Orientador: Antonio Batocchio / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia mecanica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T04:57:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Moretti_DiegodeCarvalho_M.pdf: 1731027 bytes, checksum: 9abe1ce34af09c8feed9a288b9464c7b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: A concorrência cada vez mais acirrada, efeito principalmente ocasionado pela globalização, tem forçado as empresas a buscarem melhores práticas de atuação no mercado para garantirem a sobrevivência ao longo prazo. Por isso, neste trabalho procurou-se aplicar ferramentas para melhor gerenciamento do estoque de uma operadora logística situada na região de Campinas (SP) que presta serviço para uma grande multinacional também da região. Aplicouse técnicas de previsão de demanda na tentativa de compreender a demanda futura visando uma melhor programação da produção para a operadora logística. Devido ao fato de tratar-se de uma demanda altamente irregular, evidenciou-se que os métodos de previsão aplicados (Média Móvel, Suavização Exponencial Simples e Suavização Exponencial de Holt) não representam a melhor forma para gerenciar a produção e os estoques na empresa estudo de caso deste trabalho. Por isso, foi aplicada a metodologia de revisão contínua do estoque como forma de melhor gerenciar a produção para garantir a melhoria do nível de serviço prestado ao cliente. Foram estabelecidos os parâmetros de estoque de segurança, ponto de reposição do pedido, estoque máximo e quantidade a produzir de cada uma das dez embalagens reoperadas pela empresa que é o estudo de caso desse trabalho. Essa metodologia mostrou-se eficaz e parece gerar bons resultados / Abstract: As a result of the globalization process, the competition among the enterprises has increased so much, forcing them to search for best market practices to warranty their survival in the long term. The objective of this thesis was to apply tools to a better inventory management in a logistics operator, located in Campinas (SP), that serves a big company located in the same region. It was applied demand forecast techniques trying to understand the future demand aiming a better production programming to the logistics operator. But due to a very irregular demand of the system, it was showed that the forecast methods here applied had not helped to establish the best way to manage the case study company production and the inventory. Due to that, it was applied an inventory continuous review methodology to assure the improvement of the service level served to the client. It was established some parameters as safety inventory, reorder point, maximum inventory, and production quantity of each of the ten packages the logistics operator needs to reoperate. This methodology was effective and seems to generate good results / Mestrado / Materiais e Processos de Fabricação / Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:25:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:00:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / No Brasil e no mundo a medicina nuclear vem ganhando destaque com as técnicas diagnósticas que permitem o estudo metabólico de doenças, alterando significativamente o gerenciamento dos pacientes. Essa tecnologia inovadora vem trazendo expectativas tanto para os setores especializados como para a sociedade. Nesse trabalho foi estudada a utilização do radiofármaco 18F-FDG na região metropolitana de São Paulo e nas áreas adjacentes, bem como a estrutura do mercado atual e das dificuldades a serem superadas com o aumento da demanda do 18F-FDG. A pesquisa contou com uma análise do mercado de radiofármacos internacional e das principais alterações que vem ocorrendo nessa área no Brasil nos últimos anos. Foram realizadas entrevistas com profissionais atuantes na área de medicina nuclear e coleta de dados através de questionário enviado para os centros consumidores do radiofármaco na região coberta pela pesquisa. As entrevistas expressaram as opiniões dos entrevistados sobre as transformações nesse setor e as tendências futuras e os dados coletados no questionário serviram de complementação a utilização do radiofármaco nos equipamentos do tipo Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT), Positron Emission Tomography (PET) e Positron Emission Tomography / Computer Tomography (PET/CT). O maior uso do 18F-FDG tem sido para o diagnóstico oncológico nos equipamentos do tipo PET e PET/CT. Essa utilização deverá crescer nos próximos anos, podendo se expandir para outras especialidades como neurologia e cardiologia. Apesar de restrita atualmente as cidades de São Paulo e Rio de Janeiro deverá haver uma expansão dessa modalidade diagnóstica nos outros Estados do país que começam a estruturar produção do radioisótopo. A recente alteração na constituição que permite a produção e comercialização de radioisótopos de meia-vida curta também deverá aumentar o interesse da iniciativa privada nesse mercado, que internacionalmente possui projeções otimistas de crescimento. Existe também uma expectativa que a aprovação dos planos de saúde para a cobertura dos exames utilizando 18F-FDG no PET impulsione esse mercado ainda mais, repetindo a experiência internacional. Os recentes investimentos realizados pelo IPEN para aumentar a produção do 18F-FDG deverá garantir a oferta com confiabilidade, para a região Sudeste e Sul do país. / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

Orientador: José Maria Ferreira Jardim da Silveira / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T21:54:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Oliveira_PauloRicardodaSilva_M.pdf: 1949080 bytes, checksum: 79c2935874a90f66b236b1b640335f4c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Tendo sua produção comercial iniciada em 1996, os alimentos geneticamente modificados (GM) têm gerado, desde então, uma série de polêmicas que envolvem não só fatores de ordem científica, mas também de ordem econômica, política e social. Este trabalho trata, especificamente, da inserção comercial da soja GM na agricultura e os decorrentes impactos ocorridos na cadeia global de comercialização. Através do Método das Parcelas Constantes (Constant Market Share- CMS), decompõem-se as alterações do market share dos países em efeitos distintos, possibilitando o isolamento do efeito da inovação tecnológica e sua adoção sobre os destinos e as quantidades da soja exportada pelos maiores produtores globais. O estudo revela que, a adoção tecnológica por parte dos produtores, ocorrida em períodos distintos para cada país, e a rejeição comercial por parte de alguns mercados podem explicar de forma consistente grande parte das alterações nas relações comerciais entre produtores e consumidores tradicionais, ocorridas a partir de 1996. Ao contrário do que parte da literatura vem enfatizando sobre o comércio de alimentos GM, as barreiras legais, isto é, as proibições e moratórias de facto não tiveram papel importante nos desdobramentos que sucederam o caso da soja GM. Ademais, o trabalho tece considerações a respeito das tendências mais atuais, analisando como os efeitos sofridos pelo comércio internacional de OGM foram se perpetuando a despeito de mudanças nos padrões de oferta do produto e persistem até dias atuais. Evidências levantadas neste trabalho contribuem para compreensão e, consequentemente, para a formulação de políticas que permeiem a difusão de tecnologias com rejeição de mercado / Abstract: Genetically modified food has been being commercially produced since 1996. There are a number of controversies surrounding GM food that involve not only scientific issues, but economic, political and social ones as well. This thesis primarily discusses the introduction of genetically modified (GM) seeds into agriculture and the impact they have on the modus operandi of the international trade of agricultural commodities. An adapted Constant Market Share is used. This method makes it possible to analyze the increase or decrease in the market share of a country in terms of distinct effects, making it possible to identify the effect of technology adoption, in terms of destination and quantity, on the largest soybean producer's worldwide. The central finding in this thesis is that the technology adopted by producers, which took place at different time periods for each country, and the market rejection in certain countries, consistently explain the changes in the soybean market, in terms of exporters and traditional importers after 1996. Contrary to certain studies on the topic, it is argued that bans and de facto moratoriums on GM-Food importation have played no important role in explaining the case of GM soybeans. Furthermore, the thesis examines more modern trends, analyzing how changes in the international trade of GMOs continued over the years despite recent alterations in the demand and supply pattern. Findings from this thesis contribute to better understanding the diffusion process of technologies with market rejection and consequently to the development of political policies / Mestrado / Desenvolvimento Economico, Espaço e Meio Ambiente / Mestre em Desenvolvimento Econômico

M.Cur (Professional Nursing) / This study of patient acuity level plans (PALP) to determine nursing levels for in-patients units was carried out by means of an exploratory, descriptive instrumental study within the context of a nursing situation with the literature study serving as background, a patient acuity level plan (PALP) was designed, according to accepted criteria, to find data on which to base post determination for nursing staff. This descriptive, instrumental study was done at a private research hospital in Johannesburg where all the patients and nursing staff (first- as welI as second-in-command) were involved. The patient acuity level plan (PALP) -instrument was designed by the researcher, and under supervision of the researcher it was implemented in seven nursing units in the hospital. (The instrument proved to be highly reliable i. e. 0,999). The difference between nursing post determination as recommended and determined by PALP, and nursing post determination as determined by means of a pragmatic subjective approach by the nursing service manager of the, hospital proved to be statistically insignificant. The PALP instrument showed, however, that more nursing staff were needed in four of the seven units. The quality of the nursing was not studied nor was a productivity study carried out. The grand total difference between the recommended and actual nursing hours needed for all the nursing units shows a statistically significant difference (p = 0,0001) on a 1% significance level. This instrument could also positively contribute towards a more cost-effective post determination in nursing.

M.Comm. / As part of supply chain management, the handling of market demand information forms one of the most important concepts in any supply chain. One of the specific goals of supply chain management is to manage and co-ordinate the flow of information from the original source to the final customer. If consumer demand forms the activating element in the supply chain, it becomes clear that the process of demand planning can play an active role in improving the effectiveness of a supply chain. The correct management of information can thus greatly influence the level of integration, the responsiveness, level of customer service and value added to the end product. This is however not a one-sided approach where demand planning can be used as the tool to facilitate supply chain synchronization. The opposite effect can also be found that certain efforts to synchronize the supply chain can greatly improve the demand planning process. The fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) industry relies heavily on forecasted demand figures due to the structure of this industry 5. Developing demand forecasts forms a great part of the demand planning process and the accuracy, timely flow, interpretation and final format of the information is of the utmost importance. A well controlled forecasting process can form a solid foundation to address supply chain problems, reduce the level of wastage, increase the product value to the customer and improve the level of supply chain agility. With this background, the aim of this study will be: To explore the subject of Demand Planning in the synchronization of a FMCG supply chain. It will aim to show how an effective demand planning process can positively influence the supply chain management process and form an active element in supply chain synchronization. To investigate certain supply chain strategies on demand planning to indicate the level of integration between these two processes. In order to do this, a theoretical study needs to be done on Demand Planning and into the elements thereof. Within this structure it will be possible to formulate a structure to evaluate the concept of Demand Planning.

The aim of this study was to establish new strategies on how redeployment of teachers should be conducted and enable teachers to adapt to the redeployment process, especially in Port Elizabeth schools. This investigation was set within both qualitative a quantitative framework. Five schools where some of teachers were affected by redeployment in Port Elizabeth were investigated. Purposive sampling was used for selecting the respondents for this study and also for selecting these five schools. Questionnaires and interviews were used for the collection of data. The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of redeployment of teachers in Port Elizabeth schools. The findings revealed that there is needs to upgrade the qualification of the teachers, that effective human resource planning should result in the involvement of teachers when decision making takes place, especially issues that affect them directly such as iv redeployment and that provincial Department of Education and teachers organizations like South African Democratic Teachers Union (SADTU), National Professional Teachers Organization of South Africa (NAPTOSA), South African Teachers Union (SATU) should work closely in the area of redeployment. This topic is useful for all who are in the teaching profession, whether as redeployed teachers or as practicing professionals. A number of conclusions and recommendations, in line with the findings of the study were made. Recommendations on how redeployment of teachers could be conducted in Port Elizabeth schools were presented. An attempt has also been made to include items that are of special interest to South African teachers in general and Port Elizabeth teachers in particular.

Projection of the future supply of physician services has attracted considerable attention all over the world, especially in North America and Europe. Supply projections, however, have not taken into account physicians’ patterns of service provision. To date, no research on supply projections has examined the relative contribution to supply life-cycle activity patterns of physicians. This study examined the life-cycle activity patterns of two groups of non-postgraduate Directory Active fee-for-service physicians in British Columbia who had practised medicine for the period 1974-84 or 1980-84. Practice activity, the dependent variable, was measured by fee-adjusted payments made to individual physicians. Practice activity was conceptualized to be influenced by three groups of interrelated factors-- personal, professional, and environmental--each comprised of a number of distinct contributory variables. Data analyses included descriptive, logistical regression and time-series/ cross-section regression methods. The time-series/cross-section regression results showed that about 35% of the variance in practice activity could be explained by all variables except past practice activity. Including this variable in the regression equations increased the variances explained to about 90%. Specialty- and sex-specific analyses showed that variances explained by the three factors, and especially the variables comprising each of the factors, varied considerably. The personal factor accounted for most of the variances; the contributions of the professional factor were very small, while those of the environmental factor were negligible. A low previous year’s income emerged as the best predictor of self-declared retirement. Most GPs, medical, and surgical specialists retired long after the usual retirement age of 65 years. The practice activity of female GPs and medical specialists was significantly lower than those of their male counterparts; this observation did not apply to female surgical specialists. Sex-specific results showed that activity levels and patterns of childbearing-aged females did not differ significantly from their non-childbearing aged counterparts. The research provides comprehensive data on the major variables influencing physician activity in a setting with comprehensive, universal, first dollar health care insurance. It also offers many insights for those interested in policy respecting physician supply and requirements, physician retirement patterns, and sex- and specialty-specific differences in practice patterns. / Education, Faculty of / Educational Studies (EDST), Department of / Graduate

There is alleged to be a severe nursing shortage in Canada. While the shortage is attributed in large part to fiscal restraint in the hospital sector in the early 1990s, there are competing claims addressing why nursing employment levels changed over this period. Supply-side proponents argue that deteriorating working conditions and stagnant wages led nurses to voluntarily leave the profession, province, or country for better employment prospects. Demand-side proponents argue that hospitals reduced staff levels in response to a decline in inpatient utilization. There is also considerable disagreement on what impact, if any, reduced nursing employment levels had on access to hospital care. However, while there is no shortage of anecdotal evidence and plausible rhetoric, the debate is being carried out in a largely data-free environment. This thesis attempts partially to fill this void. Part I of this thesis examines trends in the nursing employment level in Canada over the hospital restructuring period. Results indicate that the number of nurses employed in hospitals decreased significantly during the cut-backs period and that the decrease was particularly severe among young nurses. The employment level is decomposed into three separate components for each age group: the change in the potential supply of nurses, the change in the employment rate of this group and the change in the likelihood that an individual will work in the nursing profession conditional on being employed. Results indicate that the third factor is most important. To determine whether the observed shift toward non-nursing employment was voluntary, an occupational sector choice model is developed and the pattern of nursing wages, non-nursing wages, and hospital expenditure (a proxy for demand) is examined. The evidence strongly suggests that the reduction in the nursing employment level in hospitals during the downsizing period was a result of a decrease in the demand for nursing labour and did not represent voluntary movement out of the nursing sector. That the decrease in demand primarily affected young nurses appears to reflect the influence of seniority in the highly unionized nursing sector. / Arts, Faculty of / Vancouver School of Economics / Graduate

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar as causas do grande crescimento das produções agropecuária e agroindustrial do Brasil no período de 1961 a 2013, e como o crescimento dessas produções impactaram suas exportações. Atenção especial é dada aos anos de 1991 a 2013 devido ao crescimento diferenciado das exportações nesses anos. Para alcançar o objetivo supracitado, buscou-se quantificar o crescimento, a concentração, as mudanças estruturais e a diversificação da produção e da exportação de produtos agropecuários e agroindustriais no Brasil de 1961 a 2013. Além disso, foi feito um exame qualitativo dos seus determinantes e realizada uma análise econométrica dos determinantes da oferta e da demanda das exportações brasileiras de produtos agropecuários e agroindustriais de 1991 a 2013. Para tanto, foram calculados alguns indicadores de concentração, de mudança estrutural e de diversificação para a produção e para as exportações de produtos agropecuários e agroindustriais. Também foram estimadas equações de oferta e da demanda de exportações de produtos agropecuários e agroindustriais do Brasil, considerados em separado e conjuntamente, identificando os seus principais determinantes. Pela análise dos resultados foi possível observar um crescimento bastante acentuado da produção da agropecuária no Brasil (em toneladas), processo esse que se intensificou a partir dos anos 2000. Foi possível observar que houve mudança na pauta de produção e exportação, isto é, ocorreu diversificação, mas houve nova concentração nas mesmas. Por exemplo, diminuiu-se a exportação de café, mas aumentou a de soja, foi reduzida a proporção de açúcar exportado, mas surge o complexo exportador de carne. Ao mesmo tempo em que a produção e a exportação se diversificam, se concentram em novos produtos, o que pode ser denominado como uma \"diversificação concentradora\". Outra característica da expansão das exportações brasileiras de gêneros agropecuários e agroindustriais foi o seu destino a novos mercados, destacando o significativo crescimento das exportações com destino à Ásia, ao Oriente Médio e à África o que mostra a consolidação dos mercados emergentes como importadores dos produtos de base agropecuária produzidos no Brasil. O modelo de equações simultâneas foi estimado com dados anuais de 1991 a 2013, no qual as variáveis explicativas para a oferta de exportações foram o total produzido, a taxa de câmbio e os preços de exportação; já para a demanda por exportações as variáveis explicativas foram o preço de exportação, a renda mundial e os preços de um país concorrente (preços da Argentina). Foram estatisticamente significativas para determinar as exportações agropecuárias e agroindustriais praticamente todas as variáveis supracitadas, exceto os preços do concorrente nas equações de demanda por exportações de produtos agroindustriais e para o total de produtos de base agrícola. A partir da análise interpretativa e dos resultados das regressões estimadas foi confirmada a hipótese formulada nessa tese de que desde 1961, em especial entre 1991 a 2013, ocorreu uma série de condicionantes externos e internos à economia brasileira que levou ao grande crescimento de nossas produções agropecuária e agroindustrial e os excedentes dessas produções levaram ao crescimento de nossas exportações desses produtos. A tese mostra que dentre os condicionantes externos a se examinar estão a dinâmica da oferta e da demanda mundial de produtos agropecuários e a dinâmica dos principais países exportadores e das grandes empresas multinacionais. Entre os condicionantes internos estão as disponibilidades de terra e tecnologia, o papel das políticas agrícolas e a presença de fazendeiros empreendedores. / The objective of this work is to analyze the causes of the great growth of agricultural and agro-processed productions in Brazil from 1961 to 2013, and how the growth of these productions impacted their exports. Special attention is given to the years 1991 to 2013 due to the differential growth of exports in this years. In order to achieve the aforementioned objective, it was searched to quantify the growth, concentration, structural changes and diversification of the production and export of agricultural and agro-processed products in Brazil from 1961 to 2013. In addition, a qualitative analysis of its determinants was made out and an econometric analysis was performed on the supply and demand determinants of brazilian agricultural and agro-processed exports from 1991 to 2013. Therefore, some indicators of concentration, structural change and diversification were calculated for the production and exports of agricultural and agro-processed products. Were also estimated equations of supply and demand for exports of agricultural and agro-processed products from Brazil, considered separately and jointly, identifying their main determinants. By analyzing the results it was possible to observe of a quite accentuated growth of agricultural production in Brazil (in tons), a process that intensified from the 2000\'s. It was possible to observe that there was a change in the pattern of production and export, this is, diversification occurred, but there was a new concentration in them. For example, the export of coffee has been reduced, but the soybean has been increased, the proportion of sugar exported has been reduced, but arises the meat exporting complex. At the same time as production and exports diversify, they focus on new products, what can be termed as a \"concentration diversification\". Another feature of the expansion of Brazilian exports of agricultural and agro-processed products was destined to new markets, highlighting the significant growth of exports to Asia, the Middle East and Africa, which shows the consolidation of emerging markets as importers of agricultural commodities produced in Brazil. The model of simultaneous equations was estimated with annual data from 1991 to 2013, in which the explanatory variables for the export supply were the total produced, the exchange rate and the export prices; already for the demand for exports the explanatory variables were the export price, the world income and the prices of a competing country (Argentine prices). It was statistically significant to determine the agricultural and agro-processed exports practically all the aforementioned variables, except for the prices of the competitor in the equations of demand for agro-processed exports and for the total of agricultural commodities. From the interpretative analysis and the results of the estimated regressions, the hypothesis formulated in this thesis was confirmed that since 1961, especially from 1991 to 2013, occurred a series of external and internal conditioning to the brazilian economy that led to the great growth of our agricultural and agro-processed production and the surplus of these productions led to the growth of our exports of these products. The thesis shows that among the external conditioning to be examined are the dynamics of world supply and demand for agricultural products, and the dynamics of the main exporting countries and large multinational companies. Among the internal conditioning are the availability of land and technology, the role of agricultural policies and the presence of entrepreneurial farmers.

The popularity of natural rubber as an important raw material was distorted in the post-World War Two period. It received heavy competition from synthetic rubber. The main purpose of this paper is to determine and to study supply elasticity and demand elasticity of natural rubber in the case of Malaysia. The main aim of analyzing the period since 1971 is that both price and quality competitiveness of Malaysian natural rubber have drastically improved. Therefore, in order for Malaysia to maintain her position as the leading producer and exporter of natural rubber in the world, supportive policies and incentives from the government would further enhance the prospects for improvements in this industry.