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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

Conception et caractérisation d'un dispositif à base de nanopores destiné à l'enregistrement électrique de l'activité de canaux ioniques membranaires / Design and characterisation of a nanopores based device dedicated to the electrical recording of membrane ion channels activity

Marchand, Raphaël 13 July 2016 (has links)
Les canaux ioniques sont des protéines membranaires permettant le transport ionique au travers des membranes biologiques. Du fait de leur omniprésence dans l'organisme, ils représentent une classe de cibles thérapeutiques encore actuellement peu exploitée du fait de limitations expérimentales dans leur étude. La mesure électrique de l'activité des canaux ioniques au sein de bicouches biomimétiques reconstituées in vitro permettrait de répondre à ces limitations. Cependant, il n'existe actuellement pas de système satisfaisant au cahier des charges complet pour de telles analyses : stabilité et pureté de la bicouche, faible niveau de bruit, insertion rapide des canaux ioniques, intégration dans un dispositif fluidique, possibilité de mener une caractérisation optique simultanée. L'objectif de ces travaux de thèse était d'évaluer dans quelle mesure l'utilisation d'un substrat SOI (Silicon On Insulator) comprenant des nanopores pourrait permettre de répondre à tous ces critères. Des nanopores de diamètre compris entre 10 nm et 160 nm ont été réalisés à partir d'un substrat SOI. Une cellule fluidique transparente est utilisée pour l'adressage fluidique. Cette cellule permet d'autre part la double caractérisation électrique et optique. Les propriétés électriques en milieu liquide du dispositif ont été étudiées et permettent de dégager des perspectives d'amélioration. La double caractérisation électrique et optique est démontrée au moyen d'expériences de capture de nanoparticules fluorescentes sur les nanopores. Enfin, des premiers résultats prometteurs d'obtention d'une bicouche lipidique suspendue sont présentés. / Ion channels are membrane proteins responsible for ion transport across biological membranes. Due to their ubiquity, they are promising drug targets but are not yet fully exploited as such due to experimental restrictions in their study. Electrical measurement of ion channels activity within in vitro artificial lipid bilayers would enable to overcome these restrictions. However, there is not yet a system satisfying all the requirements for ion channels studies: stability and purity of the lipid bilayer, low noise level, fast insertion of ion channels, fluidic integration, ability to perform simultaneous optical characterization. The aim of this phD was to assess in which extent the use of an SOI (Silicon On Insulator) substrate bearing nanopores could satisfy all these requirements. 10 nm to 160 nm diameter nanopores were fabricated in an SOI substrate and characterized. A transparent fluidic cell was used for fluidic addressing. This transparent cell allows combined electrical and optical characterization. Electrical properties of the device in aqueous environment were studied, allowing to bring out improvement prospects. The combined electrical and optical characterization was demonstrated with fluorescent nanoparticle trapping experiments on the nanopores. Finally, promising results about the formation of a free-standing lipid bilayer are presented.
22

Biophysical Characterization of Cell-Penetrating Peptides for Cargo Delivery or Lipid-Sensing

Vinay K. Menon (15295864) 13 June 2023 (has links)
<p>Peptides, specifically cell-penetrating peptides (CPP), have become wonderful research tools due to their enhanced stability, solubility, and ease of synthesis. They have been used for a wide range of biomedical applications, from insecticides to biosensors and drug-delivery scaffolds. The work presented in this dissertation characterizes the biophysical properties of two different CPPs. The first is the cationic amphiphilic polyproline helix (CAPH) peptide, P14LRR. In addition to cell penetration, this CPP has demonstrated broad spectrum antibacterial properties. Fluorescence polarization (FP) and SEC-MALS were conducted to understand the dissociation constant (KD) and oligomerization effects of P14LRR with respect to its putative molecular target in Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). A biotinylated derivative of this peptide was also used as a drug-delivery scaffold to transport fluorescently conjugated streptavidin into mammalian cells. A second CPP, DAN13, was also developed as a biosensor for phosphoinositide lipids, specifically PI(4,5)P2. This was effected through careful calibration using stacked supported lipid bilayers (SSLB) in combination with total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy. This was then used to determine the absolute densities and spatial distribution of PIP2 in live KRas mutant cells.</p>
23

Untersuchung der Struktur und Dynamik von T4 Lysozym auf planaren Oberflächen mittels ESR-Spektroskopie

Jacobsen, Kerstin 29 August 2005 (has links)
Es ist eine allgemein akzeptierte Tatsache, dass der Kontakt von Proteinen mit synthetischen Materialien üblicherweise zur Proteinadsorption an der Materialoberfläche führt. Über den stattfindenden Prozess, insbesondere das Zusammenspiel zwischen Protein-Oberflächen-Wechselwirkungen und konformellen Änderungen der adsorbierten Proteine ist jedoch bisher nur wenig bekannt. In dieser Arbeit wird die ortsgerichtete Spinmarkierungstechnik (SDSL) auf die Strukturuntersuchung adsorbierter Proteine ausgeweitet. Diese nutzt das spezifische Einbringen einer spinmarkierte Seitenkette an gewünschte Positionen der Primärstruktur zur Analyse der Struktur und Dynamik diamagnetischer Proteine mittels der Elektronenspinresonanz(ESR)-Spektroskopie. Das globuläre Protein T4 Lysozym (T4L) wurde auf planare Modelloberflächen adsorbiert und strukturelle Änderungen in Abhängigkeit der physikalischen und chemischen Eigenschaften der Oberfläche verfolgt. Die spezifische Anbindung von T4L auf quarzgestützten zwitterionische Lipiddoppelschichten führt nur zu geringfügigen strukturellen Veränderungen des Proteins. Allerdings bildet sich eine makroskopisch geordnete Proteinschicht aus. Die Vorzugsrichtung der Proteine auf der Oberfläche kann durch Analyse der winkelabhängigen ESR-Spektren bestimmt werden. Die Wechselwirkung negativ geladener Oberflächen mit dem positiv geladenen T4L führt zu drastischeren Störungen der Proteinstruktur. Hierbei wird die Reaktion des Proteins auf den Kontakt mit einer fluiden quarzgestützten Lipiddoppelschicht, die das negativ geladenen Lipid Phosphatidylserin enthält, mit derer bei Adsorption auf einer ebenfalls negativ geladenen, jedoch rigiden Quarzoberfläche verglichen. Dass der Adsorptionsprozess auch das Substrat selbst beeinflussen kann, wird durch die Beobachtung einer Phasentrennung bei Proteinadsorption des Lipidgemischs aufgezeigt, das negativ geladene Lipide enthält. / Although it is commonly accepted that the exposition of proteins to man-made materials typically results in protein adsorption on the material surface, little is known about the interplay between the protein-surface interactions involved and the resulting conformational changes of the adsorbing protein. In this study the site-directed spin labeling (SDSL) approach has been extended to the investigation of proteins adsorbed to planar surfaces. The method involves the selective introduction of an artificial spin-labeled side-chain to a predefined residue of the amino acid sequence and allows the determination of the structure and dynamics of proteins by analysis of the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra. The globular protein T4 Lysozyme (T4L) has been adsorbed to planar model surfaces to study the correlation between conformational changes of the protein and the physical and chemical properties of the surfaces. Tethering T4L to a planar quartz-supported zwitterionic lipid bilayer shows only minor changes in the structure of the protein. Furthermore, a macroscopic order of the adsorbed protein layer is proven by angular-dependent EPR spectra which allow the determination of the protein orientation. Offering surfaces that are net negatively charged to the highly positively charged T4L leads to the observation of more drastic conformational changes. Here, the conformation of T4L adsorbing to a fluid quartz-supported lipid bilayer containing negatively charged lipids is compared to the structure of T4L adsorbed to the negatively charged but rigid quartz surface. The adsorption process may also influence the substrate itself. This can be shown by the phase separation of the negatively charged lipid bilayer upon protein adsorption.

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