ZL-Duraplant-Implantate Ticer

We initiated bait station surveys for black bears in southwestern Virginia in 1999. Bait station surveys are intended to be used as an index to follow bear population trend over time. We compared the bait station visitation (black bear visitation) to black bear harvest and mast surveys 1999 = 2002. The mean bait station visitation rate during 1999 - 2002 was 15.3% (SE = 2.89, n = 4). The number of bears harvested in the 3 counties that also had bait station surveys was 48 (31 males, 17 females), 59 (44 males, 15 females), 45 (32 males, 13 females), and 43 (26 males, 17 females) in 1999, 2000, 2001, and 2002, respectively. Harvest of males and females differed (n = 2, F = 19.44, df = 1, P = 0.0045). Bait station visitation and female harvest had a strong functional relationship with a negative slope (n = 4, r = -0.78, P = 0.22). The strongest relationship was between male harvest and total harvest (n = 4, r = 0.97, P = 0.03). Mean index to mast production for 1999 - 2002 was 2.3 (range 1.5 - 3.1), 2.7 (range 1.8 - 3.4), 2.3 (range 1.6 - 3.6), and 1.6 (range 1.2 - 2.4), respectively. The overall summary for mast production for the same years was described as fair, good, fair, and poor to fair. Mast production was significantly different between years (n = 4, F = 3.44, df = 3, P = 0.0326), and soft and hard mast production appeared to be above average in 2000. This corresponded with the lowest visitation (10.2%) of the 4 years. There was no correlation between bait station visitation and mast production (n = 4, r = 0.11, P = 0.87). Since 1998, the annual bear harvest in Virginia has exceeded 900 individuals (with the exception of 824 in 2001), and peaked in 2000 when 1,000 bears were harvested. Though harvest rates were high, a reliable population estimate did not exist for black bears in Virginia. We estimated population size, growth rate, and minimum viable population size using data collected between 1995-2000. We used Jolly-Seber, direct recovery, and minimum population size methods to estimate population size. The Jolly-Seber method estimate of adult female density was 0.23-0.64 bears/km2, and 0.01 bears/km2 for adult males. We estimated a density of 0.09-0.23 bears/km2 for all sex and age classes using direct recovery data. Using minimum population size, we found adult female density was higher than any other sex or age class (n = 6, t = 2.02, df = 40, P < 0.0001) with an average density of 0.055 adult females/km2. We used mark-recapture data collected from 148 individual bears (96 males:52 females) captured 270 times in program MARK to estimate survival using recapture, dead recovery, and Burnham's combined models. Adult females had the highest survival rate of 0.84-0.86, while yearling males had the lowest with 0.35. Using direct recovery data, adult females again had the highest survival rate with 0.93 (0.83-1.0) and 3-year old males had the lowest with 0.59 (0.35-0.83). We estimated growth rate using population estimates from Jolly-Seber, direct recoveries, and minimum population size methods. The lowest growth rate estimated was for all females (ages lumped) using minimum population size data (λ=0.82). Direct recovery data for all bears (sex and age lumped) during 1995 - 2000 showed the highest positive annual growth rate (λ = 1.24). We developed a population model using Mathcad 8 Professional to determine population growth rate, MVP, and harvest effects for an exploited black bear population in southwestern Virginia. We used data collected during the CABS study (1995 - 2000) in the model including population estimates derived from direct recovery data, age and sex specific survival rates, and cub sex ratios. When we used actual population values in the model, the bear population in southwestern Virginia did not go extinct in 100 years (l = 1.03, r = 0.03). When we reduced adult female survival from 0.94 to 0.89, the probability of extinction in 100 years was 3.0% and l = 0.99 (r = -0.01; Table 3.2). When the survival was reduced by an additional 0.01 to 0.88, the probability of extinction increased to 13.0% (l = 0.99, r = -0.01). Growth rate and extinction probabilities were very sensitive to adult female survival rates. Two-year old and 3-year old females did not impact extinction probabilities and growth rates as much as adult females. Their survival could be decreased by 44.0%, and still be less than the 5.0% extinction probability. / Master of Science

O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar as taxas de sobrevida de implantes unitários, instalados na maxila, com diferentes tratamentos de superfícies: oxidação anódica (AO), duplo ataque ácido (DAE), ataque ácido e jateamento (SAE) e ataque ácido e jateamento modificada (SAE modificada). Também avaliou a influência de outras variáveis sobre estas taxas. Foram avaliados pacientes com implantes unitários em maxila, atendidos no Centro Odontológico da Polícia Militar de São Paulo e do Centro de Excelência em Prótese e Implantes da Universidade de São Paulo (Brasil), entre janeiro de 2008 e julho de 2013. Os seguintes dados foram coletados: sexo do paciente, características do implante (forma, diâmetro, comprimento), tratamento de superfície, localização do implante (maxila anterior ou posterior), presença de enxerto ósseo e falhas de implantes. O desfecho primário foi a perda do implante (falha). Estatísticas descritivas foram realizadas para caracterizar a distribuição de frequência de implantes em relação às variáveis. A análise da falha do implante foi feita por curvas de sobrevida de Kaplan-Meier. O teste de Mantel-Cox identificou as variáveis associadas à falha do implante ao longo do tempo. A amostra analisada foi constituída por 1076 implantes em 549 pacientes. As falhas ocorreram em 20 implantes (1,9%), 15 deles (75%) em homens e 5 em mulheres (25%). A frequência de falha foi maior em regiões de enxerto ósseo, e esta diferença ocorreu nos implantes em homens e com superfície DAE. A presença de enxerto aumentou em seis vezes as chances de falha do implante em relação às áreas de osso natural. Nos pacientes com implantes com superfície DAE estimou-se que essa chance de falha do implante em área de enxerto aumentou em nove vezes. / The purpose was evaluate the survival rates of single implants installed in maxilla with different surface treatments: anodic oxidation (AO), dual acid-etching (DAE), sandblasted and acid-etched (SAE) e sandblasted and acid-etched modified (SAE modified). It also evaluated the influence of other variables on these rates. Patients with installed single implants in the maxilla treated at Dental Center of Military Police of São Paulo and the Center for Excellence in Prosthodontics and Implants of the University of São Paulo (Brazil) between January 2008 and July 2013 were evaluated. The following data were collected: patient gender, implant characteristics (shape, diameter, length), surface treatment, location of the implant (anterior or posterior maxilla), presence of bone graft and implant failures. The primary outcome was the loss of the implant (failure). Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the frequency distribution of implants in relation to the variables. The analysis of implant failure was made by survival curves of Kaplan-Meier. The Mantel-Cox test was performed to identify variables associated with implant failure over time. The sample consisted of 1076 implants in 549 patients. Failures occurred in 20 implants (1.9%), while 15 of them (75%) were men and 5 women (25%). The frequency of failure was higher in regions of bone graft, and this difference was related to implants in men and in DAE implants. The presence of graft area increased by 6 times the chances of implant failure in relation to areas of natural bone. In DAE implants was estimated that the chance of failure of the implant graft area increased by 9 times.

The protection of species is one major focus in conservation biology. The basis for any management concept is the knowledge of the species autecology. In my thesis, I studied the life-history traits and population dynamics of the endangered Lesser Spotted Woodpecker (Picoides minor) in Central Europe. Here, I combine a range of approaches, from empirical investigations of a Lesser Spotted Woodpecker population in the Taunus low mountain range in Germany, the analysis of empirical data and the development of an individual-based stochastic model simulating the population dynamics.<br><br> In the field studies I collected basic demographic data of reproductive success and mortality. Moreover, breeding biology and behaviour were investigated in detail. My results showed a significant decrease of the reproductive success with later timing of breeding, caused by deterioration in food supply. Moreover, mate fidelity was of benefit, since pairs composed of individuals that bred together the previous year started earlier with egg laying and obtained a higher reproductive success. Both sexes were involved in parental care, but the care was only shared equally during incubation and the early nestling stage. In the late nestling stage, parental care strategies differed between sexes: Females considerably decreased feeding rate with number of nestlings and even completely deserted small broods. Males fed their nestlings irrespective of brood size and compensated for the females absence. The organisation of parental care in the Lesser Spotted Woodpecker is discussed to provide the possibility for females to mate with two males with separate nests and indeed, polyandry was confirmed.<br><br> To investigate the influence of the observed flexibility in the social mating system on the population persistence, a stochastic individual-based model simulating the population dynamics of the Lesser Spotted Woodpecker was developed, based on empirical results. However, pre-breeding survival rates could not be obtained empirically and I present in this thesis a pattern-oriented modelling approach to estimate pre-breeding survival rates by comparing simulation results with empirical pattern of population structure and reproductive success on population level. Here, I estimated the pre-breeding survival for two Lesser Spotted Woodpecker populations on different latitudes to test the reliability of the results.<br><br> Finally, I used the same simulation model to investigate the effect of flexibility in the mating system on the persistence of the population. With increasing rate of polyandry in the population, the persistence increased and even low rates of polyandry had a strong influence. Even when presuming only a low polyandry rate and costs of polyandry in terms of higher mortality and lower reproductive success for the secondary male, the positive effect of polyandry on the persistence of the population was still strong.<br><br> This thesis greatly helped to increase the knowledge of the autecology of an endangered woodpecker species. Beyond the relevance for the species, I could demonstrate here that in general flexibility in mating systems are buffer mechanisms and reduce the impact of environmental and demographic noise. / Der Schutz von Arten ist eine der Hauptaufgaben des Naturschutzes. Für die Erstellung von Schutzkonzepten sind Informationen zur Autökologie der Zielart notwendige Voraussetzung. Der Kleinspecht (Picoides minor) ist in vielen Teilen seines Verbreitungsgebietes bestandsbedroht, das Wissen zur Biologie und Verhalten der Art ist jedoch lückenhaft. Ziel meiner Arbeit war es daher, demographische Parameter der Populationsdynamik des Kleinspechts zu erfassen, die als Grundlage für Populationsgefährdungsanalysen benötigt werden. Da Untersuchungen in Schweden eine gewisse Flexibilität im Paarungssystem des Kleinspechts zeigten, sollte darüber hinaus das Paarungssystem und sein Einfluss auf die Persistenz der Population untersucht werden.<br><br> Die Arbeit umfasste eine Reihe von methodischen Ansätzen, von empirischen Untersuchungen an einer Kleinspechtpopulation im hessischen Vordertaunus über die Aufbereitung von empirischen Daten bis hin zur Entwicklung und Auswertung eines stochastischen individuenbasierten Modells zur Simulation der Populationsdynamik.<br><br> Die Ergebnisse der empirischen Untersuchung zeigten eine Abnahme des Reproduktionserfolgs mit fortschreitendem Legebeginn. Die Zusammensetzung der Nestlingsnahrung ließ vermuten, dass dies durch eine Verschlechterung der Nahrungsversorgung begründet war. Paartreue war bei der Reproduktion von Vorteil, da Individuen, die schon im vorherigen Jahr zusammen gebrütet hatten, einen früheren Legebeginn und damit einen höheren Fortpflanzungserfolg aufwiesen als neu formierte Paare. Beide Geschlechter investierten in die Brutpflege, jedoch war die Aufteilung nur während der Bebrütung der Eier und in der ersten Hälfte der Nestlingsperiode gleichmäßig. In der späten Nestlingsperiode konnten geschlechtsspezifische Strategien im elterlichen Investment identifiziert werden: die Weibchen verringerten die Versorgungsrate in Abhängigkeit des Wertes der Brut - gemessen in der Zahl der Nestlinge - und gaben die Versorgung kleiner Bruten ganz auf. Die Männchen dagegen kompensierten dieses Verhalten, so dass auch von den Weibchen verlassene Bruten erfolgreich waren. Interessanterweise konnte mehrmals die Verpaarung von einem Weibchen mit zwei Männchen beobachtet werden. Das Auftreten dieses polyandrischen Paarungssystems wird in der Arbeit als Resultat der Aufteilung der Brutpflege diskutiert. <br><br> Die bestätigte Flexibilität im Paarungssystem könnte Einfluss auf die Persistenz der Population haben. Die Persistenz von Populationen kann jedoch nicht empirisch gemessen werden. Daher entwickelte ich ein individuen-basiertes stochastisches Modell zur Simulation der Populationsdynamik des Kleinspechts, dass auf den empirischen Daten basiert. Allerdings fehlten Überlebensraten der ausgeflogenen Jungvögel, die im Feld nicht ermittelt werden kann. Daher testete ich hier eine Methode, die durch den Vergleich von Simulationsergebnissen mit eigenen empirischen Daten zur Populationsstruktur und zum Reproduktionserfolg auf der Ebene der Gesamtpopulation die Überlebensrate der Jungvögel abschätzt. Die Überlebensraten wurde zusätzlich für eine Population des Kleinspechtes ermittelt, deren Datengrundlage aus Freilandstudien in Schweden stammten. Durch den Vergleich der Raten für die beiden Populationen konnte die Aussagefähigkeit des Modells und die Güte der Abschätzungen untersucht werden. Im letzten Teil meiner Arbeit nutzte ich das Modell schließlich, um die Auswirkungen des Paarungssystems auf die Überlebensfähigkeit der Population zu untersuchen. Im Modell konnte ein Weibchen polyandrisch sein, wenn es gute Brutbedingungen hatte und das Geschlechterverhältnis zum Männchen hin verschoben war. Zusätzlich variierte ich die Wahrscheinlichkeit, dass unter diesen Umständen Polyandrie auftritt. Im Model wurden 3 Szenarien getestet: (i) strenge Monogamie, (ii) gelegentliche Polyandrie und (iii) gelegentliche Polyandrie unter der Annahme von Kosten für das sekundäre Männchen in Form von höherer Mortalität und geringerem Reproduktionserfolg. Es zeigte sich, dass selbst sehr geringe Polyandrieraten und die Annahme von Kosten noch einen deutlichen positiven Einfluss auf die Persistenz der Population ausüben. Die Flexibilität im Paarungssystem dient damit als Puffermechanismus gegen demographisches Rauschen und Umweltrauschen. <br><br> Diese Arbeit trät dazu bei, die Autökologie des Kleinspechts besser zu verstehen und ist damit wichtige Grundlage für Schutzkonzepte in Mitteleuropa. Über die artspezifische Bedeutung hinaus, leistet die Arbeit einen Beitrag zur Untersuchung von Methoden zur Abschätzung fehlender demographischer Parameter sowie zur Identifizierung von Puffermechanismen. Eine wichtige Schlussfolgerung meiner Arbeit ist es, dass die Flexibilität artspezifischen Verhaltens in zukünftigen Populationsgefährdungsanalysen integriert werden sollte, um die Qualität von Prognosen zur Persistenz von Populationen zu verbessern.

Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 47-03, page: 1618. Adviser: Victor M. Cardenas. Includes bibliographical references.

No princípio da implantodontia, sua indicação limitava-se apenas para casos totais e com boa quantidade óssea. A partir daí, várias modificações foram feitas para ampliar suas indicações, guiadas principalmente pela necessidade clínica de reabilitações unitárias e parciais. Além de tratamentos de superfície e da melhoria da liga de titânio, os implantes também sofreram diminuição do diâmetro, o que fez com que estes pudessem ser indicados para solucionar casos limítrofes sem a necessidade de cirurgia para ganho ósseo, e casos com espaço mesio-distal entre dentes reduzido. Contudo, a diminuição do diâmetro dos implantes tem sido questionada quanto a real confiabilidade clínica. Sendo assim, essa revisão sistemática tem como objetivo determinar a taxa de sobrevida dos implantes de diâmetro reduzido (≤3.5mm). O método de busca foi uma pesquisa em banco de dados eletrônicos (Pubmed, EMBASE e Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) até setembro de 2016. Os critérios de inclusão foram: artigos publicados em língua inglesa, estudos realizados em pacientes humanos, implantes dentários com diâmetro reduzido (≤ 3,5mm) com pelo menos um ano de acompanhamento. Os artigos foram excluídos se tivessem uma ou mais das seguintes características: estudo em animais, estudos de coorte, série ou relato de casos, artigos de outras revisões, menos de 1 ano de acompanhamento. O resultado dessa busca identificou inicialmente 116 estudos e o processo de busca manual identificou 16 estudos. Depois que os títulos e resumos foram lidos e todas as duplicatas foram removidas, resultando em 50 estudos para a leitura de textos completos. Os artigos que não atendiam aos critérios de inclusão foram excluídos, deixando trinta e um (31) para extração de dados. Vinte e um (21) estudos são estudos prospectivos e dez (10) retrospectivos. Após toda extração e interpretação dos dados, foram analisados 3.659 implantes com o diâmetro variando de 1.8 até 3.5mm instalados em 2.152 pacientes e com apenas 98 falhas. A taxa de sobrevida encontrada por esta revisão sistemática para os implantes reduzidos é de 97,3%. / In the beginning of implantology, the indication of the implants was limited to edentulous patients with good bone quantity. Since then several modifications were made to increase its indications that were guided mainly for the clinical necessity to rehabilitate single unit and partial prosthetic spaces. The implants were subjected to surface treatments, improvement to the titanium alloy and decrease in diameter. This last modification allowed the indication of implants for border cases without the necessity of surgery for bone gain. However, there are several questions related to clinical reliability in narrow implants. Therefore, the purpose of this systematic review was to determine the survival rate of narrow implants (≤3.5mm). It was made a search at electronic database (Pubmed, EMBASE and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) up to September 2016. The inclusion criteria were: articles published in English language, studies that were conducted in human beings, narrow dental implants (≤3,5mm) an at least one year of follow up. The articles were excluded if they had one or more of the following characteristics: studies in animals, cohort studies, case/report series, review articles, insufficient follow up (1 year). An initial electronic search identified 116 studies and the manual searching process identified 16 studies. After the titles and abstracts had been read and all duplicates removed, the full texts of 50 studies were obtained. The articles that did not meet the inclusion criteria were excluded, leaving 31 for data extraction. Twenty-one studies were prospective and 10 were retrospective. The data extraction resulted in 3.659 implants that were installed in 2.152 patients and their diameter varied from 1.8 to 3.5mm. Ninety-eight failures were reported. The survival rate for narrow implants found in this systematic review is 97.3%. / Dissertação (Mestrado)

nÃo hà / O cÃncer à um dos principais problemas de saÃde pÃblica em muitas partes do mundo e o cÃncer de mama à o mais comum em mulheres no mundo ocidental. Tamoxifeno tem sido o principal tratamento endÃcrino adjuvante por muitos anos. à o fÃrmaco mais prescrito no tratamento do cÃncer de mama, principalmente na modalidade adjuvante em pacientes prà ou pÃs menopausadas, receptor de estrÃgeno e/ou progesterona positivos, tambÃm utilizado no tratamento da doenÃa localmente avanÃada e metastÃtica e em menor proporÃÃo nas pacientes com contra-indicaÃÃo formal de cirurgia ou que se recusam a se submeter a esta modalidade de tratamento. Na neo-adjuvÃncia à utilizado apenas em ensaios clÃnicos. O tamoxifeno diminui, na adjuvÃncia por 5 anos, a probabilidade de recidiva em 47% e de morte por cÃncer de mama em 26%. Seus dois principais efeitos colaterais, apesar de raros, sÃo: aumento da prevalÃncia de cÃncer de endomÃtrio e de fenÃmenos tromboembÃlicos. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os principais benefÃcios e recidivas tumorais em pacientes portadoras de cÃncer de mama tratadas com tamoxifeno, na forma adjuvante, acompanhadas no Instituto do CÃncer do CearÃ, no perÃodo de abril de 1999 a abril de 2004. A anÃlise dos pacientes avaliados foi feita de acordo com o estadiamento clÃnico e patolÃgico, receptores hormonais, e comparadas com dados histÃricos, bem como o efeito protetor no aparecimento de um segundo cÃncer na mama contralateral, recidiva local ou à distÃncia, de acordo com o estadiamento clÃnico e patolÃgico e, por fim, avaliou-se a qualidade da informaÃÃo e dos dados contidos nos prontuÃrios das pacientes do estudo. ProntuÃrios de duzentos e setenta e nove pacientes foram analisados quanto aos dados sÃcio-demogrÃficos, idade, status menopausal, estadiamento clÃnico e patolÃgico, dosagem de receptores de estrÃgeno e progesterona, casos de cÃncer de endomÃtrio, modalidade de tratamento, causas de Ãbito, tipo histolÃgico e status dos linfonodos axilares. Verificou-se que a maioria dos resultados encontrados està de acordo com os dados da literatura, ou seja, que o grupo de pacientes com estadiamento clÃnico inicial, a exemplo do EstÃdio ClÃnico I, tratadas com tamoxifeno, apresentaram maior beneficio clÃnico, quando comparado com o grupo com doenÃa localmente avanÃada, bem como menos metÃstases e recidivas, benefÃcio para pacientes positivos para receptores estrogÃnicos. A anÃlise dos dados teve prejuÃzo resultante da qualidade dos registros realizados nos prontuÃrios, ressaltando a importÃncia de se estimular os mÃdicos a documentar, de forma clara e legÃvel, o maior nÃmero de informaÃÃes possÃveis, nÃo apenas as positivas, mas todas aquelas que possam ter relaÃÃo com a utilizaÃÃo de qualquer medicamento prescrito e, ainda, a importÃncia da confirmaÃÃo do receptor hormonal. / Cancer is one of most worry public health problem in many parts of the world and breast cancer is the most common in the women in the Western World. Tamoxifen has been the mainstay of adjuvant endocrine treatment for many years and it is the drug more prescribed in the treatment of breast cancer, mainly in the adjuvant modality, in pre or post menopaused patients, positive estrogen and/or progesterone receptors, used too in the treatment of locally advanced and metastatic disease and in smaller proportion in patients with formal contraindication of surgery or that refuse to submit this treatment modality. In the neoadjuvancy it is just used in clinical research. The tamoxifen also reduces, in the adjuvant modality, used during five years, the probability of recurrence in 47% and deaths caused by breast cancer in 26% and the two main side effects, in spite of rare, are the increase of the prevalence of endometrial cancer and of thromboembolic phenomenon. This study had as main objective to evaluate the patients, breast cancer bearers, in the Institute of Cancer of CearÃ, treated with tamoxifen, in the adjuvant form, in the period of 1994 to 2004 regarding the main benefits and side effects. It had been performed the analysis in agreement with the hormonal receptors, clinical and pathological staging and compared with the historical data, as well as the tamoxifen protector effect against new contralateral breast cancer occurrence, main local relapse and distant metastasis in accordance with clinical and pathological staging, and at last, the quality of prontuary information and medical registers. Two hundred seventy nine patientsâ prontuaries were analyzed in respect to the demographic dataâs, age, menopausal status, clinical and pathological staging, estrogen and/or progesterone receptors status, cases of endometrial cancer, modality of treatment, death causes, histological type and axillary lymph nodes status. It had been evaluated that most of the data is in agreement with the literature, in other words, the early breast cancer group as Clinical Stage I, treated with tamoxifen, had clinical benefice, when compared with the group with locally advanced disease, as well as, less metastasis and locally relapse, benefices to patients with positive estrogen receptors . The damage of the analysis was resulting from the quality accomplished found in the prontuaries, so, doctors should be more and more stimulated to document, in a clear and readable way, the largest number of possible information, not just the positive ones, but all those that more frequently can have relationships with the use of any prescribed medicine or procedure, and the importance to confirm the status of hormonal receptor.

O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar as taxas de sobrevida de implantes unitários, instalados na maxila, com diferentes tratamentos de superfícies: oxidação anódica (AO), duplo ataque ácido (DAE), ataque ácido e jateamento (SAE) e ataque ácido e jateamento modificada (SAE modificada). Também avaliou a influência de outras variáveis sobre estas taxas. Foram avaliados pacientes com implantes unitários em maxila, atendidos no Centro Odontológico da Polícia Militar de São Paulo e do Centro de Excelência em Prótese e Implantes da Universidade de São Paulo (Brasil), entre janeiro de 2008 e julho de 2013. Os seguintes dados foram coletados: sexo do paciente, características do implante (forma, diâmetro, comprimento), tratamento de superfície, localização do implante (maxila anterior ou posterior), presença de enxerto ósseo e falhas de implantes. O desfecho primário foi a perda do implante (falha). Estatísticas descritivas foram realizadas para caracterizar a distribuição de frequência de implantes em relação às variáveis. A análise da falha do implante foi feita por curvas de sobrevida de Kaplan-Meier. O teste de Mantel-Cox identificou as variáveis associadas à falha do implante ao longo do tempo. A amostra analisada foi constituída por 1076 implantes em 549 pacientes. As falhas ocorreram em 20 implantes (1,9%), 15 deles (75%) em homens e 5 em mulheres (25%). A frequência de falha foi maior em regiões de enxerto ósseo, e esta diferença ocorreu nos implantes em homens e com superfície DAE. A presença de enxerto aumentou em seis vezes as chances de falha do implante em relação às áreas de osso natural. Nos pacientes com implantes com superfície DAE estimou-se que essa chance de falha do implante em área de enxerto aumentou em nove vezes. / The purpose was evaluate the survival rates of single implants installed in maxilla with different surface treatments: anodic oxidation (AO), dual acid-etching (DAE), sandblasted and acid-etched (SAE) e sandblasted and acid-etched modified (SAE modified). It also evaluated the influence of other variables on these rates. Patients with installed single implants in the maxilla treated at Dental Center of Military Police of São Paulo and the Center for Excellence in Prosthodontics and Implants of the University of São Paulo (Brazil) between January 2008 and July 2013 were evaluated. The following data were collected: patient gender, implant characteristics (shape, diameter, length), surface treatment, location of the implant (anterior or posterior maxilla), presence of bone graft and implant failures. The primary outcome was the loss of the implant (failure). Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the frequency distribution of implants in relation to the variables. The analysis of implant failure was made by survival curves of Kaplan-Meier. The Mantel-Cox test was performed to identify variables associated with implant failure over time. The sample consisted of 1076 implants in 549 patients. Failures occurred in 20 implants (1.9%), while 15 of them (75%) were men and 5 women (25%). The frequency of failure was higher in regions of bone graft, and this difference was related to implants in men and in DAE implants. The presence of graft area increased by 6 times the chances of implant failure in relation to areas of natural bone. In DAE implants was estimated that the chance of failure of the implant graft area increased by 9 times.

A escolha do sistema de estadiamento dos carcinomas bem diferenciados da tireóide continua um desafio aos clínicos que atuam no tratamento das doenças da tireóide. Em nosso meio, faltam estudos que nos proporcionem tais modelos prognósticos ou que validem os previamente publicados. Este estudo retrospectivo visa avaliar o grau de aplicabilidade destes sistemas já descritos em pacientes de nossas instituições. Foram analisados 556 pacientes de dois grandes centros de tratamento oncológico no Brasil. O seguimento médio destes pacientes foi de 7,6 anos. Foram incluídos somente pacientes que obtiveram tratamento inicial cirúrgico no período de 1980 a 2000. A análise estatística foi feita utilizando o pacote estatístico SPSS for Windows 15.0. Analisados os pacientes do estudo, 81,2% eram do sexo feminino e 59,4% com idade inferior a 45 anos. O carcinoma papilífero e seus subtipos estiveram presentes em 83,3% da amostra. A análise multivariada de nossa população evidenciou como fatores de risco independentes a idade, o gênero, o tamanho do tumor e a presença de metástase à distância. O método da proporção da variação explicada (PVE) mostrou que os melhores sistemas de estadiamento/escore prognóstico para carcinoma bem diferenciado da tireóide foram TNM, EORTC, OSU e AMES. No caso dos portadores de carcinoma papilífero, foram os sistemas Ankara, MACIS e UAB & MDA os melhores preditores do desfecho da amostra. Dentre os modelos estudados, a maioria - exceto os sistemas de Murcia e Noguchi para homens - foi capaz de prever o desfecho de nossa amostra em menor ou maior grau. O sistema TNM (UICC/AJCC) esteve entre os melhores sistemas de estadiamento/escores prognósticos pela classificação do PVE. Foi capaz de predizer melhor o desfecho da nossa amostra e da população de outros estudos, incluindo os realizados entre a população européia, asiática e norte-americana. Isto sugere que este sistema deva ser mais amplamente utilizado para descrever o estadiamento e inferir o prognóstico nas publicações sobre carcinoma bem diferenciado da tireóide mundialmente / Background: Choosing the best well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma (WDTC) prognostic score remains a challenge for physicians. No studies have been done with Latin American populations to validate previous results from other continents. This retrospective study evaluates the goodness of fit of staging systems/prognostic scores published in our patient institutions and investigates a staging system that can provide a better WDTC prognosis. Methods: This study includes patients submitted to surgical resection for WDTC, from 1980 to 2000, in two Latin American cancer centers. A total of 556 patients were reviewed and analyzed. Thirteen well-known and published staging systems/prognostic scores were tested in this patient population. Results: Of the 556 patients, 81.2% were female and 59.4% were aged under 45 years. Papillary carcinoma (PTC) and its subtypes were present in 83.3% of the cases. The multivariate analysis showed age, gender, tumor size and distant metastasis as independent risk factors for these patients. The proportion of variance explained (PVE) method showed that the best validated staging systems/prognostic scores for WDTC patients were TNM, EORTC, OSU and AMES. In the case of PTC patients, Ankara, MACIS, and UAB & MDA were the best predictor of patient outcome. Conclusions: Except for Murcia e Noguchi for male systems, all the other prognostic scores were validated for our sample. We found that TNM (UICC/AJCC system) was consistently among the top four in the ranking of staging systems/prognostic scores that mostly predicted the prognosis of our patient population and others, including European, Asian and North-American populations suggesting that this system should be used more widely to report prognostic results in WDTC publications worldwide

Apesar da existência de diversos estudos que validem o uso de implantes de diâmetro estreito, a maioria é baseada em ligas de titânio puro. Há pouca evidência clínica em relação ao sucesso do implantes de diâmetro estreito de titânio-zircônia (TiZr NDIs), no que diz respeito à taxa de sobrevida (SR) e perda óssea marginal (MLB). O objetivo desta revisão sistemática foi analisar sistematicamente SR, assim como MBL de TiZr NDIs quando comparados a implantes de diâmetro estreito de titânio comercialmente puro (cpTi NDIs). A busca foi conduzida nas bases Medline/Pubmed, Cochrane, Scopus e Embase (do ano 2000 a novembro de 2016). Foram incluídos estudos clínicos do tipo coorte e randomizados. Dos 3453 artigos inicialmente identificados, foram incluídos seis estudos clínicos. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante em taxa de sobrevida quando comparados os grupos TiZr NDIs e cpTi NDIs, em um ano de acompanhamento (p=0,5), além disso, também não houve diferença na comparação entre região de implantação (anterior ou posterior) no grupo TiZr NDIs. Não houve diferença entre os grupos anterior e posterior em relação à taxa de sobrevida em um ano: -0,01 (95% CI, -0,05 a 0,03) e perda óssea marginal: -0,01 mm (95% CI: -0,14 a 0,12). Pode-se concluir que TiZr NDIs apresentam taxas de sucesso e reabsorção óssea peri-implantar similares às de cpTi NDis. / Despite the existence of several studies validating the use of narrow diameter implants, most of them are based on pure Ti alloys. There is few clinical evidence of the success of TiZr narrow diameter implants (TiZr NDIs) regarding survival rate and marginal bone loss. The aim of this review was to systematically assess survival rate, as well as marginal bone loss of TiZr NDIs compared to commercially pure titanium narrow diameter implants (cpTi NDIs). Material and Methods: The search was conducted in Medline/PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus and Embase databases (year 2000 to November 2016). Cohort studies and randomized trials were included. Results: Six clinical studies from the 3453 articles initially identified met the inclusion criteria. There were no statistically significant differences in survival rate when TiZr NDIs and cpTi NDIs were compared in the 1-year follow up (p=0.5), or when comparing TiZr NDIs placed in posterior and anterior regions. There was no difference between groups regarding 1-year SR: -0.01 (95% CI, -0.05 to 0.03) and MLB: -0.01 mm (95% CI: -0.14 to 0.12). Conclusion: It can be concluded that TiZr NDIs present similar success rates and peri-implant bone resorption to cpTi NDIs.