The diploma thesis deals with the topic of measuring society-wide values according to the theory and method designed by Shalom Schwartz. The concept of values and its place in sociology is introduced, the development of Schwartz' theory and method is outlined and its varieties presented. Using the Portrait Value Survey Method, which is based on the data from the European Social Survey, the values of the Czech society are measured. This is carried out by the means of correlation and regression analyses of ten basic values with chosen descriptive variables - age, gender, education and political orientation. The results of the study does not show any significant deviations from the anticipated outcome, the values are quite traditional especially in connection with the gender and age differentiation. The values of individuals change in time and are dependent on the above mentioned factors.

The most widely cited European data on work hours mismatches at the couple level date back to the 1990s. The general gist of analyses of these data was that "overworked" dual-earner couples frequently preferred work hours reductions, especially those with childcare responsibilities. This study uses more recent data from the European Social Survey (2010-12) to update the available evidence on actual and preferred breadwinner models and on the occurrence and determinants of work hours mismatches among couples in Europe. The focus is on differences between demographic groups and countries in the degree to which cohabiting couples are either underemployed (working fewer hours than desired) or overemployed (working more hours than desired). Our analyses show that about one third of couples are underemployed, while only one in ten report being overemployed. We identify low education and the presence of children below school age as risk factors for underemployment, whereas highly educated women and fathers of teenagers tend to be overemployed. In a comparison of 16 European countries, we find couples in Greece, Ireland, Slovenia, and Spain to be most at risk of experiencing underemployment - in the countries that were most strongly affected by the recession. The effects of children on the experience of hours mismatches are found to vary across Europe - a particularly strong association of children below school age with parental underemployment is observed in Central and Eastern Europe, Finland, and Germany and a particularly weak one in Great Britain, Greece, Ireland, and Sweden.

Grâce à une analyse statistique de l’équation de la Mesure des Interféromètres Radio, un schéma de pondération adaptatif est dérivé,basé sur la qualité de calibration des données d’un instrument interférométrique. Ce schéma est utilisé sur une observation d’un champ extragalactique, l’ExtendedGroth Strip, observation qui contient une source radio-vive (3C295) dans son champ de vue. Cette source est résolue avec LOFAR-VLBI ; un modèle de source est créé afin de calibrer les stations LOFAR internationales. Cela permettra d’imager le champ a une résolution comparable à celle du Hubble Space Telescope, dont des données sont disponibles pour ce champ extragalactique. / By performing a statistical analysis ofthe Radio Interferometer’s MeasurementEquation, we derive adaptivequality-based weighting schemes.These are deployed on an observationof the Extended Groth Strip,which includes a bright 3C sourcein the field of view. This source,which is resolved for LOFAR-VLBI,is modeled and used as a calibratorsource for the Extended Groth Strip.This will allow the field to be imagedwith a resolution matching the HubbleSpace Telescope’s, of which dataare available for this field.

Hur studenter klarar sina introduktionskurser i fysik på universitetet beror till stor del på deras attityder till fysik och fysikundervisning. Studenternas attityd påverkar hur dem arbetar med föreläsningar, lektioner, laborationer och kurslitteratur, och avgör hur studenterna gör för att tolka, resonera och bygga förståelse kring kursinnehållet. Det finns utförliga studier gjorda om vilka attityder som är fördelaktiga för fysikstudier på universitetsnivå. Men det finns väldigt lite forskning som visar om det är elever med fördelaktiga attityder som söker sig till fysikutbildningar. I detta arbete undersöks och karaktäriseras ett samband mellan elevers fysikattityder och deras val av framtida studier. / Students’ success in their introductory courses in university physics depends largely on their attitudes to physics and physics education. Students' attitudes affect how they work with lectures, labs and course material, and determine how students work to interpret, discuss and build understanding of course content. There are extensive studies done on attitudes that are favorable for higher physics studies. There are very few that gives indication whether it is students with favorable attitudes that apply to physics education.  This paper studies and shows a relationship between students’ physics attitudes and their choice of future studies.

Background: Tobacco use either in the form of smoking or smokeless tobacco is typically initiated or established behaviorally for adult smokers before 18 years of age. Given that data from monitoring and surveillance systems drives every policy and program, accurate surveillance of tobacco consumption by adolescents is a major part of curbing tobacco addiction. Methodology: The consistency and reliability of youth smoking prevalence data was assessed by investigating discrepancies within versions of the Global Youth Tobacco (GYTS) as well as between GYTS and the Global School-based Health Survey (GSHS). Sources of errors and biases were examined in order to determine the cause for discrepancies in results. Results: Significant discrepancies were found within GYTS versions as well as between the survey results produced by GYTS and GSHS. Discrepancies within GYTS versions were determined to be due to quality control errors. Analyzed by gender, negligible variation was found between boys and girls. When comparing the total smoking prevalence estimates between GYTS and GSHS, four of the six WHO administrative regions (Africa, Americas, Eastern-Mediterranean, South-Eastern and Western- Pacific) were found to have significantly different estimates. The European region did not consist of any significantly different estimates. When comparing variance in total smoking prevalence estimates, GSHS results were found to be lower than GYTS estimates with the exception of the EMRO region. The EMRO region was further analyzed to explore gender variation within the region and boys were found to have 44.5% more significantly different estimates in comparison to girls. Conclusion: Up-to-date, reliable and consistent surveillance and monitoring efforts are part and parcel to solving this tobacco epidemic and fighting wealthy and powerful tobacco companies.

No description available.

The classic time geography concept (space-time path) provides a powerful framework to study travel survey data which is an important source for travel behavior studies. Based on the space-time concept, this research will present a visualizing approach to analyze travel survey data. By inputting the data into GIS software such as TransCAD and ArcGIS and editing the needed information, this study will explain how to create 3D images of travel paths for showing the variation of trip distribution in relation to different social-economic factors deemed as the driving forces of such patterns. Also, this report will address the technical challenges involved in this kind of study and will discuss directions of future research. / text

Survey research is a popular methodology used to gather data on a myriad of phenomena. Self-report victim surveys administered by the Federal government are used to substantially broaden our understanding of the nature and extent of crime. A potential source of nonsampling error, respondent fatigue is thought to manifest in contemporary victim surveys, as respondents become "test wise" after repeated exposure to survey instruments. Using a special longitudinal data file, the presence and influence of respondent fatigue in national self-report victim surveys is examined from three perspectives. Collectively, results provide a comprehensive look at how respondent fatigue may impact crime estimates produced by national self-report victim surveys.

Marine recreational fishing is a highly developed activity and has an increasingly global following. In New Zealand, over 30 % of the population participate in recreational fishing and the annual harvest of some species is larger than the commercial catch. It is therefore vital for resource management to include data on recreational take. Since marine recreational fishing and charter boat fisheries in New Zealand are managed outside the Quota Management System (QMS), Area Management Tools (AMT) such as taiapure (local fishery), mataitai (reserves) rahui (temporary closures) can be used to ensure sustainability of certain coastal areas affected by fishing and other activity. The Akaroa Harbour Taiapure was established in 2006 and is currently the only taiapure in Canterbury. The main objective with this study was to characterise the recreational fishery in the Akaroa Harbour Taiapure in order to provide management solutions for this area. Three surveys were set up whereby two were specifically designed to record the recreational take landed on the four most frequently used slipways in Akaroa Harbour. A third survey was to gauge local resident‟s perception on recreational fisheries over time. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used and appropriate statistical analysis applied. Over 451 intercept interviews were conducted on slipways on Banks Peninsula and 138 trip records were returned. Main findings include significant differences in target and landed species, also a shift in areas mostly fished since the previous survey in 1997 by the Ministry of Fisheries. The most frequently landed fish in this study included blue cod, flounder, rock lobster and perch. The perception survey revealed a strong community bond to recreational fishing and a need for increased local input in the management of the Akaroa Harbour Taiapure. The three surveys are recommended to be continued over time in order to create a data base on recreational fishing and also to document local and indigenous knowledge on marine conservation.

No description available.