Neste trabalho é descrita a organização de SINSEM, um sistema de processamento automático de especificação SINtático-SEMânticas de linguagens de programação. É colocada a motivação para um tal sistema, em relação ao uso que se daria a ele. O sistema é situado entre sistemas similares, dos quais alguns são brevemente descritos, incluindo-se exemplos de uso. Procura-se estabelecer conceitos relativos as trabalho com sistemas de auxilio ao projeto e à implementação de linguagens de programação. É discutida a estrutura lógica do sistema e uma filosofia de utilização, bem como é apresentada a nova metalinguagem proposta construído a partir da notação BNF, com extensões para se exprimir a semântica de uma linguagem de um modo construtivo, permitindo a especificação de gramáticas livres do contexto sem recursões a esquerda, visando a produção de reconhecedores recursivos descendentes dotados de ações semânticas. São apresentadas a sintaxe concreta e estática da metalinguagem, explicando-se também as funções semânticas (do tipo estático e do tipo concreto) pré-definidas no ambiente de desenvolvimento onde a ferramenta se integra. Tal ambiente pode ser operado por um conjunto de comandos que constituem uma interface (o "envelope"), que inclui também uma biblioteca sintático-semântica (que pode ser atualizada pelo usuário). A interface é descrita por meio de DFD'S E DE UM DICIONÁRIO DE DADOS. Ao final é apresentado um exemplo, parcialmente comentado (capítulo 5), de definição completa de uma linguagem de programação (CSSD), usando-se a metalinguagem proposta e os itens pré-definidos da biblioteca sintático-semântica. / In this work it is specified the constitution of SINSEM, an automatic processing system for SYNtactic and SEMantic specifications of programming languages. it is discussed motivation for such a system, according to uses it could have. The system is situated among similar systems, and some of these are briefly described, including examples. It is attempted to establish concepts about working with ,design and implementation aiding systems for programming languages. It is discussed the logical structure of the system and a philosophy of use, as well is presented a new metalanguage proposal for syntactic and semantic descriptions that is a production system constructed from BNF notation, with extensions to give language semantics in a constructive way, allowing specification of free context grammars with no left recursions, aiming the generation of preliminary versions of recursive descent parsers with semantic actions. The abstract and concrete syntax of the metalanguage are presented, and are also explained the semantic functions (of static and concrete type) predefined with and within the development environment where this frame is inserted. That environment can be operated by a set of commands that constitutes an interface ( the " envelope") wich includes too a syntactic-semantic library ( this can be made up to date by the user own). The interface is described by means of a set of DFD's and a data dictionary. At the end. it is presented an example, partially commented (chapter 5), of a complete definition of a programming language ( CSSD ), using the proposed metalanguage and the predefined items of the syntactic-semantic iibrary.

A utilização de biomassa vegetal para produção de etanol como forma de substituição dos combustíveis fósseis, é uma alternativa explorada por diversos países. O Brasil, segundo produtor mundial de etanol, utiliza como principal matéria-prima a cana-de-açúcar. Entretanto, com a possibilidade da extração de etanol de outras matérias-primas já realizados em outros países, como EUA, China, União Européia, surge, no estado do Mato Grosso, Brasil, o interesse em processar mandioca, milho e sorgo sacarino para produção do etanol. Utilizando-se do aporte teórico da Teoria da Localização, este trabalho tem por objetivo, avaliar a viabilidade da produção de etanol a partir de uma planta multi-produto na região Oeste do estado do Mato Grosso. Com a utilização de modelagem matemática, avaliou-se o local ideal para construção de uma planta industrial, bem como os custos de produção para as matérias-primas provindas de cada município. Os resultados apontam para viabilidade econômica do processamento da mandioca e do sorgo sacarino para produção de etanol em alguns municípios da região. O processamento dessas duas culturas para produção de etanol pode vir a modificar o sistema produtivo atual, aumentando as áreas destinadas ao cultivo de mandioca e sorgo sacarino, diminuindo a dependência dos programas de subsídios para o escoamento da produção do milho. A cultura do sorgo sacarino se inviabiliza conforme o aumento da necessidade de transporte. A cultura do milho, mesmo com a venda do subproduto protéico, mostrou-se inviável do ponto de vista econômico para produção de etanol. / The use of biomass for ethanol production as a way to replace fossil fuels, an alternative explored by several countries. In Brazil, the second largest producer in the world, the main raw material used for ethanol production is sugarcane. However, with the possibility of extracting ethanol from other feedstocks as already made in other countries such as USA, China, Hong Kong, in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil, there is a growing interest in processing cassava, maize and sweet sorghum for production of ethanol. Using the Theory of Location, this article is aimed at the evaluation of the feasibility of producing ethanol in a multi-product plant in the Western state of Mato Grosso. Using mathematical modeling, we evaluated the ideal location for building an industrial plant and calculated the production costs for raw materials coming from each neighbor municipality. The results point to the economic viability of the processing of cassava and sweet sorghum for ethanol production in some city areas. The processing of these two crops to produce ethanol is likely to modify the current production system, increasing the areas for the cultivation of cassava and sweet sorghum, and reducing the dependence on subsidy programs for marketing of corn production. The cultivation of sweet sorghum is unfeasible with increasing need for transportation. The corn crop, even with the sale of DDGS, proved to be unfeasible economically for ethanol production.

Os sistemas de triagem têm sido utilizados nos serviços de emergência (SE) para determinar a prioridade clínica dos pacientes de acordo com o risco potencial, o nível de gravidade ou o sofrimento do paciente. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar o sistema de triagem desenvolvido no Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA). Este foi um estudo retrospectivo com base de dados originada dos prontuários dos pacientes. A confiabilidade do sistema foi analisada através do acordo interobservadores e a validade usando o nível de triagem como uma variável independente para os seguintes desfechos clínicos: hospitalização, hospitalização de pacientes triados como não urgentes, os óbitos ocorridos dentro de 60 dias, tempo de permanência no SE e retorno não programado ao SE no prazo de 7 dias. O sistema de triagem do HCPA apresentou validade com confiabilidade variando de moderada a forte e correlação significativa entre o nível da triagem e os desfechos clínicos analisados. / The triage systems have been used in emergency departments (SE) to determine the clinical priority of patients according the potential risk, the level of severity or the patient's suffering. This study aimed to evaluate the triage system developed at Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA). This was a retrospective study with database originated of the clinical records of patients. The reliability of the system was analyzed through the interrater agreement and the validity of system using the level of triage as an independent variable for the following clinical outcomes: hospitalization, hospitalization of patients triaged as non-urgent, deaths within 60 days, length of stay in the SE and the unscheduled return to the SE within 7 days. The sorting system of HCPA presented validity with reliability ranging from to moderate to strong and significant correlation between the level of triage and to clinical outcomes analyzed.

Orientador: Leonardo de Souza Mendes / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T01:51:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marques_EduardoZanoni_M.pdf: 1428094 bytes, checksum: ab4b7bc4527f7bb075ba68a6c6b3c948 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: A análise e interpretação dos dados gerados pelos sistemas de informação é uma realidade para as organizações públicas e privadas. Para atender a esta necessidade, surgiram os Sistemas de Suporte à Decisão. Dentre estes, os sistemas de Business Intelligence foram e estão sendo adotados pelo setor privado. No entanto, poucos trabalhos discutem a adoção destes sistemas para o setor público. Este trabalho discute as formas como os sistemas de Business Intelligence podem ser aplicados para auxiliar a administração pública, considerando as particularidades existentes neste setor. Ainda, este trabalho apresenta uma proposta pra construção de um ambiente de Business Intelligence utilizando ferramentas e tecnologias de código aberto. Este ambiente foi aplicado em um cenário real, onde é feita análise dos dados sociais da cidade de Campinas, SP / Abstract: The analysis and interpretation of data generated by information systems is a reality for both public and private organizations. As a solution to this problem, the Decision Support Systems were created. Among those, Business Intelligence systems were and are being adopted in the private organizations. Even though, just a few papers discuss the adoption of these systems in public organizations. This dissertation discusses how Business Intelligence systems can be applied to support public administration, considering the public organizations particularities. Still, it presents a proposal to create a Business Intelligence environment using open source tools and technologies. This environment was applied in a real scenario, where the social data from the city of Campinas, SP, was analyzed / Mestrado / Telecomunicações e Telemática / Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica

In this study, an attempt is made to apply Decision Support Systems (DSS) in planning for the expansion of energy generation infrastructure in Nigeria. There is an increasing demand for energy in that country, and the study will try to show that DSS modelling, using A Mathematical Programming Language (AMPL) as the modelling tool, can offer satisficing results which would be a good decision support resource for motivating how to expend investment for energy generation. / +46707267798

Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the Master's Degree in Information and Communication Technology, Durban, University of Technology, Durban, South Africa, 2017. / This dissertation reports on the development of an algorithm based on an existing matchmaking method to solve diverse decision problems in a multi-person environment. The capacity to effectively achieve a lucrative and accurate decision making is a critical aspect of resource management. But the accuracy of a decision making process can be highly compromised because of the high subjectivity and multiple conflicting attributes that are present in human judgement. multi-person decision making is an effective approach for achieving a lucrative and accurate decision making process. The multi-person decision process has proven to be tedious mainly because the existing multi-person decision making methods are extensions of single decision making methods. This imposes additional computational resources, especially for a large number of decision makers because they aggregate the preferences of several decision makers into a unified format.This work therefore seeks to improve the multi-person decision making process using a matchmaking approach. In doing so, the Hunt ForTune matchmaking algorithm was investigated and improved for this purpose. Thus, the preferences of decision makers for each attribute are collected as an attribute description vector. The attribute, its description vector, flexibility and priority vector are compactly represented as a 4-tuple profile. The improved Hunt ForTune matchmaking algorithm is applied to different sets of multi-person decision problems and offered as an effective way of enhancing decision accuracy. The improved matchmaking decision algorithm is compared with a novel mathematical technique of Hausdorff distance. Results generally show that multi-person matchmaking algorithm is suitable and efficient for diverse decision making in the presence of multiple decision makers. The practical implication of the proposed multi-person matchmaking algorithm for decision making is that it provides a less complicated way to capture and represent the preferences of multiple decision makers irrespective of decision domain. The originality of the work reported in this dissertation is built on a matchmaking algorithm by introducing effective profile representation using vector analysis approach to capture the preferences of multiple decision makers and similarity metrics to provide an efficient and robust way to accurately perform a multi-person decision process. / M

Today's technological development means that organizations are constantly evolving. This means that the market, which the organizations operate in, is constantly changing and becoming more complex to interpret. This development increases the demand to forecast possible outcomes and receive real-time information from the operations – i.e., obtain the most accurate data for decision-support. To make this possible, organizations need so-called ‘decision support systems’; IT-tools that rapidly provide decision makers with information based on relevant data. To obtain the highest possible value from the systems, they must seamlessly integrate and interact with the organization. This study examines how decision support systems, organizations and users relate to each other in an organizational context. The aim is to provide an insight into the limitations and possibilities of human behaviour, technological development and organizational structure to create and enable relevant and effective decision support systems. The paper’s theoretical framework is based on Orlikowski’s (1992) structurational model. The empirical material consists of semi-structured interviews, which are analysed based on Orlikowski’s model. The results show that although there is a common understanding on how the different factors should interact in order for the decision support systems to function the respondents neglected their own influence as users of the systems. / Dagens teknikutveckling medför att organisationer hela tiden utvecklas och förändras. Det i sin tur medför att den marknad organisationer agerar på förändras och blir alltmer komplex att tolka. Denna utveckling ökar efterfrågan att förutspå sannolika utfall, få information om verksamheten i realtid, kort sagt få ett korrekt beslutsunderlag. För att detta ska vara möjligt behövs IT-verktyg som snabbt kan förse beslutsfattare med underlag som grundar sig på relevanta data, så kallade beslutsstödsystem. För att få ut mesta möjliga värde från beslutsstödsystemen ställs höga krav på att de integreras och samverkar med organisationen. I studien undersöks hur beslutsstödsystem, organisationer och användare förhåller sig till varandra i en organisatorisk kontext. Målet är att ge en inblick i de begränsningar och möjligheter människors agerande, teknikens utveckling och organisationens struktur skapar för att möjliggöra relevanta och effektiva system för beslutsstöd. Studiens teoretiska ramverk tar sin utgångspunkt i Orlikowskis (1992) struktureringsmodell. Det empiriska materialet utgörs av semistrukturerade intervjuer som analyseras med utgångspunkt från Orlikowskis modell. Resultatet visar att även om det överlag finns en förståelse för hur olika faktorer bör samspela för att beslutsstödsystemen ska fungera, tonar respondenterna ner sin egen betydelse som användare av systemen.

This paper describes the development of a simulation model for the ambulance flow in the Västra Götalands-region of Sweden, and an analysis tool for the output of the simulation model. The aim of the simulation model was to be able to evaluate the outcome from changes in the ambulance operations, such as a reorganization of ambulances or an increase in intensity of the ambulance calls. This evaluation is meant to serve as decision support for the strategic planning of the ambulance operations. The analysis tool was developed to visualize the abundant geographical data produced by the simulation model in a meaningful way. The simulation model was validated against historical data which showed that the dispatch time for the highest prioritized ambulance calls corresponds well with historical data. However, other metrics indicates that further modelling might be required to increase the accuracy of the simulation model. Most notable, ambulance dispatches for ambulance calls of lower priority differed significantly from historical data. Specific modifications to the model to correct this difference are mentioned. Finally, there are some suggestions for improving the accuracy of the simulation model and a brief discussion about future development. / Denna uppsats behandlar utvecklingen av en simuleringsmodell över ambulansverksamheten i Västra Götalands-regionen samt ett analys verktyg som visualiserar den geografiska data som produceras av simuleringsmodellen. Syftet med simuleringsmodellen var att kunna undersöka hur ambulansverksamheten påverkas av olika förändringar, till exempel en ökning av antalet nödsamtal eller en omstationering av ambulansfordon. Speciellt intressant är att mäta vilken påverkan dessa förändringar har på framkörningstiden (tiden från att ett samtal ankommer tills att ambulansen anländer på plats). Verktyget är i framtiden tänkt att användas som beslutsstöd för den strategiska planeringen av ambulansverksamheten. Simuleringsmodellen validerades mot historiskt data, vilket visade delvis goda resultat. Framför allt överrensstämmer framkörningstiden för de högst prioriterade ambulansärendena väl med historisk data. För lägre prioriterade ambulansärenden kvarstår dock systematiska skillnader mellan simulerad- och historisk framkörningstid. Möjliga orsaker till dessa skillnader diskuteras och förslag ges på hur man kan korrigera detta. Uppsatsen avslutas med förslag på hur simuleringsmodellen kan förbättras samt en kort diskussion om framtida utveckling.

This article seeks to enhance acceptance of the profile distance method (PDM) in decision support systems. The PDM is a multiple attributive based decision making as well as a multiple method approach to support complex decision making and uses a heuristic to avoid computationally complex global optimization. We elaborate on the usability of the method and question the heuristic used. We present a bisection algorithm, which efficiently supports the discovery of transition profiles needed in a user-friendly and practical application of the method. Additionally, we provide empirical evidence showing that the proposed heuristic is efficient and delivers results within 5% of the global optimizer for a wide range of data sets.

Mobilt Kärnnät (MKN) är benämningen på kommunikationsinfrastrukturen i Försvarsmaktens Ledningssystem IO 2014. MKN realiseras genom sammankoppling av mobila noder som är grupperade vid staber och förband inom markarenan. Ett flertal transmissionssystem och transmissionsmedia kan användas för sammankoppling. I detta arbete har sammankoppling med två olika radiolänksystem studerats. Radiolänk 371 utvecklades för att hantera transmissionen i arméns tidigare sambandssystem, Telesystem 9000. Radiolänk 373 är under utveckling och införande. Utgångspunkten för jämförelsen har varit MKN kravställning. Kraven har inordnats under ett urval den militära lämplighetens indikatorer, som är en del i konceptet för militär nytta, för att ge svar på om det införandet av det nya systemet kan bidra till den militära nyttan. Arbetet indikerar att införandet av ett nytt radiolänksystem som transmissionssystem i MKN kommer att bidra till den militära nyttan genom ökad överföringskapacitet i nätet, möjligheter till större flexibilitet vid upprättande av transmissionsnätet och det nya radiolänksystemets förmåga att sända och mottaga i två riktningar samtidigt, med olika moduleringsformer, med endast en utrustning. / Radio relay links is used to connect the system nodes within the land component commands communication network structure. The radio relay link-system used today, Radio relay link 371, was developed in the mid-80s to support the former communication network structure, Telecommunication System 9000. The development of technology since has made the old radio relay link outdated and the Swedish Defence Materiel Administration has developed a new radio relay link system, RL 373, to the Swedish Armed Forces. The purpose of this study was to examine whether the new radio relay link better contributed to the military utility, by comparing the two radio relay link systems towards the demands that are set for the communication network structure. The study indicates that the implementation of the new radio relay link better contributes to the military utility by adding increased flexibility, both tactical and technical and it also supports higher transmission speeds. The new system is also able to establish two connections in different directions from one piece of equipment and the adaptive modulation capability built in the system also contributes to the desired flexibility.