The purpose of my thesis is to analyze the legal regulation of the public law contract on realization of the structure, which can be concluded under the Section 116 of the Building Act with the approval of the respective authorities between the building office and the developer and the summary building permit proceedings under the Section 117 of the Building Act, which consists in a concluded contract on making a check of the design documentation for the structure between the developer and an authorized inspector. The main aim of the reform of public administration is among others to democratize and more privatize the building permit proceeding and create the alternatives to the classical building permit proceeding. These alternatives are above mentioned the public law contract on realization of the structure and the summary building permit proceedings. The both institutes are capable to replace the building permit. The other purpose of my thesis is to point out shortcomings in the current legislation in connection with the proposed amendment to the Building Act. The thesis is composed of two extensive chapters, each of them dealing with different alternatives to the classical building proceeding. Chapter One deals with the public law contract on realization of the structure and with the connected...

<p>There are several traditions of conceptualizing and measuring harm from drinking. Two main approaches are considered in the introduction – the psychiatric epidemiology and the social survey research traditions. The present thesis adopts the latter, although, as discussed, on the empirical level there is no sharp borderline between the two perspectives, as there is not between personal (i.e. physical and psychological) and social harm from drinking as such. But while methods for studying personal harm are fairly well developed, social harm, i.e. adverse consequences of alcohol that involve social interaction, has received less attention. One of the aims of the thesis has been to explore different dimensions of harm from drinking, identify different harm areas and develop and apply area-specific measures using general population survey data.</p><p>Two papers examine psychometric properties of a widely used screening instrument, the AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test). While the first paper is concerned with the validity of the AUDIT, testing it against different criteria, the second paper focuses on the test-retest reliability of the instrument. In the third paper, a number of summary measures of different areas of alcohol-related harm are constructed using factor analysis. These measures are then, in the last paper, applied to estimate prevalence and risk of alcohol-related harm in the Swedish general population. The analyses are based on data from a national survey on drinking problems in Sweden collected in 2001-2002.</p><p>It is concluded that the AUDIT screens well for both impaired self-control and social harm from drinking (as well as for high volume drinking), but performs less well when screening for health problems. The test-retest reliability of the AUDIT is relatively high. In the other two papers, constructing new summary measures and applying them to estimate prevalence of harm, it is concluded that, except for being young, no particular sociodemographic risk groups can be identified for different areas of harm from the same level and pattern of drinking. To what extent this reflects reality or is an effect of the methods we use and kind of population we reach in surveys is discussed.</p>

There are several traditions of conceptualizing and measuring harm from drinking. Two main approaches are considered in the introduction – the psychiatric epidemiology and the social survey research traditions. The present thesis adopts the latter, although, as discussed, on the empirical level there is no sharp borderline between the two perspectives, as there is not between personal (i.e. physical and psychological) and social harm from drinking as such. But while methods for studying personal harm are fairly well developed, social harm, i.e. adverse consequences of alcohol that involve social interaction, has received less attention. One of the aims of the thesis has been to explore different dimensions of harm from drinking, identify different harm areas and develop and apply area-specific measures using general population survey data. Two papers examine psychometric properties of a widely used screening instrument, the AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test). While the first paper is concerned with the validity of the AUDIT, testing it against different criteria, the second paper focuses on the test-retest reliability of the instrument. In the third paper, a number of summary measures of different areas of alcohol-related harm are constructed using factor analysis. These measures are then, in the last paper, applied to estimate prevalence and risk of alcohol-related harm in the Swedish general population. The analyses are based on data from a national survey on drinking problems in Sweden collected in 2001-2002. It is concluded that the AUDIT screens well for both impaired self-control and social harm from drinking (as well as for high volume drinking), but performs less well when screening for health problems. The test-retest reliability of the AUDIT is relatively high. In the other two papers, constructing new summary measures and applying them to estimate prevalence of harm, it is concluded that, except for being young, no particular sociodemographic risk groups can be identified for different areas of harm from the same level and pattern of drinking. To what extent this reflects reality or is an effect of the methods we use and kind of population we reach in surveys is discussed.

The thesis deals with epigraphical monuments of central city of České Budějovice up to 1900 and at the same time it tries to acquaint with the history of the city with the intention to medieval times and with its system of fortification. The thesis is divided to nine chapters. The history of medieval city of České Budějovice is described in the first chapter. The second chapter deals with city fortifications from its beginning to the present. The third chapter brings a summary of studies which deal with making accessible of the epigraphical monuments. The fourth chapter is about territory which determines the catalogue accessed area. Detailed catalogue principles which are used in the epigraphical catalogue, structure of particular catalogue records and classification of the epigraphical material are presented in next chapters of the thesis. The eighth chapter is the main part of this work. The catalogue brings 127 epigraphical inscriptions, both extant up to the present and also not extant which are situated in the determinate area. Last chapter contains indices which should make work with the catalogue easier. The conclusion summarizes the gained findings. List of sources and bibliography follow. The appendices conclude the thesis.

La médiation est devenue un moyen privilégié pour régler des nombreux conflits, notamment ceux en rapport avec le commerce, et plus particulièrement avec le commerce international. Sur le plan national, les parties en conflit préfèrent souvent ce moyen pour régler leur conflit à chaque fois que la loi ne s’y oppose pas. Ceci est dû à plusieurs raisons dont la plus importante est liée à la lenteur de la justice. Sur le plan international, des nombreux pays, notamment ceux en voie de développement, ne sont en mesure d’attirer des investissements des capitaux étrangers que s’ils considèrent la médiation comme moyen de règlement des conflits. L’avantage de ce moyen réside dans le fait que la médiation est rapide, simple et permet au justiciable d’obtenir ses droits de façon aisée. Ces caractéristiques de la médiation restent valables du point de vue théorique. Mais en pratique, les choses sont plus compliquées et peuvent gêner le déroulement de l’arbitrage, par exemple. Prenons en exemple les conflits civils dont le règlement nécessite souvent la mise en œuvre de certaines actions qui conduisent effectivement à la solution du conflit en question. Cette initiative de mise en œuvre de l’action n’ est pas réservée aux parties de conflits . Mais, l’organisme habilité à résoudre le conflit peut également prendre cette initiative seul, ou à la demande d’une de deux parties . Ces mesures et actions décidées par un tribunal ou par une médiation représentent le facteur temps dans le règlement des conflits. C’est à ce moment-là que peuvent apparaître les difficultés qui sont en rapport soit avec le déroulement du conflit lui- même, soit avec l’exécution du jugement prononcé. Ce moyen pour régler les conflits mérite bien d’être privilégié car, d’une part il peut effectivement mettre fin au conflit et d’autre part il peut avoir les mêmes forces que le jugement d’un tribunal. Pour ces raisons, les protagonistes le préfèrent. Nous avons donc choisi ce sujet du facteur temps dans la médiation pour les raisons suivantes : *illustrer le facteur temps dans la médiation puisqu’il s’agit d’un élément indissociable du sujet du conflit qui fait l’objet de la médiation même ; *Définir la partie qui a en charge le règlement de ce genre de conflits suivant les règles juridiques de références et explorer la complétude de ces règles pour pouvoir ensuite dire dans quelle direction doit être dirigé le règlement du conflit : vers la médiation ou vers la justice ? / Mediation has become a preferred way to resolve many conflicts, including those related to international trade. Nationally, the conflicting party often prefer this method to resolve their dispute whenever the law requires otherwise pas.Ceci is due to several reasons, the most important being the slow pace of justice. Internationally, many countries, particularly those in developing countries, are able to benefit from investments of foreign capital that they consider mediation as a dispute resolution means .l'avantage this means is that that mediation is a fast, simple and allows litigants to obtain their rights easily. These characteristics of mediation are still valid théorique.Mais perspective in practice, things are more complicated and may interfere with the conduct of mediation if, in his objet.Prenons example civil conflict whose resolution often requires implementation certain actions that actually lead to the solution of the conflict in question. This initiative implementation of the action is not limited to parts of conflits.Mais, the body authorized to resolve the conflict can also take this one initiative or at the request of one of two parts. These measures and actions decided by a court or mediation are the time factor in conflict resolution. It was at this time that may appear difficulties are related either the conduct of the conflict itself Even either the conduct of the implementation of the judgment delivered.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:44:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 979072 bytes, checksum: 11a834e10785bf2d413df750a8f4d275 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-04-01 / This study is grounded in assumptions of Applied Linguistics, Textual Linguistics, and Retextualization Process and Genres for its development. This research took place at the Federal University of Viçosa and its general goal was to analyze the influence of the genre scheme in the elaboration of the academic abstract. For that, we attempted to (i) verify the comprehension of the source text through the analysis of the comprehension questionnaires produced by the students of LET 102 Reading and Producing Texts I and LET 104 Reading and Producing Textual Academic Producing Workshop; (ii) describe how the students of both classes retextualize the opinion article in a initial abstract, as well as analyzing if there was change on the final abstract in relation to the authorship; (iii) analyze the schemes produced by the students of LET 102 as satisfactory or non satisfactory; (iv) compare the differences between the final abstracts produced by both classes taking in consideration the level of informativity and the occurrence, and (v) reflect on the influence of the genre scheme in the elaboration of the final abstract from the students of LET 102, as well as evaluate if the absence of the scheme brought any damage to the final production of the students of LET 104.As a result from analyses of comprehension questionary, the participants of both showed satisfactory and near which made it able to continue the research development. The authorial analyses presence showed one considerable evolution of the initial abstract to the final abstract as a result of the discussion in class. After these analyses, we evaluated the scheme performance filled by the LET 102 participants and they presented satisfactory performance in this stage. We did not find any abstracts with high informative, so it means that the writers synthesize most of the parts of the information presented on the text. Comparing the two classes, the presented values showed us that there was not one positive influence using the scheme genre in the academic abstract production, since the final production of the LET 102 participants did not showed better performance than the ones who did not use the schema in their retextualization. / Este estudo se ancora nos pressupostos da Linguística Aplicada, Linguística Textual, Processo de Retextualização e Gêneros para o seu desenvolvimento. Essa pesquisa desenvolveu-se na Universidade Federal de Viçosa e como objetivo geral, buscouanalisar a influência do gênero esquema na elaboração do resumo acadêmico. Para tanto, buscou-se: (i) verificar a compreensão do texto-fonte através da análise dos questionários de compreensão produzidos pelos alunos de LET 102 Leitura e Produção de Textos I e LET 104 Oficina de Leitura e Produção de Gêneros Textuais Acadêmicos; (ii) descrever como os alunos de ambas as turmas retextualizaram o artigo de opinião em um resumo inicial, bem como analisar se houve modificação para o resumo final com relação à noção de autoria; (iii) analisar os esquemas produzidos pelos alunos de LET 102 como satisfatórios ou não satisfatórios (iv) comparar as diferenças entre os resumos finais produzidos pelas duas turmas levando em consideração o grau de informatividade e a coerência e (vi) refletir sobre a influência do gênero esquema na elaboração do resumo final dos alunos de LET 102, bem como avaliar se a ausência do esquema trouxe algum prejuízo à produção final dos alunos de LET 104. Como resultado da análise dos questionários de compreensão, os participantes de ambas apresentaram médias satisfatórias e próximas o que habilitou a continuação do desenvolvimento da pesquisa. A análise da presença de autoria mostrou uma evolução considerável dos resumos iniciais para os finais, como fruto das discussões em sala de aula. Feita essa análise, avaliamos o desempenho dos esquemas preenchidos pelos participantes de LET 102 e apresentaram um desemprenho satisfatório nessa etapa. Em nenhuma das duas turmas encontramos resumos com alta informatividade, o que indica que o sujeito resumidor sintetiza a maior parte das informações apresentadas no texto. Comparando as duas turmas, os valores apresentados nos mostraram que não houve uma influência positiva da utilização do gênero esquema na produção do resumo acadêmico, ixposto que as produções finais dos participantes de LET 102 não apresentaram um maior desempenho do que aqueles que não utilizaram o esquema em suas retextualizações.

Les technologies multimédias ont récemment connues une grande évolution surtout avec la croissance rapide d'internet ainsi que la création quotidienne de grands volumes de données vidéos. Tout ceci nécessite de nouvelles méthodes performantes permettant d'indexer, de naviguer, de rechercher et de consulter les informations stockées dans de grandes bases de données multimédia. La récupération de données basée sur le contenu vidéo, qui est devenue un domaine de recherche très actif durant cette décennie, regroupe les différentes techniques conçues pour le traitement de la vidéo. Dans le cadre de cette thèse de doctorat, nous présentons des applications permettant la segmentation temporelle d'une vidéo ainsi que la récupération d'information pertinente dans une séquence vidéo. Une fois le processus de classification effectué, il devient possible de rechercher l'information utile en ajoutant de nouveaux critères, et aussi de visualiser l'information d'une manière appropriée permettant d'optimiser le temps et la mémoire. Dans une séquence vidéo, le plan est considéré comme l'unité élémentaire de la vidéo. Un plan est défini comme une suite d'image capturée par une même caméra représentant une action dans le temps. Pour composer une vidéo, plusieurs plans sont regroupés en utilisant des séquences de transitions. Ces transitions se catégorisent en transitions brusques et transitions progressives. Détecter les transitions présentes dans une séquence vidéo a fait l'objet de nos premières recherches. Plusieurs techniques, basées sur différents modèles mathématiques, ont été élaborées pour la détection des changements de plans. L'utilisation de la décomposition en valeur singulière (SVD) ains que la norme Frobenius ont permis d'obtenir des résultats précis en un temps de calcul réduit. Le résumé automatique des séquences vidéo est actuellement un sujet d'une très grande actualité. Comme son nom l'indique, il s'agit d'une version courte de la vidéo qui doit contenir l'essentiel de l'information, tout en étant le plus concis possible. Ils existent deux grandes familles de résumé : le résumé statique et le résumé dynamique. Sélectionner une image représentative de chaque plan permet de créer un scénarimage. Ceci est considéré comme étant un résumé statique et local. Dans notre travail, une méthode de résumé globale est proposée. / With the recent advancement in multimedia technologies, in conjunction with the rapid increase of the volume of digital video data and the growth of internet ; it has becom mandatory to have the hability browse and search through information stored in large multimedia databases. For this purpose, content based video retrieval (CBVR) has become an active area of research durinf the last decade. The objective of this thesis is to present applications for temporal video segmentation and video retrieval based on different mathematical models. A shot is considered as the elementary unit of a video, and is defined as a continuous sequence of frames taken from a single camera, representing an action during time. The different types of transitions that may occur in a video sequence are categorized into : abrupt and gradual transition. In this work, through statistical analysis, we segment a video into its constituent units. This is achieved by identifying transitions between adjacent shots. The first proposed algorithm aims to detect abrupt shot transitions only by measuring the similarity between consecutive frames. Given the size of the vector containing distances, it can be modeled by a log normal distribution since all the values are positive. Gradual shot transition identification is a more difficult task when compared to cut detection. Generally, a gradual transition may share similar characteristics as a dynamic segment with camera or object motion. In this work, singular value decomposition (SVD) is performed to project features from the spatial domain to the singular space. Resulting features are reduced and more refined, which makes the remaining tasks easier. The proposed system, designed for detecting both abrupt and gradual transitions, has lead to reliable performances achieving high detection rates. In addition, the acceptable computational time allows to process in real time. Once a video is partitioned into its elementary units, high-level applications can be processed, such as the key-frame extraction. Selecting representative frames from each shot to form a storyboard is considered as a static and local video summarization. In our research, we opted for a global method based on local extraction. Using refined centrist features from the singular space, we select representative frames using modified k-means clustering based on important scenes. This leads to catch pertinent frames without redoudancy in the final storyboard.

Software quality has become and persistently remains a big issue among software users and developers. So, the importance of software evaluation cannot be overemphasized. An accepted fact in software engineering is that software must undergo evaluation process during development to ascertain and improve its quality level. In fact, there are too many techniques than a single developer could master, yet, it is impossible to be certain that software is free of defects. Therefore, it may not be realistic or cost effective to remove all software defects prior to product release. So, it is crucial for developers to be able to choose from available evaluation techniques, the one most suitable and likely to yield optimum quality results for different products - it bogs down to choosing the most appropriate for different situations. However, not much knowledge is available on the strengths and weaknesses of the available evaluation techniques. Most of the information related to the techniques available is focused on how to apply the techniques but not on the applicability conditions of the techniques – practical information, suitability, strengths, weaknesses etc. This research focuses on contributing to the available applicability knowledge of software evaluation techniques. More precisely, it focuses on code reading by stepwise abstraction as representative of the static technique, as well as equivalence partitioning (functional technique) and decision coverage (structural technique) as representatives of the dynamic technique. The specific focus of the research is to summarize the results of a series of experiments conducted to investigate the effectiveness of these techniques among other factors. By effectiveness in this research, we mean the potential of each of the techniques to generate test cases capable of revealing software faults in the case of the dynamic techniques or the ability of the static technique to generate abstractions that will aid the detection of faults. The experiments used two versions of three different programs with seven different faults seeded into each of the programs. This work uses the results of the eight different experiments performed and analyzed separately, to explore this fact. The analysis results were pooled together and jointly summarized in this research to extract a common knowledge from the experiments using a qualitative deduction approach created in this work as it was decided not to use formal aggregation at this stage. Since the experiments were performed by different researchers, in different years and in some cases at different site, there were several problems that have to be tackled in order to be able to summarize the results. Part of the problems is the fact that the data files exist in different languages, the structure of the files are different, different names is used for data fields, the analysis were done using different confidence level etc. The first step, taken at the inception of this research was to apply all the techniques to the programs used during the experiments in order to detect the faults. This purpose of this personal experience with the experiment is to be familiarized and get acquainted to the faults, failures, the programs and the experiment situations in general and also, to better understand the data as recorded from the experiments. Afterwards, the data files were recreated to conform to a uniform language, data meaning, file style and structure. A well structured directory was created to keep all the data, analysis and experiment files for all the experiments in the series. These steps paved the way for a feasible results synthesis. Using our method, the technique, program, fault, program – technique, program – fault and technique – fault were selected as main and interaction effects having significant knowledge relevant to the analysis summary result. The result, as reported in this thesis, indicated that the functional technique and the structural technique are equally effective as far as the programs and faults in these experiments are concerned. Both perform better than the code review. Also, the analysis revealed that the effectiveness of the techniques is influenced by the fault type and the program type. Some faults were found to exhibit better behavior with certain programs, some were better detected with certain techniques and even the techniques yield different result in different programs. / I can alternatively be contacted through: qasimbabatunde@yahoo.co.uk

The natural world provides sensory systems with noisy and ambiguous information, which is often transformed into a more stable categorical percept. This thesis aims to investigate the nature of the neural representations in the visual system that support this transformation. To do so, we will employ a behavioural task that requires participants to average several independent sources of perceptual information. This task allows for the dissociation of two theoretically orthogonal sources of decision uncertainty: the mean distance of the perceptual information from a category boundary and the variability of the evidence under consideration. Behaviourally, both decreasing the mean distance to bound of information and increasing information variability are associated with increased errors and prolonged response times. We will present a computational model that can account for the independent behavioural effects of these two sources of uncertainty by assuming that categorical decisions are made on the basis of a probabilistic transformation of perceptual evidence. BOLD measurements demonstrate that these effects of mean and variability are supported by a partially dissociable network of brain regions. Electroencephalography demonstrates the differential influence of mean and variance in the pre- and post-decision period. Furthermore, we show that there is adaptation at the level of the perceptual representation to the information variance. Not only does this show that the visual system must represent information at the summary level, in addition to individual feature-based representation, but it also suggests that the costs associated with this form of perceptual uncertainty can be largely mitigated by the adoption of a more suitable representational range.

The diploma thesis deals with assessing financial situation of the company MERLINPLUS spol. s r.o. The thesis includes indexes of financial analysis which are expressed by using time series. If the time series has a specific development trend, the data are aligned with the help of regression analysis and a prediction is set for the following two periods.