Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:52:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 6705.pdf: 2359566 bytes, checksum: 240ad1a74c5f1d0c475d067396513040 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-27 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / In order to overcome the barriers to break into foreign markets and expand the presence of their business, some companies take hold of strategic partnerships. One of these production strategies is the Completely Knocked Down (CKD), which aims to attend nationalization requirements in recipient countries. Although they facilitate internationalization, supply chains CKD face constraints caused by the large distance between supplier and customer, making logistics operations less consistent and less flexible. The problem that motivated this thesis came from a logistics project demanded by a national CKD automaker experiencing problems with the lack of an efficient logic of occupation of its warehouses and the high level of handling of parts in the supplying process. The aim of this work is to present and discuss the operational logistics of CKD production system in the automotive industry from a case study, trying to understand what conditions a CKD chain of supplies produce on the production operations of an assembly plant and how to operationalize the CKD system before the implications of their conditions impose the production system. The research method used was the single case study, using research from several sources of evidence. The transactions of materials and information between the supplier and CKD national carmaker were investigated, and internal logistics processes the automaker until the release of vehicles for distribution in dealerships. The case study revealed that there are different logics that influence the internal logistics operations to the assembler. The issuer's logic, that is, the CKD supplier, influences the receiving processes and blocking parts of the automaker; recipient's logic, or rather the automaker itself, influences the supply of assembly lines; and distribution of logic, led by the market and holding company that operates the automaker, influences the production and distribution of the vehicles produced. Solutions have been proposed to mitigate the effect of these constraints in order to make the logistic process of the company more efficient and effective by redefining the supply of parts approach and the redefinition of the shipping configuration of CKD materials. / Para superar as barreiras de entrada em mercados estrangeiros e ampliar a presença de seus negócios, algumas companhias lançam mão das parcerias estratégicas. Uma dessas estratégias de produção é o Completely Knocked Down (CKD), que tem o intuito de atender requisitos de nacionalização nos países destinatários. Embora facilite a internacionalização, cadeias de suprimentos CKD enfrentam constrangimentos causados pela larga distância entre fornecedor e cliente, tornando as operações logísticas menos consistentes e menos flexíveis. O problema dessa dissertação surgiu de um projeto logístico demandado por uma montadora nacional de veículos CKD que vivenciava problemas com a falta de uma lógica eficiente de ocupação de seus armazéns e pelo alto nível de manuseio das peças no processo do abastecimento. O objetivo desta dissertação é apresentar e discutir a operacionalização logística do sistema de produção CKD na indústria automobilística a partir de um estudo de caso, buscando entender quais os condicionantes que uma cadeia de suprimentos CKD produz sobre as operações produtivas de uma montadora e como operacionalizar o sistema CKD perante as implicações que suas condicionantes impõem ao sistema produtivo. O método de pesquisa utilizado foi o estudo de caso único, utilizando a investigação de diversas fontes de evidências. Foram investigadas as transações de materiais e informações entre o fornecedor CKD e a montadora nacional, e os processos logísticos internos à montadora até a liberação dos veículos para a distribuição nas concessionárias. O estudo de caso revelou que existem diferentes lógicas que condicionam as operações logísticas internas à montadora. A lógica do emitente, ou seja, do fornecedor CKD, influencia os processos de recebimento e blocagem das peças na montadora; a lógica do destinatário, ou melhor, da própria montadora, influencia o abastecimento das linhas de montagem; e a lógica de distribuição, comandada pelo mercado e pela holding que opera a montadora, influencia a produção e a distribuição dos veículos produzidos. Foram propostas soluções para atenuar o efeito desses condicionantes, de forma a tornar mais eficaz e eficiente o processo logístico da empresa, através da redefinição da abordagem de abastecimento das peças e da redefinição da configuração de envio dos materiais CKD.

Målet med denna studie var att studera olika aspekter av den prioritetsordning som används för att prioritera elanvändare i svenska elnät i händelse av nationell-, regional eller lokal elbrist. Studien redogör för hur prioriteringar av olika elanvändare går till och hur nyttan av olika elnät förändras utifrån en beslutsfattares egna preferenser, vidare redovisas hur samverkan mellan olika elnät påverkar den totala nyttan som varje invånare i ett samhäller erbjuds. Objekten i ett samhälle som förekommer på ett elnät delas in i åtta prioriteringsklasser beroende av objektets funktion. Området för denna studie har varit beslutsanalys. Studien har genomförts med hjälp av resultat från tidigare studier och teorier kring beslutsanalys, med detta som grund har en simulering genomförts för att påvisa hur nyttan av ett elnät ändras då förutsättningarna ändras. Förutsättningarna har varit; total kapacitet av elektricitet till samhället, avstånd mellan samhällen och de olika objektens efterfrågan av elektricitet. Studiens resultat har påvisat att ellinjer med objekt av hög prioriteringsklass ska prioriteras före ellinjer med objekt av låg prioriteringsklass. Vidare har studien visat att det kan finnas elnät i ett samhälle vars nytta skulle kunna vara större än de elnät som förespråkas av prioritetsordningen, och att dessa kan vara disjunkta. Detta för att prioriteringsordningen ska prioritera det elnät med högprioriterade objekt, inte nödvändigtvis det elnät med störst nytta. Studie har därmed resulterat i att elnät bör prioriteras efter dess nytta och att en beslutsfattare bör vara medveten om elbristens storlek, avstånd mellan samhällen och varje objekts efterfrågan av kapacitet för att kunna fatta ett bra beslut. Gällande samverkan mellan elnät visade studien på att detta kan genomföras om avståndet mellan samhällena inte var för stort. / The aim of this study was to study the Styrel concept as an approach to identify electricity users and prioritize them in the event of a power shortage on a power grid. The study has examined and investigated how the priorities of different electricity users go to, how the benefits of manual disconnection change according to the decision makers' different priorities and how interaction between different local networks affects total utility. The features of a community on a local area, also called objects, are divided into eight priority classes depending on the function of the objects. The area for this study has been decision management. The study has been conducted using results from previous studies and theories on decision analysis as the basis for constructing a simulator that simulates how the power of a power failure changes for a local area dependent on the extent of the electricity supply (capacity). The study's findings have shown that prioritization of electricity supply line with higher priority classes should be prioritized than an electricity supply line with lower priority classes. This is also the result of previous studies. On the other hand, the study has shown that the fixed asset for an electricity supply line with lower priority objects is higher than an electricity supply line with higher priority objects, but with less benefit, priority should be given to the electricity supply line of higher priority objects. This study has thus resulted in the fact that electricity supply lines should be prioritized after the benefit if a decision maker is aware of the extent of the deficiency. Current collaboration between local networks showed that this could be dependent on the factors: distance, risk profile of decision makers and change of benefit through collaboration.

<p>As a part of the fight against the global warming the energy production needs to be more efficient and redirected towards sustainable options. One alternative is cogeneration, which means that electricity and heat is produced in one plant. The purpose with this survey is to examine if there are any commercial available combined heat and power techniques, based on combustion of solid moist biomass, which are suitable to small-scale applications. The technique must be able to produce between 2 and 10 MW thermal and the heat demand is a Swedish district-heating system. When already published reports had been studied, the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) was chosen as the most suitable technique. The possibility of using the ORC to generate electricity from the district-heating return flow was considered simultaneously. The chosen ORC-technique was then evaluated in Excel. The first aspect to be examined was how the performance of a combined heat and power plant was affected by variations in the supply line temperature. It showed that the performance reaches top levels when the temperature is low. The second part contains an optimisation, in a techno-economical perspective, of the ratio between cogeneration and separate heat production for district-heating systems with heat demands below 50 GWh/year. The most profitable combined heat and power plant generates 45 % of the installed power in a 50 GWh system. The profit is, however, too low to justify any construction plans. The conclusion was that there are no economical reasons to choose combined heat and power based on an organic rankine cycle in Sweden today.</p>

As a part of the fight against the global warming the energy production needs to be more efficient and redirected towards sustainable options. One alternative is cogeneration, which means that electricity and heat is produced in one plant. The purpose with this survey is to examine if there are any commercial available combined heat and power techniques, based on combustion of solid moist biomass, which are suitable to small-scale applications. The technique must be able to produce between 2 and 10 MW thermal and the heat demand is a Swedish district-heating system. When already published reports had been studied, the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) was chosen as the most suitable technique. The possibility of using the ORC to generate electricity from the district-heating return flow was considered simultaneously. The chosen ORC-technique was then evaluated in Excel. The first aspect to be examined was how the performance of a combined heat and power plant was affected by variations in the supply line temperature. It showed that the performance reaches top levels when the temperature is low. The second part contains an optimisation, in a techno-economical perspective, of the ratio between cogeneration and separate heat production for district-heating systems with heat demands below 50 GWh/year. The most profitable combined heat and power plant generates 45 % of the installed power in a 50 GWh system. The profit is, however, too low to justify any construction plans. The conclusion was that there are no economical reasons to choose combined heat and power based on an organic rankine cycle in Sweden today.