Since China established professional basketball league in 1995, China aimed to be the world's second professional basketball league. During this period, China¡¦s professional basketball league has experienced so many change and transformation of its policy. The study is build on the reexamination of theories and the establishment of analytical framework, in order to analyze China¡¦s professional basketball league development and transition of economic efficiency. The study discovered that the main problems in China's professional basketball competition market are¡Gthe market supply is uneven distribution¡Fthe whole market less than the size¡Fthe existence of market failure in price regulation¡Fthe existence of market supply and demand imbalance¡Fthe commission¡Ðagency relationship is bad¡Fmore market control¡Flack of market management and service awareness¡FThe relevant legal system is imperfect. In order to solve the problem from several aspects¡Gspeed up the market system and market cultivation and perfection of the elements¡Fstrengthen the market environment, including the CBA league organization, establish a reasonable system of property rights and governance structures¡Fstrengthen the external environment, including the creation of a good policy, formulate and improve relevant laws and regulation system.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Canterbury, 2009. / Typescript (photocopy). "March 2009." "Supervisors: Professor Les Oxley and Professor John Gibson." Includes bibliographical references (p. 325-359). Also available via the World Wide Web.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Mississippi State University. Department of Marketing, Quantitative Analysis and Business Law. / Title from title screen. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.B.A.)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2003. / "MBA professional report"--Cover. Advisor(s): Tarek Abdel-Hamid and Bill Gates. Includes bibliographical references (p. 61-64). Also available online.

This dissertation analyzes one state's efforts to increase the number of its primary care physicians and encourage their retention and distribution to rural underserved areas. This analysis was accomplished through an examination of physicians as they completed training in Texas family medicine, internal medicine, pediatrics, and obstetric/gynecology residency programs. State licensure data provided insights into these primary care specialties by showing which residents remained in the state to practice, and by showing the numbers and specialties of physicians who practice in rural underserved areas. The primary purpose of this study was to increase understanding and document similarities and differences in the primary care residency programs' production of physicians who remained in Texas and who practiced in a whole county HPSA following training. The following analyses were used to evaluate the research questions and hypotheses: frequency distributions, geographic depictions, Chi-Square tests and binary logistic regression. These analyses provided supporting evidence that significant differences exist among resident programs in the four primary care medical specialties. Differences were also found in residents' likelihood to remain in Texas to practice and their likelihood to practice in whole county Health Professional Shortage Areas (HPSAs). This study showed that those residents who trained in Texas largely remained in Texas and actively practiced medicine years after their residency training had been completed. The training and location of primary care physicians in Texas is influenced by what medical specialty programs are available and where. This suggests that increasing the number and type of residency programs in more remote areas may have a positive influence on the physician workforce of those regions. This study confirms the finding of other institutional and single medical specialty studies that physicians tend to remain in the state in which they complete their residency training. However, this study found that there are variations by primary care specialty, gender, ethnicity, and program location. Residency training is an essential piece in supplying the Texas physician workforce and ensuring that its stability and long-term growth will position it to be prepared to care for the population.

<p>With the extensive use of outsourcing and more frequent technological innovations, global supply chains become vastly stretched and dynamic networks. As a result, firms face increasingly significant challenges to managing their fragile supply networks and responding to more rapidly changing demand evolutions. In this dissertation, we analyze three aspects of these challenges and summarize the findings in three essays. The first essay considers firms' problem of managing social and environmental non-compliance risk at its sub-tier suppliers. We figure out under what circumstances the firms should delegate the sub-tier supplier non-compliance management to its direct suppliers and under what directly control. In the second essay, we analyze the firm's strategy to deal with random demand surges. We develop a new demand model that captures important non-Markov characteristics of possible random demand surge trajectories and derive the optimal safety stock and reactive capacity strategy. Eventually, we establish a useful framework for supply chain planning under a variety of surge demand characteristics (e.g., frequency, intensity, duration, and shape). In the third essay, we examine a dynamic customer-base management problem for a firm with finite capacity, when its customers are prone to disruption and retention risks. We show that the optimal base size is an adding-up-to policy and derive the firm's optimal capacity allocation policy when capacity shortage occurs. In summary, our studies in this dissertation provide useful modeling ideas, decision tools, insights, and guidance for firms to build up resilient supply chains from both the supply and demand sides.</p> / Dissertation

Projection of the future supply of physician services has attracted considerable attention all over the world, especially in North America and Europe. Supply projections, however, have not taken into account physicians’ patterns of service provision. To date, no research on supply projections has examined the relative contribution to supply life-cycle activity patterns of physicians. This study examined the life-cycle activity patterns of two groups of non-postgraduate Directory Active fee-for-service physicians in British Columbia who had practised medicine for the period 1974-84 or 1980-84. Practice activity, the dependent variable, was measured by fee-adjusted payments made to individual physicians. Practice activity was conceptualized to be influenced by three groups of interrelated factors-- personal, professional, and environmental--each comprised of a number of distinct contributory variables. Data analyses included descriptive, logistical regression and time-series/ cross-section regression methods. The time-series/cross-section regression results showed that about 35% of the variance in practice activity could be explained by all variables except past practice activity. Including this variable in the regression equations increased the variances explained to about 90%. Specialty- and sex-specific analyses showed that variances explained by the three factors, and especially the variables comprising each of the factors, varied considerably. The personal factor accounted for most of the variances; the contributions of the professional factor were very small, while those of the environmental factor were negligible. A low previous year’s income emerged as the best predictor of self-declared retirement. Most GPs, medical, and surgical specialists retired long after the usual retirement age of 65 years. The practice activity of female GPs and medical specialists was significantly lower than those of their male counterparts; this observation did not apply to female surgical specialists. Sex-specific results showed that activity levels and patterns of childbearing-aged females did not differ significantly from their non-childbearing aged counterparts. The research provides comprehensive data on the major variables influencing physician activity in a setting with comprehensive, universal, first dollar health care insurance. It also offers many insights for those interested in policy respecting physician supply and requirements, physician retirement patterns, and sex- and specialty-specific differences in practice patterns.

Economic development implies that a country's real output is growing at a faster rate than its population so that over time per caput output rises. One very simple way of achieving the growth of output is to bring formerly unemployed manpower into the labour force. But, since there is an inevitable limit to this method, a far more important aim is to bring about an increase in output per employed worker. [...]

There is alleged to be a severe nursing shortage in Canada. While the shortage is attributed in large part to fiscal restraint in the hospital sector in the early 1990s, there are competing claims addressing why nursing employment levels changed over this period. Supply-side proponents argue that deteriorating working conditions and stagnant wages led nurses to voluntarily leave the profession, province, or country for better employment prospects. Demand-side proponents argue that hospitals reduced staff levels in response to a decline in inpatient utilization. There is also considerable disagreement on what impact, if any, reduced nursing employment levels had on access to hospital care. However, while there is no shortage of anecdotal evidence and plausible rhetoric, the debate is being carried out in a largely data-free environment. This thesis attempts partially to fill this void. Part I of this thesis examines trends in the nursing employment level in Canada over the hospital restructuring period. Results indicate that the number of nurses employed in hospitals decreased significantly during the cut-backs period and that the decrease was particularly severe among young nurses. The employment level is decomposed into three separate components for each age group: the change in the potential supply of nurses, the change in the employment rate of this group and the change in the likelihood that an individual will work in the nursing profession conditional on being employed. Results indicate that the third factor is most important. To determine whether the observed shift toward non-nursing employment was voluntary, an occupational sector choice model is developed and the pattern of nursing wages, non-nursing wages, and hospital expenditure (a proxy for demand) is examined. The evidence strongly suggests that the reduction in the nursing employment level in hospitals during the downsizing period was a result of a decrease in the demand for nursing labour and did not represent voluntary movement out of the nursing sector. That the decrease in demand primarily affected young nurses appears to reflect the influence of seniority in the highly unionized nursing sector.

Nekilnojamo turto (NT) rinka yra visos ekonomikos svarbi sudedamoji dalis. NT kainos skirtingose pasaulio šalyse juda panašia kryptimi – iki 2007 metų jos augo abejose vandenyno pusėse. Tai specifinė rinka dėl investicinio prekės pobūdžio ir unikalumo. Šiame darbe apžvelgiama, kas yra turtas, kokia yra rinka, paklausa ir pasiūla, dalyviai bei ciklai, NT rinką įtakojantys veiksniai. Interpretuojama situacija susidariusi NT rinkoje JAV ir Lietuvoje. Ekonominės sąlygos lemia, kad NT rinka visame pasaulyje pasiekė bumą ir turi pergyventi nuosmukį. Bumas/burbulas – situacija, kai kainos rinkoje formuojamos pirmiausia dėl psichologinių veiksnių ir atitrūksta nuo jas aiškinančių fundamentalių faktorių. Burbulas sprogsta tada, kai investuotojai nebesitiki, kad kainos kils. Tada paklausa sumažėja ir NT rinka krenta žemyn. Nuosmukio pradžia ir viso ciklo trukmė sunkiai prognozuojama. Vidutiniškai NT rinka sugriūna 18 mėnesių iki bankų krizės. Infliacija, palūkanų norma, BVP, investicijų srautai, nuomos kainos, nedarbo lygis, migracija, progresas šalyje, lūkesčiai, poreikiai, informacijos srautas, globalizacija – tai veiksniai, kurie turi įtakos NT rinkos ciklui. NT rinka Lietuvoje atsilieka vidutiniškai 1,5-2 metų nuo JAV savo kainų pokyčiais. Šios dvi rinkos turi panašumų dėl augančios infliacijos, pirkimo-pardavimo sutarčių sumažėjo, BVP tendencijos augti, palūkanų normos pokyčio, nedarbo lygio mažėjimo, didėjančių tiesioginių investicijų. Nepaisant panašumų, lyginti šias dvi rinkas... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Real estate market is important for country’s economics. In different countries real estate prices are moving in the same direction- till 2007 it has been increasing in USA and Europe. Real estate’s specific market because it has an investment format and it is unique. In this paper it is reviewed real estate, its market, supply and demand, participants and cycles, indicators. There is made interpretation of the Lithuanian and USA markets situation. Economics conditions course, that in all the world real estate market has to reach boom and face the recession. Burble- it is a situation when prices lose a touch with fundamental bias because of the philological factors. Boom collapse when investors think that prices will not increase any more and demand reduce. It is difficult to forecast the start of the collapse and the length of the cycle. In the average after the collapse of real estate market in 18 months there is crisis of banks. There are many factors which are important for real estate cycle like inflation, interest and mortgage rate, GDP, investment flows, rent and unemployment rate, migration, progress in the country, expectations, media, and globalization. Real Estate market in Lithuania is 1,5-2 years behind the USA market. These two markets have some similarities like growth of inflation, number of contract decrease, GDP and interest rate changes, decline of unemployment rate, direct investment. Despite these similarities, there are many differences which show... [to full text]