A extração cada vez maior de recursos da natureza e o grande volume de lixo descartado nos aterros sanitários alertam para a necessidade de se promover a reciclagem e a reutilização de resíduos para se gerarem novos materiais, inclusive, no setor da construção civil. Com base nisso e a partir de um estudo sobre as obras arquitetônicas em que Shigeru Ban construiu painéis de vedação com tubos de papelão, este trabalho desenvolveu uma proposta de painéis de vedação vertical de tubos de papelão e fez uma avaliação do seu desempenho estrutural visando a sua utilização no Brasil. Foram realizados ensaios técnicos para avaliar o painel de vedação vertical de tubos de papelão proposto, no que se refere à sua resistência mecânica e ao seu comportamento quando submetido às principais ações sofridas por um painel de vedação vertical. Também foi construída uma célula-teste para avaliar o desempenho técnico e estrutural do painel de vedação vertical de tubos de papelão proposto quando submetido a situações reais de exposição. Os dados obtidos em ambas as avaliações foram levados em consideração para verificar o desempenho geral do painel que se propôs, possibilitando concluir se este é apto ao seu emprego na construção civil no Brasil, e sugerir alguns usos e aplicações para o mesmo. / The increasing extraction of nature resources and the large volume of waste discarded in landfills call for the need to promote recycling and reuse of waste to create new materials, inclusive in the construction industry. Considering this aspect and from a study of the architectural masterpieces where Shigeru Ban built sealing cardboard tubes panels, this study developed a proposal for vertical sealing cardboard tubes panels and assessed their structural performance having in mind their use in Brazil. Technical tests were conducted to evaluate the proposed vertical sealing cardboard tubes panel regarding its mechanical resistance and behavior when submitted to the main actions suffered by a vertical sealing panel. A test cell was also built to evaluate the structural and technical performance of the proposed vertical sealing cardboard tubes panel when submitted to real exposure situations. Data obtained in both evaluations were taken into consideration to verify the general performance of the proposed panel, allowing to conclude whether this is suitable for being used in civil construction in Brazil, and to suggest some usage and applications for it.

A presente pesquisa contribui para a realização de edifícios com um maior desempenho socioambiental e em equilíbrio com as questões culturais e econômicas atuantes no contexto dos empreendimentos. Foram estudados três casos que utilizaram o referencial do Processo AQUA (método de avaliação de empreendimentos sustentáveis, de origem francesa). O escopo da pesquisa está limitado às etapas do empreendimento que vão da concepção do projeto ao término da construção. Os objetivos propostos são identificar e analisar como o processo de gestão de empreendimentos se altera para a realização de edifícios com um melhor desempenho socioambiental, e os impactos dos requisitos propostos pelo referencial do Processo AQUA na elaboração das soluções técnicas e de outras estratégias, presentes nos projetos dos edifícios estudados. Adota como método de pesquisa o estudo de caso, baseado em entrevistas e análise documental. Os resultados e conclusões apontam que deve haver a participação de todas as partes interessadas, dando especial atenção à necessidade da formação da equipe de projetos logo nas primeiras fases da realização do empreendimento; também indicam que novas competências passam a fazer parte do processo e devem ser integradas à equipe, em momentos adequados, e que as soluções técnicas se desenvolvem de forma contínua e mais acelerada nos empreendimentos de edifícios de alto desempenho socioambiental, pois estes apresentam novas proposições de projeto que demandam desenvolvimento tecnológico dos projetistas, dos fabricantes de materiais e das empresas construtoras. / This research contributes to carrying out buildings with a higher environmental performance and in harmony with economic and cultural issues that take place in the projects context. It studied three cases, which employed the reference guide of the AQUA Process (a sustainable buildings assessment method of French origin). The scope of the research is limited from the concept design phase to the end of the construction phase. The objectives are to identify and analyze how the process of project management changes in order to improve the environmental performance of the buildings, and the impacts of the AQUA Process requirements on the development of technical solutions and other strategies, in the buildings studied here. As a research methodology it makes use of the case study, based on interviews and documentary analysis. The findings and conclusions indicate the need for the participation of all stakeholders, giving special attention to the necessity of shaping the project\'s team in the very first stages of the activity; they also reveal that new skills become part of the process and should be integrated into the team, at appropriate times, and that technical solutions are developed continuously and faster in high-performance building projects due to the new proposals they present, which demand technology development of designers, material manufacturers and construction companies.

An appropriate civil infrastructure is vital to the wealth and wellbeing of cultures. Appropriateness is increasingly defined in terms of sustainability, aesthetics, innovation and cultural suitability. These expectations pose challenges for engineers to use their creativity, aesthetic appreciation, knowledge and character to predict and respond creatively with their designs. However, a treadmill of cost innovation in construction projects makes improved design challenging. This tends to reinforce the misconception that engineers are dull and uncreative, even though historically they have displayed considerable imagination and ingenuity. This thesis is based on an in-depth study conducted at the Brisbane office of Kellogg Brown & Root P/L (a large consulting engineering firm). A contemporary qualitative approach is used to explore how creativity is manifested in an engineering design context, and how it relates to phenomena such as knowledge, innovation, project culture and organizational environment. In-depth interviews reveal the authentic meaning of design and creativity for engineers and other company staff. The study highlights an important distinction between design-based and cost-driven innovation and unveils multiple influences that can stifle or nurture personal and group creativity.

A extração cada vez maior de recursos da natureza e o grande volume de lixo descartado nos aterros sanitários alertam para a necessidade de se promover a reciclagem e a reutilização de resíduos para se gerarem novos materiais, inclusive, no setor da construção civil. Com base nisso e a partir de um estudo sobre as obras arquitetônicas em que Shigeru Ban construiu painéis de vedação com tubos de papelão, este trabalho desenvolveu uma proposta de painéis de vedação vertical de tubos de papelão e fez uma avaliação do seu desempenho estrutural visando a sua utilização no Brasil. Foram realizados ensaios técnicos para avaliar o painel de vedação vertical de tubos de papelão proposto, no que se refere à sua resistência mecânica e ao seu comportamento quando submetido às principais ações sofridas por um painel de vedação vertical. Também foi construída uma célula-teste para avaliar o desempenho técnico e estrutural do painel de vedação vertical de tubos de papelão proposto quando submetido a situações reais de exposição. Os dados obtidos em ambas as avaliações foram levados em consideração para verificar o desempenho geral do painel que se propôs, possibilitando concluir se este é apto ao seu emprego na construção civil no Brasil, e sugerir alguns usos e aplicações para o mesmo. / The increasing extraction of nature resources and the large volume of waste discarded in landfills call for the need to promote recycling and reuse of waste to create new materials, inclusive in the construction industry. Considering this aspect and from a study of the architectural masterpieces where Shigeru Ban built sealing cardboard tubes panels, this study developed a proposal for vertical sealing cardboard tubes panels and assessed their structural performance having in mind their use in Brazil. Technical tests were conducted to evaluate the proposed vertical sealing cardboard tubes panel regarding its mechanical resistance and behavior when submitted to the main actions suffered by a vertical sealing panel. A test cell was also built to evaluate the structural and technical performance of the proposed vertical sealing cardboard tubes panel when submitted to real exposure situations. Data obtained in both evaluations were taken into consideration to verify the general performance of the proposed panel, allowing to conclude whether this is suitable for being used in civil construction in Brazil, and to suggest some usage and applications for it.

Achieving a transition to sustainability and decrease the environmental impact of building is part of Sweden's sustainability goals. Authorities and policy makers have a big responsibility to promote and facilitate this transition, but how this is to be achieved is not as readily answered. Using the multi-level perspective on socio-technical transitions, this thesis investigates the conditions for sustainability transitions in Swedish building by learning from the case of earthen and straw home builders. Qualitative mixed methods research, including questionnaires and semi-structured interviews was carried out to explore drivers and barriers for innovative sustainable building in Sweden. Findings suggest that there are barriers for innovative sustainable building in Sweden that might slow down the sustainability transition process, not in terms of regulation but in practices and norms in the current socio-technical regime.

Detta examensarbete har genomförts i samarbete med Grontmij AB och är ämnat att ta fram tre olika förslag på byggnader med samma utformning men uppförda med olika material i klimatskal och stomme, för att jämföra dess energiförbrukning och slutligen analysera koldioxidutsläppen som genereras. Målet med denna studie är att påvisa vilka material som lämpar sig främst vid hållbart byggande, vilka materialval som främst kan föredras när man vill uppnå energieffektiva byggnader samt analysera dess koldioxidutsläpp. Målet är att påvisa att koldioxidutsläppen minskar med enligt de upprättade miljökraven från Stockholms Stad i samarbete med Clinton Climate Initiative. Climate Positive Development Program lanserades år 2009 och är ett gemensamt initiativ mellan Clinton Climate Initiative och US Green Building Council. Programmet stödjer 18 projekt världen över och Norra Djurgårdsstaden är ett av projekten som ska vara en förebild för framgångsrik ekonomisk och miljömässig stadsutveckling. Programmet är även en vägledning vid byggande av bostäder vilket är avgörande för evolutionen av stadsbygget. Utvecklingen kring byggande har med tiden förändrats och anpassats till mer miljövänliga och energieffektiva alternativ. Idag har det blivit mer vanligt att tala om energieffektiva byggnader och minskade koldioxidutsläpp, vilka är betydelsefulla faktorer som påverkar miljön och vår framtid avsevärt. Genom att bygga hållbart och ta hänsyn till faktorer som tidigare undvikits, kommer utvecklingen ske mot det bättre. Fokus i denna studie är att analysera hur väl de utformade byggnaderna uppfyller miljökraven som Stockholms stad har upprättat i området Norra Djurgårdsstaden, med avseende på energiförbrukning och koldioxidutsläpp. Byggnaderna utformas med hänsyn till detaljplanen för Norra 2 (del av Hjorthagen 1:3 och Norra Djurgården 1:14) samt de upprättade kraven för energiförbrukning och gestaltning. Examensarbetet skall förmedla hur mycket de olika materialen; trä, betong och stål/tegel påverkar energiförbrukningen och koldioxidutsläppen. Jämförelsen mellan respektive byggnads energiförbrukning ger en inblick i vilka material och vilken byggnadsutformning som kan vara avgörande för framtida byggande och urbanisering. Resultaten för energiförbrukningen beräknas genom programmet VIP-Energy som erhålls från Grontmij AB. Förslag 1 – trästomme, erhöll en årlig energiförbrukning på 25 kWh/m2, förslag 2 – betongstomme en på 22 kWh/m2 och förslag 3 – stålstomme med tegelfasad en på 38 kWh/m2. I denna studie har koldioxidutsläpp som genereras i samband med framställning av materialen uteslutits i beräkningarna. Med hjälp av programmet VIP-Energy har koldioxidutsläpp beräknats för respektive förslag trä, betong samt stålstomme med tegelfasad där endast byggnadsförslagens processenergi och elförsörjning beaktats. Gällande koldioxidutsläppen som värmeförsörjningen genererar har enklare handberäkningar gjorts och jämförts med olika fördelningar av distributionssystemen fjärrvärme och bergvärmepump. Koldioxidutsläppen som baseras på byggnadernas värmeförsörjning resulterade i att förslag 2 – betongstomme, som har den lägsta värmetillförseln (256 kWh), genererar minst koldioxidutsläpp genom värmedistributionen (28,34-37,12 kg CO2/år ). Värmedistributioner för förslag 1 – trästomme genererar 52,55 – 68,73 kg CO2/år och för förslag 3 – stålstomme med tegelfasad genereras 697,8 – 912,63 kg CO2/år. / This thesis has been implemented in collaboration with Grontmij AB and is intended to present three different proposals for buildings with the same design but constructed with different materials in the building envelope and structure. The proposals will be compared in their energy consumption and analyzed in their respective amounts of carbon emissions the buildings generate. The ambition is to demonstrate that carbon dioxide emissions are reduced by applying the environmental requirements from the City of Stockholm in cooperation with the Clinton Climate Initiative. Climate Positive Development Program was launched in 2009 and is a joint initiative between the Clinton Climate Initiative and the U.S. Green Building Council. The program supports 18 projects worldwide and Stockholm Royal Seaport (Norra Djurgårdsstaden) is one of the projects that will be an example to an economically successful and environmental sustainable urban development. The development of building has overtime changed and adapted to more environmental friendly and energy efficient alternatives. Energy efficient buildings and reduced carbon emissions has become more common, which are significant factors that affects the environment and our future. The development will strive for the better by building more sustainable and take the factors that have long been avoided, into account. The focus of this study is to analyze how well the designed buildings meet the environmental standards, concerning energy consumption and carbon emissions. The zon of Norra 2 (part of Hjorthagen 1:3 and Norra Djurgården 1:14) is taken into consideration while designing the buildings as well as the requirements for energy consumption and conformation. The thesis shall convey what affects the materials; wood, concrete and steel with brick façade, has on the energy consumption and carbon emission. The comparison between each buildings’ energy consumption gives an insight of which materials and which design that should be used for future constructions and urbanization.   The result of the energy consumption is calculated by the program VIP-Energy, obtained from Grontmij AB. Proposal 1 – wooden frame, received an annual energy consumption of 25 kWh/m2, proposal 2 – concrete frame received an of 22 kWh/m2 and proposal 3 – steel structure with a brick façade received an of 38 kWh/m2. The carbon dioxide emissions that are generated in relation to the making of the materials have been excluded in the calculations of this thesis. The carbon emissions has been calculated with the program VIP-Energy for each proposal; wood, concrete and steel with brick façade, where only the building proposals' process energy and electricity is taken into consideration. The heat supply is simply calculated by hand and has been compared with different distributions between district heating and geothermal heat pump. The carbon dioxide emissions are based on the buildings' energy supply. It resulted in that proposal 2, which had the lowest heat input (256 kWh), generates the least carbon emissions (28, 34 – 37, 12 kg CO2/year). The heating distribution for proposal 1 generates 52, 55 – 68, 73 kg CO2/year and proposal 3 generates 697,8 – 912,63 kg CO2/year.

This project is a master’s thesis in Industrial Design that has been conducted in the spring of 2022 at Luleå University of Technology. The project is a cooperation with the company Neava and is about improving their online tool Design Studio. The goal of the project is to improve the online tool from an environmentally friendly perspective, i.e., how information is presented regarding material’s impact on the environment and how energy efficient the house will be when all the choices have been made.  Today, there are two different interfaces of Design Studio. One that is based on specific requirements from a customer, and another that is designed for sellers. None of these interfaces provides the user with information about how the materials are affecting the environment. Today it is important to think about the materials and energy efficiency when new houses are being built to create a sustainable future.  The work has been conducted by the process Design Thinking, which is an iterative process that is performed in five different phases: empathize, define, ideate, prototype, and test. In the first phase, an understanding of the user was created, this was conducted through interviews and a survey. In the second phase, the user was identified, and user needs were established. In the third phase, different ideas and concepts were generated and then evaluated by users. In the fourth phase, a clickable prototype was created in the program Adobe XD. In the fifth phase, the prototype was tested on users and later improved based on the results.  The final result is a clickable prototype that informs the user about the available materials and how they are affecting the environment. The materials are categorized into three different groups: red, yellow, and green. If a material is in the red category, it indicates that the material is the worst for the environment. If a material is in the yellow category, it indicates that the material is okay for the environment. If a material is in the green category, it indicates that the material is the best for the environment. These three colors are connected to the environmental meter, the indicator shows the user how environmentally friendly materials the user has selected and how energy efficient the house will be.

En los últimos años, el crecimiento poblacional ha representado un reto ingenieril para brindar calidad de vida a las personas mediante la construcción de edificios multifamiliares elaborados a base de concreto armado. Sin embargo, estos producen el 36% del consumo de energía y el 39% de emisiones de CO2 a nivel mundial. En este sentido, en el Perú en el año 2019, se produjo un estimado de 10,6 millones de toneladas de cemento y un consumo de 74.2 millones de toneladas de arena y piedra, siendo perjudicial para el medio ambiente. Por otro lado, las llantas en desuso se han incrementado en los últimos años, proyectándose para el 2020 un estimado de 50 mil toneladas; una vez desechadas, estas generan efectos perjudiciales para el ambiente, ya sea por desintegración natural o por su incineración. Dicho esto, el proyecto de investigación pretende brindar una propuesta para reducir el impacto ambiental implementando caucho, proveniente del reciclaje de llantas, y microsílice como reemplazos parciales de la arena y el cemento respectivamente, con el fin de obtener diseños de mezcla eco amigable y que cumplan con los requerimientos de resistencia y durabilidad para ser empleados en elementos verticales estructurales. En esta investigación, se empleó el caucho reciclado en 0, 5, 10 y 15% y la microsílice en 2% como reemplazo parcial de la arena y el cemento respectivamente. De esta manera, se evaluaron 10 diseños de mezcla de concreto en estado fresco, analizando sus propiedades de revenimiento, temperatura, contenido de aire y peso unitario; y en estado endurecido, lo concerniente a su resistencia a la compresión y tracción. Además, se empleó un modelo matemático para determinar su durabilidad en base al grado de permeabilidad al ion cloruro. Por último, se recopilaron los resultados de resistencia y propiedades en estado fresco, se añadió el análisis del costo por m3 de diseño, la cantidad de emisiones de CO2 y en base a estos criterios se realizó un ranking a fin de obtener tres mezclas óptimas. Los resultados indican que el concreto con caucho y microsílice en estado fresco aumenta el revenimiento en el tiempo y el contenido de aire, y disminuye la densidad. En estado endurecido disminuye la resistencia a la compresión, tracción y la durabilidad. Además, los costos se incrementan con respecto al convencional hasta en S/ 39.50 y se disminuye la huella de carbono hasta en 56.19 kg CO2 por metro cubico cuando se reemplaza 15% de arena por caucho y 2% de cemento por microsílice. / In recent years, population growth has represented an engineering challenge to provide quality of life to people through the construction of multi-family buildings made of reinforced concrete. However, these produce 36% of energy consumption and 39% of CO2 emissions worldwide. In this way, Peru in 2019, there was an estimated 10.6 million tons of cement and a consumption of 74.2 million tons of sand and stone, being harmful to the environment. On the other hand, disused tires have increased in recent years, with an estimated 50 thousand tons projected for 2020; once discarded, they generate harmful effects for the environment, either by natural disintegration or by burning. That said, the research project aims to provide a proposal to reduce the environmental impact by implementing rubber, from the recycling of tires, and microsilica as a partial replacement for sand and cement respectively, in order to obtain eco-friendly mix designs that comply with the requirements of resistance and durability to be used in vertical structural elements. In this research, recycled rubber was used in 0, 5, 10 and 15% and microsilica in 2% as a partial replacement for sand and cement respectively. In this way, 10 concrete mix designs were evaluated in a fresh state, analyzing their slump properties, temperature, air content and unit weight; and in the hardened state, concerning its resistance to compression and traction. In addition, a mathematical model was used to determine its durability based on the degree of permeability to chloride ion. Finally, the results of resistance and properties in fresh state were collected, the analysis of the cost per m3 of design, the amount of CO2 emissions was added and based on these criteria a ranking was carried out in order to obtain three optimal mixtures. The results indicate that concrete with rubber and microsilica in a fresh state increases slump over time and air content and decreases density. In the hardened state, the resistance to compression, traction and durability decrease. In addition, costs with respect to the conventional one by up to S / 39.50 and the carbon footprint is reduced by up to 56.19 kg CO2 per cubic meter when 15% of sand is replaced by rubber and 2% of cement by microsilica. / Tesis

La présente étude a pour objet de savoir si le Maroc en tant que pays en voie de développement dispose de dispositifs juridiques lui permettant de construire durablement.Le rapport Meadows publié en 1972 annonçant « les limites de la croissance » a incité la communauté internationale à prendre conscience de l’urgence écologique et à agir. Ainsi, plusieurs conférences internationales ont été organisées afin de mettre en place une nouvelle vision de l’avenir de l’humanité. C’est dans ce contexte international marqué par l’accroissement du conflit entre les préoccupations environnementales et le développement économique que la notion de développement durable a vu le jour. Le secteur de la construction parait-il le mieux à pouvoir intégrer ces préoccupations.Un bâtiment durable doit être pensé dès sa conception. Tout le cycle de vie de l’ouvrage a un impact sur l’environnement. C’est pourquoi son développement est subordonné à l’adoption d’un cadre juridique imposant le recours à des matériaux de construction écologique, à la gestion des déchets, à la préservation de la qualité de l’eau, du sol et de l’air et à la réalisation de la performance énergétique. Ces dispositions impliquent de nouvelles exigences qui vont changer les méthodes et pratiques des intervenants et contribuer à une coopération renforcée dans le cadre de la construction. Ainsi, il sera primordial de mettre la lumière sur la responsabilité de ces professionnels. La construction durable a un coût. Son développement doit être appuyé par des règles d’urbanisme, par des incitations financières et par la normalisation et la certification des bâtiments selon les référentiels de l’association haute qualité environnementale. / This study aims to explore the possibility for Morocco as developing country and booming economy to succeed in integrating sustainable development in the construction sector in the same way as his French counterpart.The Meadows report published in 1972 announcing « the limits togrowth » was intended to encourage international community to become aware of the ecological emergency and to act.Thus, a number of international conférences were organized in order to establish a new vision for the future of humanity. It is in this international context marked by the increase conflict between environmental concerns and economic development that the concept of sustainable development was born. The construction fiel dit seems able to integrate these concerns.A sustainable building must be thought fromits conception. All the life cycle of the work has an impact on the environment.That’s whyhis development is subordinated to the adoption of a legal frame work imposing the use of environment-freindly construction materials, waste management, conservation of the quality of the water, the ground and the air and to realization of the energy performance. These rules involve new requirements which are going to change the methods and the practices and contribute to an enhanced coopération gram work or construction. It is there forevery important to shed light on liability of professionals. Sustainable construction has a cost.It’s development must be supported by rules of urban construction, by Financial incentives and by normalization and certification of buildings according to the reference tables of the high quality environmental association.

The aim of master‘s project is to design a new building of the office building in the cadastre area of Rohatec. The project is divided into three parts. The first part deals with the design of environment friendly and sustainable building. The second part is focused on the design of building services and the processing of building energy services. The third part is focused on the modeling of the noise study, the assessment of the soundproofing of the external cladding and the assessment of the reverberation time.