Women-owned businesses are one of the fastest growing entrepreneurial populations, accounting for 8 million of the 28 million small businesses in the United States. Small businesses fail at a rate of 55% by the 5th year of operation and women, who own over 30% of all small businesses, contribute significantly to the 55% small business failure rate. Using Schumpeter's framework, this single exploratory case study investigated how women entrepreneurial small business owners use strategies to sustain their business operation beyond 5 years. A purposeful sample identified 2 women salon small business owners located in the Macon, Georgia metro area. Data were collected from semistructured interviews and a review of company documents. Three emergent themes were identified using Yin's 5 step analytic strategy approach: motivation for business start-ups, which included the motivation, skills, and education needed for business sustainability; success factors, which included innovation and the overall business environment, and employee and customer satisfaction which included customer and human relations. The impact of these practices can enhance social change by contributing to the sustainability and profitability of the organization which can enhance the economic security of the family, community, and the nation. New knowledge from this study could impact entrepreneurship success strategies and increase the number of women-owned businesses beyond the first 5 years of operation.

The business environment is in constant flux where stakeholders encourage organizational leaders to consider sustainable business tactics alongside corporate profits. While most business leaders recognize the importance of including sustainability into corporate goals, evidence suggested that only 10% have sustainable action plans in place. Using the honeybee leadership model as the conceptual framework, the purpose of this qualitative case study was to explore the sustainable leadership strategies that business leaders from small- and medium- sized companies integrated to increase corporate revenue. These companies were B Corp certified which ensures a third party endorsement of sustainable practices. The data were collected through face-to-face, semistructured interviews from 4 B Corp business leaders of these sustainable businesses in West Michigan, B Corp sustainability ratings, and literature review documents. These four businesses represented 44% of the B Corp organizations in Michigan. Transcript evaluation, member checking, and methodological triangulation ensured reliability and strengthened the credibility of the data collected. From the data analysis, four themes emerged: (a) enabling culture, (b) stakeholder inclusion, (c) staff engagement, and (d) social responsibility. These study findings suggest that area small- and medium-sized companies seeking to implement sustainable business adopt these tactics to increase corporate revenue. Implications for social change include the advancement of community health through improved air and water quality, as leaders understand how their contributions fit within the greater community.

The number of buildings seeking LEED certification has been growing steadily over the past few years. In this study, three academic buildings which were designed and built to LEED certification standards were targeted in Bowling Green, Kentucky. Their electricity consumption and cost effectiveness were examined and compared with predesigned LEED efficiency models of those three buildings. This research directly examined cost effectiveness of LEED buildings in terms of electricity usage. Three case studies were completed to find the initial and on-going electricity costs of LEED buildings and to verify the LEED standard results. LEED aspects of these buildings were discussed with contractors, architects, project managers, and building maintenance personnel who participated in LEED projects and non-LEED sustainable projects.

Background and problem discussion: Society's increased concern about environmental pollution, the greenhouse effect, climate change and human rights violations have inspired business practices that take greater account of social responsibility. This has led to the fact that since 2017 it is mandatory for companies of a certain size to report non-financial information on how they deal with social and environmental issues in a sustainability report. An industry that has high pressure to report how they work for sustainable development is the aviation industry, but previous studies show that there is uncertainty about how to report sustainability and that it has led to a lack of quality in the reports. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to examine and add understanding of quality in sustainability reporting. The study also aims to compare sustainability reports over time and examine if the quality within sustainability reporting has changed. Method: This study uses a comparative and longitudinal research design. The study is based on a qualitative research strategy with quantitative elements using a qualitative content analysis. An encoding scheme is used to assess the companies' sustainability reports. Results: The study's empirical data shows that the quality of the sustainability reports within European airlines has improved considerably between 2015-2018, but there is still room for sustainability reporting to develop. Through a review of the companies‟ sustainability reports, you can see a clear direction that the sustainability reports are showing more and more similarities in terms of quality, and the companies have focused most on improving the reporting of trends over time as well as their performance in environmental issues. / Bakgrund och problemformulering: Samhällets ökade oro kring miljöförstöring,växthuseffekten, klimatförändringar och kränkningar av mänskliga rättigheter har inspirerattill affärsmetoder som tar större hänsyn till socialt ansvar. Detta har lett till att det sedan 2017 är obligatoriskt för företag av en viss storlek att redovisa icke-finansiell information kring hur de bemöter sociala och miljörelaterade frågor samt utmaningar i en hållbarhetsrapport. En bransch som har hög press på sig att redovisa på vilket sätt de arbetar för en hållbar utveckling är flygbranschen, men tidigare studier visar att det råder en osäkerhet kring hur man ska hållbarhetsrapportera och att det lett till en bristande kvalité på rapporterna. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att undersöka samt tillföra förståelse för kvalité inom hållbarhetsredovisning. Vidare syftar studien till att jämföra hållbarhetsrapporter över tid och undersöka om det skett någon förändring gällande hållbarhetsredovisningens kvalité. Metod: Denna studie använder sig av en komparativ samt longitudinell forskningsdesign. Studien utgår ifrån en kvalitativ forskningsstrategi med kvantitativa inslag där en kvalitativ innehållsanalys används. Ett kodningsschema används för att undersöka företagens hållbarhetsredovisningar. Slutsats: Studiens empiri visar att kvalitén på hållbarhetsredovisningen inom Europeiska flygbolag har förbättrats avsevärt mellan år 2015-2018, men det finns ännu stort utrymme för hållbarhetsredovisningen att utvecklas. Genom en granskning av bolagens hållbarhetsrapporter ser man en tydlig riktning mot att hållbarhetsredovisningarna visar alltmer likheter kvalitetsmässigt, och bolagen har lagt mest fokus på att förbättra redovisningen av trender över tiden samt deras prestationer inom miljömässiga frågor.

Orientador: Leonardo de Barros Pinto / Resumo: A mandioca é cultivada em grande parte do território nacional, portanto, em distintas regiões, sob diferentes sistemas de produção. Na produção de alimentos, chamada “mandioca de mesa”, é considerada uma das principais fontes de carboidratos, vitaminas e sais minerais, o que representa um aspecto importante à alimentação de populações em países pobres. Para a indústria, a mandioca assume destaque na composição de embalagens, colas, mineração, têxtil e farmacêutica e também o de alimentos embutidos, dentre outros, por meio da utilização da fécula. Devido à necessidade do desenvolvimento de sistemas produtivos sustentáveis (melhores desempenhos ambientais, econômicos e sociais), e, em razão da importância da mandioca no cenário agrícola brasileiro, este estudo teve como finalidade realizar o balanço emergético, comparando e analisando distintos sistemas produtivos de mandioca. Ademais, índices emergéticos podem ser utilizados para se ter uma correlação e interação do homem com o meio ambiente, servindo também para se avaliar como estes sistemas se comportam econômica e ecologicamente. Assim, a utilização da análise emergética permite que os custos emergéticos e benefícios sejam comparados, e desta forma, contribuem para gestão de recursos de forma sustentável. Por meio de instrumentos de coleta de dados, foram determinados todos os recursos renováveis (R), não renováveis (N) e financeiros (F) para cada um dos 35 estabelecimentos rurais participantes desta pesquisa. Devido algum... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Mestre

A sociotechnical energy transition requires both a shift to new technologies and attention to social issues like political movements, policy and human behavior. This dissertation investigates social elements of the renewable energy transition occurring at different scales. The core research questions are: How are universities creating and responding to the shifting language of fossil fuel investments? How and for whom do behavioral interventions work? And finally, do in-home displays (IHDs) change behaviors and attitudes of millennial energy users? The three studies covered here occurred within higher education and reflect the importance of colleges and universities as dynamic players in energy transitions. These spaces encourage learning and organizational change on the inside while also pushing outward, challenging social norms. Using a coding approach and text analysis software, this research identifies common frames of language used by colleges and universities who have released formal statements rejecting or adopting divestment policies. This study provides a quantitative assessment of themes and an early overview of this dynamic movement. The second and third study describe the outcomes of a behavioral energy experiment with off-campus students at the University of Vermont testing real-time feedback and financial incentives on individuals' behavior. The second study analyzes the results of a survey conducted with participants in the experiment, investigating changes in attitudes and self-reported behaviors and correlations with actual energy usage. Applying Wilcoxon-signed rank tests and a repeated measures marginal model, showed a minimal effect from the behavioral interventions in survey responses. The results also raise questions about surveys as a reliable predictor for behavior-based outcomes. In the third study, interview data from participants sheds light on questions of how and for whom behavioral interventions work. A within-households split-incentive is discovered, describing one factor contributing to the limited effect of in-home displays on household energy usage. Other factors affecting household energy use are also discussed. This dissertation concludes with recommendations for utilities and policy makers.

Small businesses provide 48% of private-sector jobs in the United States and play a vital role in the country's economic growth and development. Only half of U.S. small businesses survive for longer than 5 years. The purpose of this qualitative multiple-case study was to explore sustainability strategies managers of small oilfield service companies used to sustain their business for longer than 5 years. Data were collected from semistructured interviews with 10 managers--one manager from each of 10 different oilfield service companies located in the Rocky Mountain region of the United States and from review of publicly available documents and archived records. The conceptual framework for this study was the dynamic capability theory. Data analysis was conducted using Yin's 5-step data analysis process and methodological triangulation. Four themes emerged from the study: networking or relationship strategies, financial planning strategies, differentiation strategies, and education and experience strategies. The implications of this study for positive social change include the potential for small business managers to use these findings to develop strategies for profitability and sustainability resulting in job creation, poverty reduction, and socioeconomic development.

Senior leaders who fail to implement work-life balance strategies may experience reduced profits and sustainability challenges. This single case study explored employers' strategies for improving employee work-life balance. The population for the study included 4 senior leaders of a hospice care agency in North Carolina who successfully implemented employee work-life balance strategies. Data were collected from semistructured interviews and from the review of company documents, website, and social media pages. The conceptual framework for the study was the transformational leadership theory. The trustworthiness of interpretations was supported by member checking. Four themes emerged from inductive analysis of the data: a supportive work environment promotes employee work-life balance, leadership trust is key to the success of employee work-life balance, work-life balance programs minimize stress and improve employee job satisfaction, and flexibility and remote work options increase employee work-life balance. Implementing work-life balance strategies in an organization may increase employee morale, employee productivity, and quality of work life. The application of the findings of this study may contribute to positive social change by providing insights for senior leaders on the implementation of strategies to achieve work-life balance to increase workplace sustainability and meet the physiological and psychological needs of employees as well as contribute positively to the communities and the organizations served.

Nonprofit organization leaders increasingly encounter social burdens and financial difficulties, jeopardizing ongoing success and organizational sustainability. The purpose of this single-case study was to explore revenue diversification strategies used by 3 leaders of a small nonprofit organization in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States through the conceptual lens of modern portfolio theory. Data were collected via in-depth semistructured interviews, and member checking was used to facilitate accuracy, consistency, and integrity. Methodological triangulation included a document review and analysis of financial statements, tax returns, strategy objectives, the organizational website, social media, and nonprofit data reports. Data from documents and interviews were manually coded, and themes were identified using thematic analysis. Six themes emerged related to process strengths and opportunities for improvement including capitalizing on a mission-driven workforce; using a systematic strategic planning process; building relationships with partners, suppliers, and collaborators; integrating performance measures to areas of importance; and developing and implanting systematic methods to assess customer satisfaction and workforce engagement. The findings from this study might contribute to positive social change by providing revenue diversification strategies and the supporting processes that leaders of small nonprofit organizations can use to enhance existing services, expand community programs, and create ongoing organizational success.

En ny reglering har införts som innebär att företag måste redovisa om olika hållbarhetsområden i antingen årsredovisningen eller i en separat rapport från och med räkenskapsåret 2017. De områden som ska inkluderas i rapporten är, korruption, mänskliga rättigheter, sociala förhållande, miljö och personal. Syftet med studien är att undersöka om den nya regleringen av hållbarhetsredovisning medför förändring av hållbarhetsarbetet, samt att förklara vilka faktorer som påverkar hur företagen reagerar. Sambandet illustreras i en modell och utifrån modellen formuleras hypoteser för varje faktor. Faktorerna är bransch, storlek, lönsamhet, ägarkoncentration, anställda och extern granskning. För att testa hypoteserna har en webbaserad enkät skickats ut till 265 svenska börsnoterade företag. Enkäten besvarades av 31 respondenter och svaren presenteras i en beskrivande analys samt en korrelationsanalys.  Resultatet indikerar på att företagens arbete med samtliga hållbarhetsområden har blivit intensivare det senaste året, vilket tyder på en förändring i hållbarhetsarbetet. Förändringen antas till viss del bero på den nya regleringen eftersom reglering anses vara ett viktigt motiv för att arbeta med hållbarhet enligt cirka hälften av respondenterna. Slutsatsen är att det finns indikationer att hållbarhetsarbetet har förändrats inom vissa hållbarhetsområden. Däremot kan det inte säkerställas att förändringen beror på den nya regleringen. / A new regulation has been introduced which requires companies to inform about their work with sustainability in the annual report or in a separate report. Areas as corruption, human rights, social relations, environment and staff must be included in the report. The purpose of the survey is primarily to find out if the companies sustainability work is affected by the new regulation, but also to identify and explain the factors that influence the companies’ actions. These factors are illustrated in a model and hypotheses are formulated for each factor. The factors are, industry, size, profitability, ownership concentration, employees and external auditing. To test the hypothesis, a web-based questionnaire was sent out to 265 Swedish listed companies. 31 companies answered the questionnaire. The answers are presented in a descriptive analysis and a correlation analysis. The results shows that companies’ work with the sustainability areas has become more intense in the last year, which indicated a change in sustainability efforts. Because half of the respondents considered regulation as an important motive for work with sustainability, the change assumed to some extent due to the new regulation. The conclusions are that sustainability work has changed in some areas of sustainability. However, it can not be ensured that the change is due to the new regulation.