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Introdução: Os tratamentos para tumores gastrointestinais incluem procedimentos endoscópicos demorados e operações invasivas. Objetivo: Avaliação da exequibilidade e resultados da técnica de ressecção gástrica de todas as camadas da parede (FTEGR) realizada através de um grampeador linear introduzido por uma gastrostomia. Método: Foram estudados dez suínos. Primeiramente, realizou-se uma gastrostomia por punção através da qual se introduziu um trocarte laparoscópico. Suturas foram realizadas na parede gástrica, próximas à área de ressecção, para tracioná-la. Para realizar estas suturas uma câmara plástica foi acoplada à ponta distal do endoscópio, com a finalidade de aspirar a região desejada e introduzir uma agulha com um T-tag (dispositivo em \"T\") montado em um fio de nylon 2-0. Esta sutura com T-tag foi então tracionada em direção à boca do animal, formando uma tenda, incluindo todas as camadas da parede do estômago. Desacoplou-se a câmara plástica do endoscópio, o qual foi reintroduzido no estômago para se visualizar, orientar e auxiliar na ressecção. Um grampeador linear foi introduzido pela gastrostomia, colocado ao redor da base da tenda e então disparado. O espécime foi removido através da boca. O grampeador foi retirado, seguido pela retirada do trocarte. Finalmente, a gastrostomia foi fechada. Ao término do procedimento sete animais foram sacrificados e submetidos a laparotomia. Os demais três animais foram observados clinicamente por 4 semanas após o que realizou se uma endoscopia seguida da laparotomia. Resultados: FTEGR foi factível e todos os espécimes incluíram a serosa com fechamento completo da área ressecada. Foram ressecados espécimes com 8,0 cm (6-10 cm) de comprimento e 5,0 cm (4,2-6,2 cm) de largura, em média. O tempo médio dos procedimentos foi de 78 min (72-85 min.). Todos os procedimentos foram efetivos e não ocorreram complicações. Conclusão: A técnica de FTEGR em modelo suíno é exequível, não expõe a cavidade peritoneal e pode ser realizada sem complicações / Background: Treatments for gastrointestinal tumors include time-consuming endoscopic procedures and invasive surgeries. Aim: To evaluate the feasibility and results of a full-thickness endoscopic gastric resection technique (FTEGR) performed using a stapler inserted through a gastrostomy. Methods: Ten pigs were used. Firstly, a push gastrostomy was performed through which a laparoscopic trocar was inserted. Sutures were placed on the stomach wall near the resection area to hold on this area. To perform these sutures plastic chamber was assembled at the distal tip of the endoscope to aspirate the aimed region and insert a needle with an assembled T-tag mounted with a 2-0 nylon thread. This T-tag stitch was then pulled toward the animal\'s mouth to form a tent including all stomach\'s layers. The plastic chamber was then disengaged from the endoscope, which was reintroduced into the stomach to visualize, guide and aid in resection. A linear stapler was inserted through the gastrostomy, placed around the base of the tent and then utilized. The specimen was removed through the mouth. The stapler was withdrawn, followed by the withdrawal of the trocar. Finally, the gastrostomy was closed. At the end of the procedure seven animals were sacrificed and submitted to laparotomy. The other three animals were observed clinically for 4 weeks after and then it was performed an endoscopy followed by euthanasia and a laparotomy. Results: FTEGR was possible and all specimens included the serosa with complete closure of the resected area. Samples 8.0 cm (6-10 cm) long and 5.0 cm (4.2-6.2 cm) wide were resected on average. The mean time to perform FTEGR was 78 min (72-85). All procedures were feasible and there were no complications. Conclusion: The FTEGR technique in pig model is feasible, it does not expose the peritoneal cavity to the contamination and can be performed without complications

INTRODUÇÃO: A microanastomose vascular é um componente importante na cirurgia de transferência livre de tecidos. Atualmente, a técnica de sutura convencional ainda é considerada o padrão ouro, no entanto, ela apresenta alguns inconvenientes por ser tecnicamente difícil, consumir muito tempo e ter uma longa curva de aprendizado. Na busca de uma técnica mais fácil e rápida, métodos alternativos de anastomose são estudados incluindo a cola de fibrina. Apesar dos bons resultados publicados, a sua aceitação na prática clínica ainda é limitada. Controvérsias a cerca de sua trombogenicidade e resistência mecânica geram dúvidas em relação a sua segurança. A ausência de um modelo experimental mais fidedigno impede que os potenciais benefícios de sua aplicação clínica sejam apreciados. O objetivo deste estudo é esclarecer essas controvérsias e estudar os benefícios da aplicação da cola de fibrina em um ambiente que simule a prática clínica. MÉTODOS: O modelo experimental utilizado foi a transferência livre de um retalho inguinal para a região cervical anterior. A circulação do retalho era restaurada através de microanastomoses vasculares entre as artérias femoral e carótida (término-lateral) e entre as veias femoral e jugular externa (término-terminal). Utilizamos 20 coelhos que foram divididos em dois grupos (n= 10) de acordo com a técnica de sutura empregada: Grupo I (sutura convencional) e Grupo II (sutura com cola). RESULTADOS: A aplicação da cola de fibrina reduziu significativamente o número de pontos necessários para se completar as anastomoses, 4 pontos a menos nas artérias e 4,5 pontos a menos nas veias. No Grupo I, a média do tempo de anastomose arterial foi de 17,21 minutos, contra 12,72 minutos no Grupo II. Nas anastomoses venosas, a média de tempo no Grupo I foi de 22,93 minutos, contra 16,57 minutos no Grupo II. A aplicação da cola de fibrina também diminuiu o tempo de isquemia do retalho e o tempo de cirurgia em 11,5 minutos e 15,67 minutos, respectivamente. A taxa de sobrevida do retalho foi de 90% nos dois grupos. CONCLUSÕES: A aplicação da cola de fibrina em microanastomoses vasculares demonstrou ser confiável e eficiente no presente estudo. / INTRODUCTION: Microvascular anastomosis is an important component of the free flap surgical procedure. Currently, the conventional suture is still considered the gold standard technique. However, it presents some problems for being technically demanding, time consuming and with a long learning curve. In looking for an easier and faster technique, alternative methods of anastomosis were studied including the fibrin glue. Despite the good results reported in the literature, its acceptance in the clinical setting is still small Controversies regarding its thrombogenicity and mechanical resistance create some concerns about its safeness. The absence of a more realistic experimental model has not allow a full aprecciation of its potencial benefits in clinical use. The aim of this study is clarify these controversies and demonstrate the advantages of fibrin glue application in an environment that can reproduce the clinical practice. METHODS: A free inguinal flap transfer to the anterior cervical region was used as experimental model. The circulation of the flap was restored by means of microvascular anastomosis between the femoral and carotid arteries (end-to-side) and between the femoral and jugular veins (end-to end). The procedures were performed in 20 rabbits that were divided into two groups (n= 10) according to the anastomosis technique: Group I (conventional) and Group II (fibrin glue). RESULTS: The application of fibrin glue significantly reduced the amount of sutures required to complete the anastomoses: 4 less sutures in the arteries and 4,5 less sutures in the veins. In Group I, the mean arterial anastomosis time was 17,21 minutes against 12,72 minutes in Group II. In the veins, the mean anastomosis time in Group I was 22,93 minutes against 16,57 minutes in Group II. The application of fibrin glue also reduced the flap ischemic time and the total operative time by 11,5 minutes and 15,67 minutes, respectively. The flaps\' survival rate was 90% in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: The application of fibrin glue in microvascular anastomoses was reliable and effective in this study.

INTRODUÇÃO: A microanastomose vascular é um componente importante na cirurgia de transferência livre de tecidos. Atualmente, a técnica de sutura convencional ainda é considerada o padrão ouro, no entanto, ela apresenta alguns inconvenientes por ser tecnicamente difícil, consumir muito tempo e ter uma longa curva de aprendizado. Na busca de uma técnica mais fácil e rápida, métodos alternativos de anastomose são estudados incluindo a cola de fibrina. Apesar dos bons resultados publicados, a sua aceitação na prática clínica ainda é limitada. Controvérsias a cerca de sua trombogenicidade e resistência mecânica geram dúvidas em relação a sua segurança. A ausência de um modelo experimental mais fidedigno impede que os potenciais benefícios de sua aplicação clínica sejam apreciados. O objetivo deste estudo é esclarecer essas controvérsias e estudar os benefícios da aplicação da cola de fibrina em um ambiente que simule a prática clínica. MÉTODOS: O modelo experimental utilizado foi a transferência livre de um retalho inguinal para a região cervical anterior. A circulação do retalho era restaurada através de microanastomoses vasculares entre as artérias femoral e carótida (término-lateral) e entre as veias femoral e jugular externa (término-terminal). Utilizamos 20 coelhos que foram divididos em dois grupos (n= 10) de acordo com a técnica de sutura empregada: Grupo I (sutura convencional) e Grupo II (sutura com cola). RESULTADOS: A aplicação da cola de fibrina reduziu significativamente o número de pontos necessários para se completar as anastomoses, 4 pontos a menos nas artérias e 4,5 pontos a menos nas veias. No Grupo I, a média do tempo de anastomose arterial foi de 17,21 minutos, contra 12,72 minutos no Grupo II. Nas anastomoses venosas, a média de tempo no Grupo I foi de 22,93 minutos, contra 16,57 minutos no Grupo II. A aplicação da cola de fibrina também diminuiu o tempo de isquemia do retalho e o tempo de cirurgia em 11,5 minutos e 15,67 minutos, respectivamente. A taxa de sobrevida do retalho foi de 90% nos dois grupos. CONCLUSÕES: A aplicação da cola de fibrina em microanastomoses vasculares demonstrou ser confiável e eficiente no presente estudo. / INTRODUCTION: Microvascular anastomosis is an important component of the free flap surgical procedure. Currently, the conventional suture is still considered the gold standard technique. However, it presents some problems for being technically demanding, time consuming and with a long learning curve. In looking for an easier and faster technique, alternative methods of anastomosis were studied including the fibrin glue. Despite the good results reported in the literature, its acceptance in the clinical setting is still small Controversies regarding its thrombogenicity and mechanical resistance create some concerns about its safeness. The absence of a more realistic experimental model has not allow a full aprecciation of its potencial benefits in clinical use. The aim of this study is clarify these controversies and demonstrate the advantages of fibrin glue application in an environment that can reproduce the clinical practice. METHODS: A free inguinal flap transfer to the anterior cervical region was used as experimental model. The circulation of the flap was restored by means of microvascular anastomosis between the femoral and carotid arteries (end-to-side) and between the femoral and jugular veins (end-to end). The procedures were performed in 20 rabbits that were divided into two groups (n= 10) according to the anastomosis technique: Group I (conventional) and Group II (fibrin glue). RESULTS: The application of fibrin glue significantly reduced the amount of sutures required to complete the anastomoses: 4 less sutures in the arteries and 4,5 less sutures in the veins. In Group I, the mean arterial anastomosis time was 17,21 minutes against 12,72 minutes in Group II. In the veins, the mean anastomosis time in Group I was 22,93 minutes against 16,57 minutes in Group II. The application of fibrin glue also reduced the flap ischemic time and the total operative time by 11,5 minutes and 15,67 minutes, respectively. The flaps\' survival rate was 90% in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: The application of fibrin glue in microvascular anastomoses was reliable and effective in this study.

Submitted in partial compliance with the requirements of the Master’s Degree in Technology: Homoeopathy, Department of Homeopathy, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa, 2016. / Introduction This research study investigated the efficacy of a homoeopathic protocol in the post-surgical wound management of medical male circumcision (MMC) in the KwaZulu-Natal region. The study had 30 male participants from 10 of the 11 district municipalities of the KwaZulu-Natal province. The study consultations took place at the Durban University of Technology Health Sciences Clinic. Aim of the study The aim of the study was to determine the efficacy of a topical application of a homoeopathic protocol using; Calendula officinalis (mother tincture (M.T.)), Hypericum perforatum (M.T.) and Delphinum staphysagria 30CH (orally) as an adjunct to the standard care of the post-surgical effects of circumcision and to assess the wounds post-surgically in terms of time taken to heal and associated signs and symptoms. Methodology The data for this study was collected from 30 male participants who had undergone MMC from various hospitals within KwaZulu-Natal. The participants were aged between 18 to 30 years. All participants underwent a medical examination and were given a pain rating scale and a pain and sleep diary. They were instructed to keep a daily record using the data collection tools mentioned above for the study period of six weeks. Descriptive statistics were employed in the form of tables and graphs. The data analysis methods used in the study are: independent samples t-test and the non-parametric Spearman’s Correlation test. Results Group statistics in relation to ‘time to heal’ showed a statistically significant reduction in the time taken for the group on the homoeopathic protocol. Analysis of ‘time to heal’ by group shows that on average, Group 1 (active group: homoeopathic protocol + standard care) (M = 31.4, SD = 7.49) healed in a significantly shorter time than Group 2 (control group: standard care) (M = 38.6667, SD = 1.99), t (28) = -2.617, p=.014. There was no other statistical significance noted except for the results of the Spearman’s rho, where table 4.8 shows there is a significant positive correlation between average quality sleep until healing and the proportion of days across healing NOT feeling refreshed (rho = .676, p<.0005). / M

published_or_final_version / Dentistry / Master / Master of Dental Surgery

MRI-guided percutaneous needle-based surgery has become part of routine clinical practice. There are millions of these procedures performed in Canada. The conventional MRI-guided needle intervention is usually performed with the primary goal of navigating a needle to a target while sparing healthy and/or critical structures. Potential limitations of conventional unassisted free-hand needle placement include the physician's ability to align and maintain the correct trajectory and angle toward a target, especially in case of deep targets. In contemporary practice, images are displayed on the operator's 2D console only outside the treatment room, where the physician plans the intervention. Then the physician enters the room, mentally registers the images with the anatomy of the actual patient, and uses hand-eye coordination to execute the planned intervention. Previous concept has been shown and preliminary results discussed from demonstrated MRI-guided needle intervention using an augmented reality 2D image overlay system in a closed configuration 1.5T MRI scanner. However, the limited availability of interventional MR imaging systems and the length of time of MR-guided interventions have been limiting factors in the past. This dissertation addresses topics related to evaluating and developing the 2D augmented reality system, the assistance device for MRI-guided needle interventions. This research effort has primarily focused on developing a new adjustable 2D MR image overlay system and validating the previous 2D image overlay system in the clinical environment. The adjustable system requirement is to overcome the oblique insertions, difficulties inherent to MR-guided procedures, and to promise safe and reliable needle placement inside closed high-field MRI scanners. This thesis describes development of the image overlay system including requirements, mechanism design and evaluation of MR compatibility. Additionally, a standalone realization of an MR image overlay system, named “The Perk Station” was developed, implemented and evaluated. The system was deployed in the laboratory as a training/teaching tool with non-bio-hazardous specimens. This laboratory version of the system allows for evaluation of trial interventions. The system also supports recording of the complete intervention trajectory for operator performance, technical efficacy, and accuracy studies of insertion techniques. / Thesis (Ph.D, Mechanical and Materials Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2013-09-30 22:21:51.469

Rater training (RT) improves the reliability of assessment tools, but has not been well studied for technical skills. This study assessed whether RT improved the psychometric properties of surgical skill assessments. Surgeons (N=47) were randomized to RT or non-training groups. The RT group underwent frame-of-reference training. Participants assessed trainees performing a suturing and knot-tying task using four assessment tools. Inter-rater reliability, initial and delayed rater agreement, and construct validity were assessed between groups. There was no significant effect of RT on the assessment tools’ reliability and validity. Reliability and validity were most robust for the global rating scale. Although there were trends towards improved reliability and validity with RT, confidence intervals were wide and overlapping. Reliability remained below the minimum desired level of 0.8 required for high-stakes testing. Although RT may represent a way to improve reliability, further study is needed to determine effective training methods. / February 2017

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