A Constituição brasileira de 1988 estabeleceu o direito à inviolabilidade da intimidade, da vida privada e do sigilo das comunicações, apresentando-se os dois primeiros como princípios e o último como regra. A regra da inviolabilidade do sigilo das comunicações se fez acompanhar de cláusula de exceção pela qual o constituinte admitiu hipóteses de restrição a esse direito, notadamente para fins de investigação criminal ou instrução processual penal, nas hipóteses e na forma que a lei estabelecer. Uma das formas de restrição vem a ser a interceptação das comunicações telemáticas, que o trabalho se propõe a analisar, de modo a verificar os limites da atuação estatal no uso desse método de investigação. Em tal análise, de modo a definir o âmbito de proteção dos direitos acima citados, o autor considera, além dos dispositivos da Constituição e legislação brasileiras, convenções internacionais de direitos humanos e a interpretação que lhes é dada por cortes regionais de direitos humanos e adota, como critérios e métodos, o princípio da proporcionalidade, os padrões doutrinariamente concebidos para a construção de um processo penal que se aproxime de uma meta de eficiência e garantismo e as experiências de outros países pesquisados. / The Brazilian Constitution of 1988 established the rights to inviolability of intimacy, privacy and confidentiality of communications, presenting the first two as principles and the last one as a rule. The rule of the inviolability of the secrecy of communications was followed by an exception clause which specifies the hypotheses in which such right may be restricted, notably for purposes of criminal investigation or criminal procedure, in the cases and in the form provided by statutory law. One of the possibilities of such restriction is the interception of electronic communications, which this paper aims to analyze in order to verify the limits for state action in the use of such criminal investigation method. In such analysis, in order to define the scope of protection of the abovementioned right, the author considers, in addition to the provisions set forth in the Brazilian Constitution and law, international human rights conventions and their interpretation given and adopted by regional human rights courts, and, as criteria and methods, the principle of proportionality, the doctrinally conceived standards for the construction of a criminal procedure system closer to an objective of efficiency and fundamental individual rights protection, as well as the experiences of other researched countries.

行人再識別的主要任務是匹配不交叉的監控攝像頭中觀測到的行人。隨著監控攝像頭的普遍，這是一個非常重要的任務。並且，它是其他很多任務的重要子任務，例如跨攝像頭的跟蹤。行人再識別的難度存在於不同攝像頭中觀測到的同一個人會有很大的變化。這些變化來自於觀察角度的不同，光照的不同，和行人姿態的變化等等。在本文中，我們希望從如下的方面來重新思考並解決這個問題。 / 首先，我們發現當待匹配集合增大的時候，匹配的難度大幅度增加。在實際應用中，我們可以通過時間上的推演來減少待匹配集合的大小，簡化行人再識別這個問題。現有通過機器學習的方法來解決這個問題的算法基本會假設一個全局固定的度量。我們的方法來自提出於對於不同的待匹配集合應該有不同的度量的新觀點。因此，我們把這個問題重新定義在一個遷移學習的框架下。給定一個較大的訓練集合，我們通過訓練集合的樣本與當前的查詢集合和待匹配集合的相似程度，重新對訓練集合進行加權。這樣，我們提出一個加權的最大化邊界的度量學習方法，而這個度量較全訓練集共享的整體度量更加的具體。 / 我們進一步發現，在兩個不同的鏡頭中，物體形態的變換很難通過一個單一模型來進行描述。為了解決這一個問題，我們提出一個混合專家模型，要將圖片的空間進行進一步細化。我們的算法將剖分圖形空間和在每個細分後的空間中學習一個跨鏡頭的變換來將特征進行對齊。測試時，新樣本會與現有的“專家“模型進行匹配，選擇合適的變換。 我們通過一個稀疏正則項和最小信息損失正則項來進行約束。 / 在對上面各種方法的分析中，我們發現提取特征和訓練模型總是分開進行。一個更好的方法是將模型的訓練和特征提取同時進行。為此，我們希望能夠使用卷積神經網絡 來實現這個目標。通過精心設計網絡結構，底層網絡能夠通過兩組一一對應的特征來描 述圖像的局部信息。而這種信息對於匹配人的顏色紋理等特徵更加適合。在較高的層我 們希望學習到人在空間上的位移來判斷局部的位移是符合於人在不同攝像頭中的位移。 通過這些信息，我們的模型來決定這兩張圖片是否來自于同一個人。 / 在以上三個部分中，我們都同最先進的度量學習和其他基于特征設計的行人再識別方法進行比較。我們在不同的數據集上均取得了較為優秀的效果。我們進一步建立了一 個大規模的數據集，這個數據集包含更多的視角、更多的人且每個人在不同的視角下有 更多的圖片。 / Person re-identification is to match persons observed in non-overlapping camera views with visual features. This is an important task in video surveillance by itself and serves as metatask for other problems like inter-camera tracking. Challenges lie in the dramatic intra-person variation introduced by viewpoint change, illumination change and pose variation etc. In this thesis, we are trying to tackle this problem in the following aspects: / Firstly, we observe that the ambiguity increases with the number of candidates to be distinguished. In real world scenario, temporal reasoning is available and can simplify the problem by pruning the candidate set to be matched. Existing approaches adopt a fixed metric for matching all the subjects. Our approach is motivated by the insight that different visual metrics should be optimally learned for different candidate sets. The problem is further formulated under a transfer learning framework. Given a large training set, the training samples are selected and re-weighted according to their visual similarities with the query sample and its candidate set. A weighted maximum margin metric is learned and transferred from a generic metric to a candidate-set-specific metric. / Secondly, we observe that the transformations between two camera views may be too complex to be uni-modal. To tackle this, we propose to partition the image space and formulate the problem into a mixture of expert framework. Our algorithm jointly partitions the image spaces of two camera views into different configurations according to the similarity of cross-view transforms. The visual features of an image pair from different views are locally aligned by being projected to a common feature space and then matched with softly assigned metrics which are locally optimized. The features optimal for recognizing identities are different from those for clustering cross-view transforms. They are jointly learned by utilizing sparsity-inducing norm and information theoretical regularization. / In all the above analysis, feature extraction and learning models are separately designed. A better idea is to directly learn features from training samples and those features can be applied to directly train a discriminative models. We propose a new model where feature extraction is jointly learned with a discriminative convolutional neural network. Local filters at the bottom layer can well extract the information useful for matching persons across camera views like color and texture. Higher layers will capture the spatial shift of those local patches. Finally, we will test whether the shift patterns of those local patches conform to the intra-camera variation of the same person. / In all three parts, comparisons with the state-of-the-art metric learning algorithms and person re-identification methods are carried out and our approach shows the superior performance on public benchmark dataset. Furthermore, we are building a much larger dataset that addresses the real-world scenario which contains much more camera views, identities, and images perview. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Li, Wei. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 63-68). / Abstracts also in Chinese. / Acknowledgments --- p.iii / Abstract --- p.vii / Contents --- p.xii / List of Figures --- p.xiv / List of Tables --- p.xv / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Person Re-Identification --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Challenge in Person Re-Identification --- p.2 / Chapter 1.3 --- Literature Review --- p.4 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Feature Based Person Re-Identification --- p.4 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Learning Based Person Re-Identification --- p.7 / Chapter 1.4 --- Thesis Organization --- p.8 / Chapter 2 --- Tranferred Metric Learning for Person Re-Identification --- p.10 / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.10 / Chapter 2.2 --- Related Work --- p.12 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Transfer Learning --- p.12 / Chapter 2.3 --- Our Method --- p.13 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Visual Features --- p.13 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Searching and Weighting Training Samples --- p.13 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Learning Adaptive Metrics by Maximizing Weighted Margins --- p.15 / Chapter 2.4 --- Experimental Results --- p.17 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Dataset Description --- p.17 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Generic Metric Learning --- p.18 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- Transferred Metric Learning --- p.19 / Chapter 2.5 --- Conclusions and Discussions --- p.21 / Chapter 3 --- Locally Aligned Feature Transforms for Person Re-Identification --- p.23 / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.23 / Chapter 3.2 --- Related Work --- p.24 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Localized Methods --- p.25 / Chapter 3.3 --- Model --- p.26 / Chapter 3.4 --- Learning --- p.27 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Priors --- p.27 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Objective Function --- p.29 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- Training Model --- p.29 / Chapter 3.4.4 --- Multi-Shot Extension --- p.30 / Chapter 3.4.5 --- Discriminative Metric Learning --- p.31 / Chapter 3.5 --- Experiment --- p.32 / Chapter 3.5.1 --- Identification with Two Fixed Camera Views --- p.33 / Chapter 3.5.2 --- More General Camera Settings --- p.37 / Chapter 3.6 --- Conclusions --- p.38 / Chapter 4 --- Deep Neural Network for Person Re-identification --- p.39 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.39 / Chapter 4.2 --- Related Work --- p.43 / Chapter 4.3 --- Introduction of the New Dataset --- p.44 / Chapter 4.4 --- Model --- p.46 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Architecture Overview --- p.46 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Convolutional and Max-Pooling Layer --- p.48 / Chapter 4.4.3 --- Patch Matching Layer --- p.49 / Chapter 4.4.4 --- Maxout Grouping Layer --- p.52 / Chapter 4.4.5 --- Part Displacement --- p.52 / Chapter 4.4.6 --- Softmax Layer --- p.53 / Chapter 4.5 --- Training Strategies --- p.54 / Chapter 4.5.1 --- Data Augmentation and Balancing --- p.55 / Chapter 4.5.2 --- Bootstrapping --- p.55 / Chapter 4.6 --- Experiment --- p.56 / Chapter 4.6.1 --- Model Specification --- p.56 / Chapter 4.6.2 --- Validation on Single Pair of Cameras --- p.57 / Chapter 4.7 --- Conclusion --- p.58 / Chapter 5 --- Conclusion --- p.60 / Chapter 5.1 --- Conclusion --- p.60 / Chapter 5.2 --- Future Work --- p.61 / Bibliography --- p.63

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-06-23Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T21:02:07Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 galesi_lf_dr_arafcf.pdf: 1364527 bytes, checksum: d1a8f395b8fd22ecb1e2c9d4cdf397a9 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A desnutrição em idosos é um problema preocupante, sendo afetada por diversos fatores relacionados ao baixo consumo alimentar comumente presentes no envelhecimento. A vigilância do estado nutricional deve ser realizada continuamente, baseada em um instrumento simples que supra a dificuldade da avaliação nutricional no idoso e que considere os diferentes tipos de variáveis que influenciam a nutrição dessa população. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi elaborar um instrumento de rastreamento nutricional para uso de cuidadores sem formação específica, com aplicabilidade nos serviços de atenção aos idosos tomando como referência instrumentos e procedimentos relacionados à depressão, à integridade bucal, à autonomia para realizar as atividades de vida diária, à demência e ao consumo alimentar de idosos institucionalizados. Na primeira etapa do trabalho, por meio do teste do qui-quadrado ou análise de variância, adotando-se o nível de significância de 5%, foi avaliada a associação das escalas de rastreamento de depressão, de demência, das atividades de vida diária, análises bucais e de consumo alimentar com o estado nutricional de 150 idosos. O estado nutricional foi classificado a partir de indicadores antropométricos e bioquímicos. A partir desta associação foram estabelecidas as questões do instrumento que em segunda etapa do trabalho, passou pela validação de face, validação de conteúdo, estudo da confiabilidade e validação de critério a partir de informações obtidas na participação de 124 cuidadores e 100 idosos. Para a realização desta houve a participação dos cuidadores, de especialistas na área de Nutrição, Língua Portuguesa, Educação e Comunicação. Antes de definir as características psicométricas do instrumento, ainda é preciso realizar a análise fatorial. Os dados não definitivos apontam para a proposição do instrumento... / Malnutrition in the elderly is a worrisome problem. It is affected by many age-related factors associated with low food intake. Surveillance of nutritional status should be done continually based on a simple instrument that takes into consideration the difficulty of making nutritional assessments in the elderly and the different types of variables that influence nutrition in this population. The objective of the present study was to develop a nutritional screening instrument to be used by laypersons who care for elderly individuals and that can be used in services that provide care for the elderly, using as reference instruments and procedures that are related with depression, oral integrity, autonomy to carry out activities of daily living, dementia and food intake of institutionalized elderly. In the first stage of the work, the chi-square test or analysis of variance was used to assess the association between the nutritional status of 150 elderly individuals and the scales that screen for depression, dementia, activities of daily living, oral status and food intake. The significance level was set at 5%. Nutritional status was based on anthropometric and biochemical indicators. Based on this association, the questions of an instrument were established and in the second stage of the work this instrument was subjected to face validity, content validity, reliability study and criterion validity based on the information provided by 124 caregivers and 100 elderly individuals. Caregivers, dieticians and specialists in the Portuguese language education and communication participated in this stage. Before the psychometric characteristics of the instrument were defined, the factorial analysis had to be made. The temporary data indicate that the instrument has reproducibility (kappa of the questions ranging from 0.6 to 1.0) and appropriate internal consistency (KR20 of the instrument equal to 0.82)...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Nozokomiální infekce jsou v současné době významnou příčinou vzrůstající morbidity a mortality ve všech zdravotnických zařízení. Neznalost či ignorance metod prevence nozokomiálních nákaz může vést k závažnému ohrožení zdraví a života pacienta a výraznému zvýšení nákladů na léčbu. Práce komplexně představuje problematiku nozokomiálních nákaz a jejich efektů na lůžkové zdravotnické zařízení. Pozornost je věnována charakteristice procesu šíření nákaz, popsání současného stavu ve sledování a prevenci nákaz a konečně popsání situace v jedné nemocnici okresního typu.

Os flavivírus são considerados uma séria ameaça à saúde pública em diversas partes do mundo, pois muitos são agentes altamente patogênicos a seres humanos e animais, tais como os vírus da febre amarela, vírus do Oeste do Nilo, vírus da encefalite japonesa e vírus da dengue, capazes de causar encefalites ou febres hemorrágicas em seus hospedeiros. Muitos deles têm avançado a diferentes regiões geográficas onde sua circulação não havia sido detectada previamente, causando novos surtos. O diagnóstico clínico destas infecções é, muitas vezes, difícil, devido ao grande número de sintomas apresentados, que podem se confundir com outras enfermidades de diferentes causas etiológicas. Os principais métodos diretos utilizados atualmente no Brasil para detecção destes vírus são a inoculação intracerebral em camundongos neonatos, inoculação em culturas de células e RTPCR específica. O presente trabalho tem como objetivos avaliar a sensibilidade e validar a detecção dos vírus pertencentes ao gênero Flavivirus circulantes no Brasil por meio de uma reação single de RT-PCR em tempo real e implementá-la, tanto na rotina diagnóstica de casos com suspeita de arbovirose como na pesquisa de amostras de campo para monitoramento viral. Amostras dos flavivírus padrões da Febre Amarela, Bussuquara, Iguape, Ilheus, Encefalite de Saint Louis, Cacipacore e Zika foram quantificados por titulação em unidades formadoras de placa (UFP) ou TCID50 para se avaliar os limites de detecção para cada um deles por RT-qPCR que detecta o gênero Flavivirus. Os limites encontrados variaram de 0,01 UFP, para o vírus Ilheus, a 1 UFP, para os vírus da Febre Amarela e Iguape, e 1x101,6 TCID50/100µL para o vírus Bussuquara. Além disso, o presente trabalho foi capaz de identificar, após sequenciamento de cDNA gerado, os vírus Zika, isolado de um paciente febril, e os vírus Ilheus e Iguape, isolados a partir de diferentes espécies de Culicídeos, após uma única reação de RT-qPCR, e um possível novo flavivírus específico de insetos, isolado de mosquitos Aedes coletados em Guapiaçu, São Paulo. Não houve sinal de amplificação para os Alphavirus Mayaro e Chikungunya. O presente protocolo mostrou-se com alta sensibilidade e especificidade, podendo dessa forma ser utilizado para o diagnóstico diferencial dos diferentes flavivírus que ocorrem no Brasil, bem como para estudos de monitoramento viral em animais sentinelas e vetores, colaborando dessa forma com a saúde pública. Pode-se, ainda, detectar possíveis novos vírus específicos de artrópodes / Flaviviruses are considered a serious threat to public health in many parts of the world, as many are highly pathogenic to humans and animals, such as Yellow Fever virus, West Nile virus, Japanese encephalitis virus and dengue virus, which are capable of causing encephalitis or hemorrhagic fever in their hosts. Many of them have spread to different geographic regions where their circulation had not been detected previously, causing new outbreaks. Diagnosis of these infections is often difficult, due to the large number of symptoms presented, which can be confused with other diseases of different etiological causes. The main direct methods currently used in Brazil for detecting these viruses are intracerebral inoculation in neonatal mice, inoculation in cell cultures and specific RT-PCR. The present work aims to evaluate the sensitivity and validate the detection of viruses belonging to the genus Flavivirus circulating in Brazil through a single real-time RT-PCR reaction and to implement it, both in the diagnostic routine of cases with arbovirus suspicions and in field samples for viral monitoring. Samples of the standard flaviviruses Yellow Fever, Bussuquara, Iguape, Ilheus, Saint Louis Encephalitis, Cacipacore and Zika were quantified by titration by plaque forming units (UFP) or TCID50 to evaluate the detection limits for each of them by RT- qPCR that detects genus Flavivirus. The limits found ranged from 0.01 PFU for Ilheus virus to 1 PFU for Yellow Fever and Iguape viruses and 1x101.6 TCID50 / 100L for the Bussuquara virus. In addition, the present work was able to identify, after cDNA sequencing Zika virus, isolated from a febrile patient, and both Ilheus and Iguape viruses, isolated from different species of Culicidae, and a possible new insect-specific flavivirus, isolated from Aedes mosquitoes collected in Guapiaçu, São Paulo. The Alphaviruses Mayaro and Chikungunya were not amplified. The present protocol shoed high sensitivity and specificity, and therefore it may may be used for the differential diagnosis of the different flaviviruses that occur in Brazil, as well as for viral monitoring studies in sentinel animals and vectors, thus collaborating with public health. It is also possible to detect new flavivirus that are arthopode-specific.

Este trabalho tem por finalidade reunir informações para que em um local de produção de leite com finalidade econômica se possa ter um produto com o minimo possível de bactérias, não patogênicas para o consumo humano. Descrevemos o desenvolvimento da glândula mamária, porque, é aí que começa o problema do leite: podemos chamá-la de \"Fábrica de leite\", com todos os seus incovenientes. Tomamos a precaução de informar sobre os cuidados higiênicos e mecânicos quando houver a manipulação do úbere para a extração do leite. Ressaltamos as possíveis fontes de contaminação do lei te iniciando com o animal passando pelo meio ambiente, pelo ordenhador, transporte e distribuição. Relacionamos os locais utilizados para o manejo dos animais em produção e as condições higiênicas necessárias para tal. Sobre microrganismos, lembramos os que se desenvolvem no leite e os transformam causando alterações prejudiciais ao produto e os outros que prejudicam os consumidores causando-lhe doenças, algumas muito graves, outras menos graves; mas todas quebrando a higidez do consumidor e por consequência avolumando o rol das doenças notificáveis. Analisamos os componentes do leite, frente a legislação vigente, apresentando uma tabela com a composição do leite das diversas espécies animais. Repassamos as análises químicas e físicas que os regulamentos impõem e apresentamos as recomendações do Ministério da Saúde quanto á flora bacteriana mínima permitida. Os objetivos são bem claros, pois há necessidade de uma assistência sanitária aos criadores, uma orientação aos comerciantes e esclarecimentos às autoridades administrativas, da saúde e educação. As tabelas obtidas com as análises realizadas, demonstram claramente as distorções encontradas nas amostras de leite colhidas nas regiões de Itapecerica da Serra e Juquitiba. A porcentagem de amostras de leite que estariam condenadas somam, para Itapecerica da Serra 76,18% e para Juquitiba 71,72%. Esse quadro dá idéia perfeita de que a produção de leite naquela região está abandonada pelas autoridades responsáveis pela Vigilância Sanitária (Setor Saúde) e pela Defesa Sanitária Animal (Setor Econômico). / This paper aims at assembling information in order that the least number possible of non-pathogenic bacteria for human consumption can be achieved in a site designed for a profitable dairy. The development of the mammary gland is described since it is there that the problem of milk begins; it can be called a \"milk-factory\", with all its inconveniences. All precautions are taken to inform about sanitary and mechanical procedures on the process of milk-extraction carried out by ubre handling. Some possible sources of milk contamination are emphasized, beginning with those related to the animal and going on with those originated from the enviroment, the milker, and the milk transportation and distribuition. The most common sites used for managing animals in production are mentioned, as well as the needed sanitary conditions for such end. In what microorganisms are concerned to, we point out the ones which are developed within the milk, transforming it and causing harmfull alterations to the product and others that injure the consumer\'s health causing diseases, some of them very serious, other less serious, but all of them breaking the consumer\'s state of health and, as a consequence, increasing the roll communicable diseases. Milk components are analysed in face of the current legislation with the presentation of a table containing the milk-composition concerning various animal species. A review on the chemical and psysical analyses required by law is made, presenting the recommendations of the Ministry oh Health as to the minimal bacterial flora allowed. The objectives of the paper are rather clear, since there is a need for sanitary assistance on the part of the cattle breeders, orientation to be provided to milk-traders and englightenment to both, the health and education administrative authorities. Data from the analyses carried out clearly demonstrate the distortions found out in milk-samples collected along the Itapecerica da Serra and Juquitiba regions. The percentage of milk-samples which would be condemned by health authorities sums up 76.18% for Itapecerica da Serra and 71.72% for Juquitiba. This picture gives a perfect idea of how the milk-production in that region is left abandonmed by the authorities in charge of the sanitary surveillance (Health sector) and the Animal sanitary Defense (Economic Sector).

Resumo Introdução: A Vigilância Sanitária se constitui como campo de intervenção da Saúde Pública tendo como uma de suas responsabilidades, garantir o controle sanitário de aeroportos e a proteção da saúde dos viajantes. Objetivo: Neste sentido, o presente estudo teve como objetivo conhecer, descrever e analisar a prática sanitária adotada frente à Pandemia de Influenza A (H1N1) 2009, pela Vigilância Sanitária no Terminal de Passageiros do Aeroporto de Guarulhos. Metodologia: A pesquisa qualitativa foi adotada, tendo como referencial teórico as representações sociais. Utilizou-se o referencial metodológico da hermenêutica dialética, fazendo uso de uma abordagem interpretativa reconstrutiva das falas dos entrevistados. A construção das três categorias empíricas Trabalho, Comunicação, Intersetorialidade - permitiu resgatar junto às falas dos profissionais pesquisados a prática vivenciada pela Vigilância Sanitária durante a pandemia. Resultados: Pôde-se apreender que as dificuldades evidenciadas durante a Pandemia de H1N1 estiveram relacionadas aos recursos humanos, à estrutura física e de material, ao fluxo de procedimentos e de informações. Conclusões: Os resultados evidenciaram a prática da VISA associada diretamente a sua estrutura organizacional; a uma atuação coadunada com o desenvolvimento atual do país; e uma experiência que serviu como o mais importante e único teste de enfrentamento para uma pandemia de influenza / Abstract Introduction: The Health Surveillance is a field of Public Health with the one of its responsibilities to ensure the sanitary control of airports and heath protection of travelers. Objective: In this sense, the present study aimed to understand, describe and analyze the sanitary practice adopted on the face of Influenza A (H1N1) Pandemic in 2009, by the Health Surveillance Agency in the passengers arrival gates of Guarulhos Airport. Methodology: The qualitative research was adopted in this study, using as a theoretical reference the social representations. In this document it was used the referral method of Hermeneutic Dialectic, using the interpretation of the interviews. It was built three empirics categories, which allowed retrieving in the interviews the practical experience of the employees of the Health Surveillance during the Pandemic period. Outcomes: It could be learnt that the difficulties during the A H1N1 Pandemic was related to the human resources, physical and material infrastructure and the process and information flows. Conclusion: The outcomes emphasized the way the Health Surveillance works directly linked to its organizational structure; its behavior, aligned with the current Brazil situation; and the experience which was a unique test of how they face the Influenza pandemic

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo implementar una propuesta de mejora para la gestión administrativa para la optimización del sistema de vigilancia en la Oficina de Seguridad en una Entidad Pública en Lima Metropolitana 2017. The objective of this research is to implement an improvement proposal for administrative management for the optimization of the surveillance system in the Security Office in a Public Entity in Metropolitan Lima 2017.

Define-se supermercado como o local onde se pratica comércio varejista de mercadorias em geral, predominantemente de produtos alimentícios, em uma área de venda de 300 a 5000 m2. Embora responda hoje por cerca de 85,0% das vendas de alimentos no Brasil, esse setor permanece ainda muito pouco estudado, particularmente em relação aos aspectos sanitários. Em Ribeirão Preto, os supermercados representam o principal local de venda de alimentos para todas as classes sociais, ao mesmo tempo que vêm sendo causa de número crescente do total de reclamações feitas à Divisão de Vigilância Sanitária (Visa) do município. Esta investigação teve o objetivo de: avaliar as condições higiênico-sanitárias e físico-estruturais dos supermercados e hipermercados (área de venda acima de 5000 m2) de Ribeirão Preto, com vistas a classificá-los segundo essas condições; avaliar o cumprimento da legislação vigente; detectar áreas/condições de risco à saúde pública; recomendar medidas corretivas. O trabalho foi conduzido durante as inspeções de rotina da Visa, utilizando-se a Ficha de Inspeção de Estabelecimentos da Área de Alimentos (FIEAA) adotada no Estado de São Paulo, a qual padroniza os procedimentos de inspeção e divide os itens que serão inspecionados em cinco grandes blocos. Foram incluídos todos os 56 supermercados e os 2 hipermercados da cidade. Os percentuais de adequação para cada bloco foram: 32,2% para o bloco 1, correspondente à situação e às condições da edificação; 27,1% para o bloco 2, correspondente aos equipamentos e aos utensílios; 68,1% para o bloco 3, correspondente ao pessoal de produção, manipulação e venda; 35,9% para o bloco 4, correspondente às matérias-primas e aos produtos expostos à venda; 42,3% para o bloco 5, correspondente ao fluxo de produção/manipulação/venda e ao controle de qualidade. Assim, apenas o bloco 3 foi classificado como regular, ficando todos os demais como deficientes. Na classificação final dos estabelecimentos, 46 (79,3%) foram classificados como deficientes, 11 (19,0%) como regulares, e apenas 1 (1,7%), como bom. Apesar de se reconhecer a existência de algumas inadequações nos pontos de corte padronizados para a classificação dos itens estudados, concluiu-se que a situação exige intervenção rigorosa das autoridades sanitárias, para se fazer cumprir a legislação vigente. Recomenda-se a adoção de algumas adaptações à legislação, entre as quais a obrigatoriedade de inclusão, no corpo de funcionários dos supermercados, de profissional capacitado na área de alimentos, bem como a mudança dos critérios de classificação dos estabelecimentos, visando a uma maior racionalidade na programação de inspeções rotineiras da Visa. / The definition of supermarket is that of a place where retail market of general merchandise, mainly food products, is practiced in a sales area beteween 300m2 and 5000m2. Though it currently represents about 85% of food sales in Brazil, this sector still remains understudied, especially when it comes to its sanitary aspects. In Ribeirão Preto the supermarkets represent the main sales area of food for all social classes, at the same time that it has been the subject of an increasing number of complaints that have arrived at the City Division of Sanitary Surveillance (DSS). This investigation aimed to evaluate the sanitary, hygiene, physical and structural aspects of the supermarkets and hypermarkets (sales area over 5000m2) of Ribeirão Preto, to classify them according to these conditions, to evaluate the applicability of the legislation, to detect areas/conditions of public health risks and to recommend correction measures. The work was conducted during DSS´s routine inspections, using the guidelines for inspection of the food enterprises adopted in the state of São Paulo, which divides the subjects to be inspected in five big blocks. All of the city 56 supermarkets and 2 hipermarkets were included. The percentage of adequacy for each block were 32.2% for block a, corresponding to the situation and conditions of the edification, 27.1% for block b, corresponding to equipments and utensils, 68.1% for block c, corresponding to the production, manipulation and sales staff, 35.9% for block d, corresponding to the raw materials and products displayed for sales; 42.3% for block e, corresponding to the flow of production/manipulation/sales and quality control. Only block c was classified as regular, being the others considered as insufficient. In the final classification of the supermarkets, 46(79.3%) of them were considered insufficient, 11(19.0%) regular and only 1(1.7%) good. Although some inadequacies in the cutoff criteria for classifying the supermarkets are recognized, it becomes clear that the situation demands a rigid intervention of the sanitary authority in order to apply the existing legislation. Based upon the findings of this investigation, some recommendations can be done. Among them is the inclusion in the supermarket staff of an employee skilled in the food field, as well as a change in the criteria used for the classification of the supermarkets, aiming a higher rationality in the DSS programming of routine inspections.

The purpose of this study it to research the role and public perception of security surveillance on a university campus. The research measured variables such as age, gender, class standing political affiliation, and one's residence whether on campus or off campus. This study is focused on how students view security surveillance, and whether they see security surveillance as an important tool for the safety of the public or a threat to privacy. A student survey was administered to undergraduate students asking how they felt about crime on campus and whether crime was a problem that could be solved by security cameras. The research indicates that the majority of students do not view security surveillance as a threat to their privacy, and that security cameras are an important tool in combating crime.