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In this thesis, the decision analysis process of investigating the best optimal strategy for Tehran water management in 2021 is described. Such process is normally divided into four steps including: structuring the problem; identifying feasible strategies, their impact and uncertainty; quantifying preferences; and evaluation of countermeasures and sensitivity analysis. Here, in order to structure the problem, the characteristics of Tehran with respect to water issues and its history of water management are reviewed. The state of surface waters and ground waters and a description of Tehran plan for waste water treatment are given, the most significant constraints of Tehran water sector are classified and the challenges of climate change and variability are explained. The feasible adaptation strategies are designed subsequently based on that classification, data extracted from a survey and a number of interviews with water officials and managers and ordinary citizens in Tehran. Each strategy contains a series of separate measures with different weights. The phase of quantifying preferences and elucidating utility functions is conducted based on the data available from previous studies and also the current survey. The measures include: installing water saving devices, awareness raising to change citizens’ water consumption pattern, adding new sources of surface water, investing on waste water utilization, migration control and repairing water distribution network.Different combinations of these measures provide different possibilities for formulating adaptation strategies. We compare two more discussed adaptation strategies of the spectrum of strategies; one is inclined toward exploiting more water resources while the other one is more focused on demand management. The former is mainly supported by water officials and the latter advocated by water experts we interviewed. The criteria of comparison are social acceptability, economic feasibility, time-efficiency and environmental tenability. By considering the uncertainty attributed to the criteria weights, the WEB-HIPRE DSS analysis shows that the demand-oriented strategy is the optimal one in most cases, however, if time-efficiency and/or economic feasibility gain very high significance, the strategy of water officials wins over that of experts.

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Negotiation is one of the key elements in the business activity. Traditional approach to negotiation takes place in a face-to-face environment. E-negotiations present all or part of the negotiating processes through the electronic media or digital channels, to transfer data or to help to achieve better negotiation effects. With the rapid development in E-Commerce, the Internet has becoming an important and inevitable channel of trade and business communication, as well as E-negotiations. Therefore, E-negotiation is progressively popularized and valued. In addition to assisting in communication and decision, the other significant contribution to adopt e-negotiation is to collect the complete and detailed data in every negotiation process, as well as the result. We are able to have clearer understanding in negotiation behavior through analyzing the negotiation behavior data, and therefore will be able to proceed to construct the theory of negotiation. The purpose of negotiations is to successfully agree on, explore which negotiation strategies minister to agreements, and to obtain more knowledge in achieving successful negotiations. Likewise, this is the purpose of this research. Inspire is the first web-based e-negotiation system, and built in 1996. The data collected by this system include users¡¦ demographic data, system usage, offers and counter offers, final agreements, strategy adopted, utility values, and so on. This research has collected 700 pairs of one-to-one negotiation activity records from Inspire negotiation support system, and has grouped negotiators into two groups, cooperative and non-cooperative, using the clustering analysis technology. These two groups manifest differences in the aspects of negotiation outcome and negotiation strategy.

With the performance enhancement of personal computers and the popularity of Microsoft Windowing Geographic Information System (GIS), it is becoming more viable in performing the distribution automated mapping and facility management (AM/FM). In this thesis, the relative structure of the graphic and attribute data of the distribution system with four feeders (LB33, LB34, LB35 and LB38) of the Taiwan Power Company (TPC) were built according to the true geography, referring to the street background. The related applications of the GIS included Distribution Information System (DIS) and Feeder Management Decision Support (FMDS) system by using MS Visual Basic object oriented programming. The proposed DIS links graphic objects and facility attribute data through the DDE connect and WinGIS Software, and provides a user-friendly Man-Machine Interface to manage the distribution database. As for FMDS, it is complicated to operate with colossal system information of the distribution systems. To enhance the operational efficiency and reduce cost, a fast and effective Feeder Management Decision Support is critical. With a user-friendly graphical user interface provided by mapping, effective database interface and related distribution system management algorithms, it is capable of providing the decision support, so a good decision can be made both normal and emergency conditions: 1. Decision support under the normal operation The decision system can reduce the line loss and maintain bus voltages with load transferal through feeder reconfiguration strategy. 2. Decision support under the emergency operation With fuzzy reasoning algorithm, security analysis will examine network security and an optimal switching strategy can solve the load recovery problem fast and effectively.

System Dynamics Model follow the procedure for ¡§data collecting ¡÷ model design ¡÷ analysis ¡÷ modification¡¨ to analyze problems on a project by project base; however, this process is just a principle report and it cannot directly and continuously affect business decision. Furthermore, after the completion of each project, data often is locked in the file room and cannot be reused. If simulation tools of System Dynamics allow user to connect the dynamics data source from the enterprise, potential benefits will be: 1. After analysis, with business data, model can be simulated time after time. This enable the repeating use of previous investment. 2. Decision makers can simulated condition of the future use the enterprise online data . The main purpose of this research at probe interaction of System Dynamics Model and data source. Under above-mentioned structure. In the phase, we propose to add a ¡§Data Source¡¨ component in traditional structure of the System Dynamics model. The new component will connected model and data source, and keep the independent executed of the model. And in addition to the design of the structure of the model, this research also according to the structure, design physical simulation tools ¡V we call the tool Maria. Maria can provide the function of building and simulating System Dynamics model like the traditional simulate tool, and connect model and dynamic data source. We use a simple model to prove the value of System Dynamics model and data source, and the future prospect of the structure.

In an event of environmental impact assessment (EIA), encouraging public participation is particular important during the process of open deliberation attributed to the following reasons. First, people may contribute vital environment information to support decision making for the authority in charge. Secondly, through the process of participation, not only satisfying the right of "be aware" for people but establishing the consensus toward a feasible alternative in advance. In the past several years, Decision Support Systems (DSS), through the integration of human intelligence and software engineering, has been widely used to solve semi-structure or ill-structure problems. Nevertheless, DDS is designed for single user. In most situations involving many stockholders, a decision may not be made simply by a single person but by a group of people after reaching some agreement. It is therefore important to develop Group Decision Support System (GDSS) to deal with such problems. The current research employs the concept of GDSS and develops the prototype of a GDSS for promoting "public participation" in EIA. Such system fully integrates various techniques to cover "Delphi", "Certainty Factor", and "3D Geographic Information System (GIS)". "Delphi" is used as the mechanism to facilitate the reduction of dissentient view, while "Certainty Factor" offers an easy yet effective approach to evaluate public opinion under a multi-criteria decision making environment. Finally people can visualize the future landscape of all alternatives with the virtual scene generated by 3D GIS. To make the general public aware the EIA related information, the GDSS also takes full advantage of the Internet to deliver message in multimedia form. The case study to demonstrate the usage of such GDSS is the transportation project of building a sightseeing cross-harbor cable car between Mt. qi-hou and Mt. shou. Through using the GDSS by the stockholders, more people are willing to take part in EIA and thus put "public participation" in practice. In consequence, the authority in charge of EIA may make more appropriate decision in light of the results from public participation.

To respond effectively in today's quickly changing, highly complex business environment, management must depend on organizational members' mental capacities to generate new and meaningful ideas. Consequently, creativity has evolved into a fundamental organizational resource useful in establishing and maintaining competitive advantage. One relatively new set of tools intended to augment the creative process is Idea-Generation Support System (IGSS). These computer-based tools are generally aimed at enhancing boundary-breaking, insightful thought during problem solving. However, if a IGSS were to directly enhance creative performance, the benefits could be multifaceted. For example, students could use the IGSS for reinforcing techniques learned in formal creativity training. Or, by matching IGSS tools to specific lesson needs, the IGSS might enable teachers to better enhance student's creative performance. Due to (1) the effects of culture gap on system performance and user satisfaction, (2) the lack of clear empirical evidence concerning the value of an IGSS, there is also little theoretical justification. Each IGSS appears to provide a different methodology for enhancing creativity with little more than anecdotal reasoning to justify the approach; a laboratory experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance of IGSS developed in Taiwan. The results suggest that responses generated with software support are significantly more novel and valuable than responses without software support. It is hoped the findings from this investigation can be used to improve individual creative performance, further research concerning factors relevant to creativity, and guide future IGSS development efforts.

The purpose of this study is to design, develop, and evaluate a prototype scenarioassisted decision support system (DSS) for use in venture and alternative assessment during the predevelopment stage of income-producing real estate development. This research examines theoretical underpinnings and associated advancements related to income-producing real estate development and decision support systems. Particular emphasis was placed on synthesis of relating disciplines?? models and advancements that support design and development of the decision support system. The result of the system design and development are embodied in a prototype scenario-assisted decision support system for income-producing real estate development (DSSVenture). The design and development of the program are documented in this dissertation. Following the design and development stage, the validation of DSSVenture??s data and logic models was conducted based on two case studies from well-known real estate development publications. The system was then tested on a group of graduate students who enrolled in an advanced real estate development course at Texas A&M University to examine whether its facilitation objective had been achieved. Since this research hypothesized that the decision support system would facilitate developers?? decision making during predevelopment stage of income-producing real estate development, three operational variables were tested, namely number of alternatives examined, time to reach decisions, and coefficient of projected net present value variations. The testing results indicate that DSSVenture system significantly enhances comprehensiveness of the decision context by increasing the number of alternatives for developers. Since the use of the system significantly reduces developers?? time to reach decisions, the efficiency of decision making is improved. Finally, the results of the study confirm that the use of DSSVenture system substantially diminishes variation of profit projection among decision makers. Therefore, the facilitation objective is achieved.