto-fonte. Considerando o critério de redação própria, verificamos que dentre os dezoito resumos, somente cinco não apresentaram cópia literal do texto-fonte. Além disso, não conseguiram fazer, de forma adequada, o gerenciamento das vozes presentes no texto-fonte. No tocante à coesão e coerência, os resumos apresentaram poucos elementos coesivos que tenham sido inseridos pelos resumidores, já que a maior parte foi copiada do texto-base. Por último, identificamos que o critério de concisão, dentre os cinco que elencamos, foi melhor observado pelos acadêmicos. Dessa forma, com base nas identificações que fizemos, acreditamos que um dos caminhos possíveis para dirimir as dificuldades apontadas seja o investimento sistemático em projetos voltados ao ensino dos gêneros textuais, a começar pelo gênero resumo, cuja apropriação possibilitará a construção de textos com mais qualidade. / Summarizing is a requested didactic activity in the academic environment, however, it is observed that many students present difficulties developing this textual genre. According to Machado et al. (2008), knowing how to summarize is a task that demands reflection on the original text, which requires linkage between ideas in order to identify and select the most relevant information to maintain the essence of the content expressed in the source. Accordingly, the aim of the present study was to reflect on the difficulties encountered in the production of summaries from texts written by graduates of a Spanish Distance Education Language Course, requested in one of their disciplines called Portuguese Language’s Reading and Writing. In this context, eighteen texts were selected, which form our object of study. The methodological approach focused on the text as a whole, searching for textual, linguistic and discursive marks that typify a summary. We based our analysis on Bakhtin's (1997) discursive perspective and on the socio-discursive reinterpretation that Bronckart (2012) proposed based to Bakhtin’s studies. We also considered the dialogical aspect of such summaries, since the student-author makes a conversation with the original text, producing a responsive (dialogic) action for the teacher-reader, who requested the activity. In addition to that, we mentioned the linguists Platon (1990; 1996); Travaglia (1990; 1998); Fávero (1991); Fiorin (1996; 2006); Marcuschi (2001; 2002); Therezo (2001); Matencio (2002) and Koch (2006; 2011), whose studies on the subject were fundamental to our research. Five criteria were defined to analyze the selected summaries, namely: identification of the main ideas of the original text; student’s authorship in the production of the summary; reference to the original author; summary’s cohesive and coherent preparation; concise text writing. The results show that, in general, the eighteen summaries analyzed have retained both the compositional structure and the theme addressed in the base text. However, they did not present the basic characteristics of this textual genre. As noted, the greatest difficulty lies in identifying the main ideas of the source text. Considering the own writing criteria, we verified that among the eighteen abstracts, only five did not present a literal copy of the source text. In addition, they were not able to adequately manage the voices present in the source text. With regard to cohesion and coherence, summaries presented few cohesive elements that have been entered by summarizers, since most of it was copied from the text-based. Finally, we identified that the criterion of concision, among the five that have been listed, was better observed by the academics. Thus, based on the identifications we have made, we believe that one of the possible ways to solve the difficulties mentioned is the systematic investment in projects aimed at the teaching of textual genres, starting with the summary genre, whose appropriation will enable the construction of texts with higher quality.

O escopo deste trabalho é analisar a tutela jurisdicional diferenciada, suas caracteríticas, limitações e utilizá-la como uma das soluções para a morosidade do Poder Judiciário. Para isso, investigaremos o próprio conceito de tutela jurisdicional, fazendo uma análise histórica e chegando ao conceito atual. Após, estudaremos cada um dos tipos específicos de tutela jurisdicional diferenciada, examinando suas peculiaridades e problemática. Nesse capítulo estudaremos a tutela cautelar, antecipada e a de evidência (grande novidade incluída no projeto do novo Código de Processo Civil). Também estudaremos outras medidas de cognição sumária, apesar de esses outros tipos não apresentarem qualquer problema para se estabilizarem. No capítulo 3 trataremos das características específicas da tutela jurisdicional diferenciada, principalmente da sumariedade na cognição, requisito essencial para esse tipo de tutela. Em seguida, serão examinados os princípios constitucionais-processuais, como o devido processo legal e o princípio da igualdade e de como achar um equilíbrio entre a eficiência exigida pelo Estado e a duração razoável do processo, dever do Poder Judiciário e garantia dos jurisdicionados. A questão da coisa julgada, da sucumbência e da fundamentação da decisão serão trabalhadas no capítulo 5. Pretendemos demonstrar nesse capítulo de como é possível outorgar força de coisa julgada para as decisões de cognição sumária, e não apenas a preclusão endoprocessual como prevista no projeto de novo Código de Processo Civil. Por fim, analisamos as propostas legislativas já apresentadas pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Direito Processual e o projeto de novo Código de Processo Civil. Ao longo do trabalho foram analisados a doutrina nacional e estudos de outros países, investigados a aceitação desses institutos e a recepção pelo Poder Judiciário, pelos advogados e pelos jurisdicionados. / The scope of this work is to analyze the non-ordinary court protection, their characters, and limitations and to find a way to use it as one of the solutions to the slow pace of the Judiciary branch. For this, we investigate the concept of court protection, making an historical analysis up to the present concept. After this, we study each of the specific types of non-ordinary court protection, examining their peculiarities and their problems. In this chapter we study provisional proceedings, evidence court protection (a new institute included in the project Code of Civil Procedure). We also study other non-ordinary proceedings. In chapter 3 we study the specific characteristics of the non-ordinary court protection, mostly the summary cognition, an essential requirement. Furthermore, we analyze the constitutional procedural principles, like due process of law, the principle of equality; and find a balance between efficiency and reasonable length of the proceedings, which is duty of the Judiciary branch and a guarantee of the population. We also analyze the res judicata, loss of suit and opinion in chapter 5. In this chapter, we want to demonstrate the possibility of granting res judicata to non-ordinary court protection and not only to the preclusion of the process. Ultimately, we analyze the legal proposes already presented by Instituto Brasileiro de Direito Processual and the project of a new Code of Civil Procedure. In this work, we also study national doctrine and foreign legal writing. We investigate these new institutes, mostly the evidence court protection and the reception by the Judiciary branch, both from lawyers and the population.

Företaget Widespace hanterar hundratals ärenden i veckan vilket kräver stor överblick för varje an-ställd att sätta sig in i varje enskilt ärende. På grund av denna kvantitet blir uppgiften att skapa över-blicken ett stort problem. För att lösa detta problem krävs en mer konsekvent användning av meta-data och därför har en litteraturstudie om metadata, automatiserad sammanfattning och nyckelords-generering utförts. Arbetet gick ut på att utveckla en prototyp som automatisk kan generera en sammanfattning av texten från ett ärende, samt generera en lista av nyckelord och ge en indikation om vilket språk texten är skriven i. Det ingick också i arbetet att göra en undersökning av tidigare arbeten för att se vilka system och metoder som kan användas för att lösa denna uppgift. Två egenutvecklade prototyper, MkOne och MkTwo, jämfördes med varandra och utvärderades därefter. Metoderna som använts bygger på både statistiska och lingvistiska processer. En analys av resultaten gjordes och visade att prototypen MkOne levererade bäst resultat för sammanfattningen och att nyckelordlistan tillhandahöll nyckelord av hög precision och en bred täckning. / The company Widespace handles hundreds of tasks (tickets) per week, which requires great overview by each employee. Because of this quantity, creating a clear view becomes a major problem. To solve this problem, a more consistent use of metadata is required, therefore, a study of metadata, automated summary and key words generation has been performed. The task was to develop a prototype that can automatically generate a summary, a list of keywords and give an indication of what language the text is written in. It was also included in the work to make a survey of earlier works to see which systems and methods that can be used for this task. Two prototypes were developed, compared with each other and evaluated. The methods used were based on both statistical and linguistic processes. Analysis of the results was done and showed that the prototype MkOne delivered the best results for the summary. The keyword list contained many precise keywords with high precision and a wide coverage.

The problem of this study was to test and compare the impact of two alternative educational treatments on the rate of success among high-risk students enrolled in the United States History telecourse at Richland College, DCCCD during the Spring Semester of 1980. The purposes of the study were to determine whether 1. The rate of success, that is, the proportion of students completing the course with a grade of "C" or higher, would increase among high-risk students in either experimental group; 2. The rate of success would increase among high-risk students with poor reading skills in either experimental group; 3. The rate of success would increase among high-risk students with poor academic motivation for telecourses in either experimental group; 4. The rate of success would increase among high-risk students when related to the demographic variables used as predictors and collected for the students who were in either experimental group; 5. There would be a difference in the effects of experimental treatment I and experimental treatment II in helping students with poor reading skills to complete the course with a grade of "C" or higher; 6. There would be a difference in the effects of experimental treatment I and experimental treatment II in aiding students with different levels and types of motivation to complete the course with a grade of "C" or higher; 7. There would be a difference in the effects of experimental treatment I and experimental treatment II in helping students with the various demographic characteristics used in the prediction equation to complete the course with a grade of "C" or higher.