<p>The Swedish Aviation Safety Authority has decided to standardise a classification system for reporting deviations found in inspections. The purpose of a classification system is that similar deviations always should be reported in the same way since this will enable better decisions regarding different risk areas. The inspectors are therefore constrained to use a standardised classification system and are not free to use their own words when reporting deviations. A hierarchal classification system with predefined phrases is in aviation referred to as taxonomy. Taxonomy is already in use when reporting accidents and incidents but not when reporting deviations found in inspections. If the taxonomy also could be implemented when reporting deviations found in inspections it would make it possible to find out what kind of accident or incident the deviation has been involved in. To make this connection possible and to enable further analyses the information has to be stored, preferably in a database. </p><p>We have examined the already existing taxonomy and its usability in inspection reporting. Were the old taxonomy has been found insufficient we have examined how to build up a new suitable taxonomy. We have also begun the extension of the taxonomy in certain domains in aviation. To be able to test the extended taxonomy we have developed a system support that consists of a database and help functions consisting of checklists and linked regulation text. The system support also contains risk assessment matrixes. </p><p>We have through this work seen that a great extension of the existing taxonomy is necessary. As the taxonomy is formed it is hard to make direct connections between accidents/incidents and deviations found in inspections without a mapping tool. However we think that a database management system should be implemented in inspections. A database management system would be a useful help for the inspectors and enable easier access to data for analyses.</p>

The Swedish Aviation Safety Authority has decided to standardise a classification system for reporting deviations found in inspections. The purpose of a classification system is that similar deviations always should be reported in the same way since this will enable better decisions regarding different risk areas. The inspectors are therefore constrained to use a standardised classification system and are not free to use their own words when reporting deviations. A hierarchal classification system with predefined phrases is in aviation referred to as taxonomy. Taxonomy is already in use when reporting accidents and incidents but not when reporting deviations found in inspections. If the taxonomy also could be implemented when reporting deviations found in inspections it would make it possible to find out what kind of accident or incident the deviation has been involved in. To make this connection possible and to enable further analyses the information has to be stored, preferably in a database. We have examined the already existing taxonomy and its usability in inspection reporting. Were the old taxonomy has been found insufficient we have examined how to build up a new suitable taxonomy. We have also begun the extension of the taxonomy in certain domains in aviation. To be able to test the extended taxonomy we have developed a system support that consists of a database and help functions consisting of checklists and linked regulation text. The system support also contains risk assessment matrixes. We have through this work seen that a great extension of the existing taxonomy is necessary. As the taxonomy is formed it is hard to make direct connections between accidents/incidents and deviations found in inspections without a mapping tool. However we think that a database management system should be implemented in inspections. A database management system would be a useful help for the inspectors and enable easier access to data for analyses.

Transitions to more sustainable technologies and processes are a largely discussed topic that concerns several, if not all, global industries. This thesis studies the novel technology of electric passenger aviation as a sustainable option in the aviation industry. The study examines the prospects of electric passenger planes in Sweden specifically and is based on the perspective of established actors within the Swedish aviation industry. As such, the results of the study revolves partly around the technological capabilities of electric planes, and partly around the economical, social and political aspects necessary to make electric planes commercially viable. To assist in examining these diverse aspects, the thesis evaluates the technology from the viewpoint of a socio-technical system, using the theoretical framework of the multi-level perspective to guide the study. The results have found that electric passenger planes are likely to be introduced into the Swedish aviation market in the coming years. However, their long term success is not guaranteed and depends on multiple factors. Key challenges include: the development of battery technology, financial viability compared to alternative sustainable travel solutions, and consumers willingness to change travel habits. These challenges come as a consequence of the relatively short flight range of electric aircrafts, which in turn is due to the low energy density of the batteries being used. / Hållbarhet är ett koncept som diskuteras allt mer frekvent kring både processer och teknologier, inom många, om inte alla globala industrier. Denna uppsats studerar den nya tekniska utvecklingen kring elektriska passagerarplan som ett hållbart alternativ inom flyindustrin.  Studien undersöker de framtida möjligheterna för elektriska passagerarplan att etablera sig på en svensk marknad och baseras på perspektiv från etablerade aktörer inom svensk flygindustri. Således fokuseras studiens resultat dels på tekniska detaljer kring elflygplan, dels på ekonomsika, sociala och politiska aspekter som krävs för att kommersialisera elektriska passagerarplan. För att undersöka dessa olika aspekter använder studien ett socio-teknsikt system perspektiv, samt tar guidning av ett teoretiskt ramverk som på engelska kallas multi-level perspective.  Resultaten från studien indikerar att elektriska passagerarplan troligen kommer att introduceras inom den svenska flygmarknaden under kommande år. Dock är deras långsiktiga framgång inte garanterad och beror på ett antal faktorer. Noterbara utmaningar som identifieras är: Utvecklingen av batteriteknik, finansiell stabilitet jämfört med andra hållbara flygalternativ, och konsumenters villighet att ändra sina flygvanor. Dessa utmaningar är kopplade till den relativt korta räckvidden elektriska flygplan besitter, vilket i sin tur beror på den långa energidensiteten hos de batterier som används.

Sustainability challenges is a growing concern that receives more and more attention on a global level. The aviation sector accounts for roughly 3% of the global CO2 emissions and has experienced increasing growth in demand. To address the sustainability challenges, the Swedish government has established a timeline within which it is hoped to have achieved a zero-net emission transportation sector by the year of 2045. This study aims to determine the conditions needed for hydrogen technology to take off as a measure to accelerate the decarbonisation within aviation. To identify the conditions needed for fostering hydrogen technology in the Swedish aviation industry, the frameworks multi-level perspective and business models were used to create an analytical framework upon which the analysis was based. It pertains to answering what the current perceptions regarding hydrogen technology are, and the implications of the perceptions. Also, it helps identify the conditions needed for the emergence of potential business models. The analysis was performed on data acquired through 11 semistructured interviews, as well as literature concerning hydrogen, kerosene, and sustainability. The findings showcase a consensus of hydrogen’s potential as future fuel in the aviation sector. Four main themes were used to identify the potential of hydrogen, (i) The readiness of the technology and availability of hydrogen as a scalable fuel; (ii) The perceived visibility of hydrogen over time; (iii) The sustainability aspect coupled to the use of hydrogen; (iv) The strategic actions to promote hydrogen. These build on the fact that correct knowledge is generated. However, the commitment to the hydrogen pathway is inhibited by a distinct disparity of opinion regarding the readiness of the pathway in aviation which highlights a difficulty of transferring the generated knowledge. Overall, the noted conditions that hinder the common vision of the pathway’s development regards to the cultural discourse and framing of hydrogen as well as the availability and associated cost of sustainable hydrogen. Through the establishment of networks and business models unique to the capabilities of the Swedish aviation industry an opportunity is presented for the Swedish aviation industry to position themselves as pioneers in the introduction of hydrogen to the industry. With the help from governmental actions and cross-industry applicability, functioning ecosystems can be created that will foster hydrogen technology and help achieve the set climate goals. / Hållbarhetsutmaningar är ett växande problem som får mer och mer uppmärksamhet globalt. Luftfartssektorn står för ungefär 3% av de globala koldioxidutsläppen och har upplevt en stadigt ökande efterfrågan. För att handskas med hållbarhetsutmaningarna har den svenska regeringen upprättat en tidslinje inom vilken man hoppas ha uppnått en klimatneutral transportsektor år 2045. Denna studie syftar till att bestämma de förutsättningar som krävs för att vätteknik ska starta som ett medel för att påskynda koldioxidminskningen inom flygindustrin. För att identifiera de förutsättningar som krävs för att främja vätteknologi i den svenska flygindustrin används teoretiska ramverken multinivåperspektiv och affärsmodeller för att konstruera ett analytiskt ramverk som analysen baserades på. Det analytiska ramverket svarar på vad de nuvarande uppfattningarna om vätteknologi är, och konsekvenserna av dessa uppfattningar. Dessutom hjälper ramverket att identifiera de förutsättningar som krävs för framväxten av potentiella affärsmodeller. Analysen utfördes på data som erhölls genom 11 semistrukturerade intervjuer, samt litteratur om väte, fotogen och hållbarhet. Resultaten visar enighet angående vätets potential som framtida bränsle inom flygsektorn. Fyra teman användesför att identifiera potentialen av väte (i) Teknologins beredskap och tillgängligheten av väte; (ii) Det uppfattade intresset av väte över tid; (iii) Hållbarhetsaspekter kring vätets användning; (iv) Strategiska handlingar för främjandet av väte. Dessa bygger på det faktum att korrekt kunskap om vätets potential genereras. Ändock hämmas engagemanget för väte av en tydlig åsiktsskillnad beträffande teknologins beredskap inom flygindustrin, som härstammar från svårigheter av att överföra den genererade kunskapen. Sammantaget påvisas att förhållandena som hindrar den gemensamma visionen om vätets utveckling handlar om den kulturella diskursen och inramningen av väte, samt tillgängligheten och tillhörande kostnader för hållbart väte. Genom etablering av nätverk och affärsmodeller som är unika för den svenska flygindustrins förmågor, ges den svenska flygindustrin möjligheten att positionera sig som pionjärer i införandet av väte till industrin. Med hjälp av statliga åtgärder och tillämpning över flera branscher kan fungerande ekosystem skapas som främjar vätteknik och hjälper till att uppnå de uppsatta klimatmålen.