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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
131

Síntese, caracterização e aplicação de hidrogéis nanoestruturados contendo nanoargila para melhorar a germinação e qualidade de muda de hortaliça / Synthesis, characterization and application of nanostructured hydrogels containing nanoclay to improve germination and seedling quality of vegetable

Yonezawa, Uilian Gabaldi [UNESP] 04 March 2016 (has links)
Submitted by UILIAN GABALDI YONEZAWA null (uilian_yonezawa@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-05-16T21:16:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertação Final.pdf: 3612402 bytes, checksum: b582b0fd2450b9deae8e2a4e625add5a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Grisoto (grisotoana@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-05-17T18:33:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 yonezawa_ug_me_ilha.pdf: 3612402 bytes, checksum: b582b0fd2450b9deae8e2a4e625add5a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-17T18:33:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 yonezawa_ug_me_ilha.pdf: 3612402 bytes, checksum: b582b0fd2450b9deae8e2a4e625add5a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-04 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Os hidrogéis são polímeros hidrorretentores reticulados, que são capazes de reter e absorver grande quantidade de água. A combinação de polissacarídeos e nanoargila na matriz polimérica otimiza o desenvolvimento de materiais biodegradáveis e nanoestruturados que podem ser utilizados na agricultura. Nesta dissertação foram preparados e caracterizados hidrogéis nanoestruturados biodegradáveis, afim de aplicá-lo como um acelerador no crescimento de mudas de hortaliça. Os hidrogéis foram preparados fixando as concentrações de acrilamida (AAm) em 6% m/v e carboximetilcelulose (CMC) em 1% m/v, e incorporando diferentes concentrações de nanoargila cloisita-Na+. Diferentes quantidades de hidrogéis foram incorporadas ao substrato e investigado a sua eficiência no cultivo de alface. Foram analisadas as propriedades hidrofílicas e cinéticas em água destilada e em soluções salinas. Os hidrogéis demonstraram excelentes resultados de intumescimento. A incorporação de nanoargila na matriz do polímero aumentou a velocidade de absorção de água (indicada pelo aumento da constante cinética k) quando intumescido em água destilada. A formação das redes poliméricas foi confirmada pela análise de espectroscopia no infravermelho com transformada de Fourier (FTIR). A difração do raios-x (DRX) e a espectroscopia de energia dispersiva de Raios-X (EDX) permitiu avaliar a conformação das plaquetas de nanoargila e os elementos químicos presente nos nanocompósitos, respectivamente. A microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) demonstrou uma morfologia de estruturas porosas, com formas bem definidas e tamanhos de poros heterogêneos. A análise térmica evidenciou uma estabilidade térmica abaixo de 200 ºC para todas as amostras analisadas. A aplicação do hidrogel como condicionador de solo demonstrou ser eficiente no cultivo de alface, se aplicado na dose ideal. A presença de nanoargila na matriz polimérica melhorou a germinação, o desenvolvimento e a qualidade das mudas testadas. Os resultados demonstram que os nanocompósitos são produtos promissores em meio de cultura que precisam de liberação controlada e de condicionadores de solo. / Hydrogels are water-retainer crosslinked polymers which are able to retain and absorb large quantities of water. The combination of polysaccharides and nanoclay in the polymeric matrix enhanced the development of nanostructured and biodegradable materials and it can be used in agriculture. In this work, nanostructured biodegradable hydrogels was prepared in order to improve germination and seedling quality of lettuce cultivation. The hydrogels were prepared by fixing the concentrations of acrylamide (AAm) in 6% w/v carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) in 1% w/v, containing different nanoclay Cloisite-Na+ concentrations. Different amounts of hydrogel were incorporated to the substrate and investigated their efficiency in lettuce cultivation. Hydrophilic and kinetic properties were investigated in distilled water and in saline solutions. The hydrogels showed excellent swelling degree results. Also, the incorporation of nanoclay in the polymer matrix increased the water absorption speed (indicated by an increase in kinetic constant k) when swollen in distilled water. The formation of polymer networks was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive spectroscopy X-ray (EDX) corfimed the conformation of the nanoclay platelets and chemical elements present in the nanocomposite, respectively. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed porous structures morphology with well-defined shapes, but with heterogeneity in the size. Thermal analysis showed thermal stability for all samples below 200 °C. The application of hydrogel as a soil conditioner confirmed the efficiency in lettuce cultivation if applied in an optimal dose. The presence of nanoclay in the polymeric matrix enhanced the germination, the development and the quality of the tested seedlings. The results showed that nanocomposites are promising products in a culture medium that need controlled release and soil conditioners.
132

Metoder för åtgärd och identifiering av svällskiffer i Östersund / Methods for Action and Identification of Swelling Shale in Östersund

Hallin Sjölander, Ida, Ånäs, Kristoffer January 2018 (has links)
Arbetets syfte är att undersöka svällande alunskiffer i Östersund, vad de senaste framstegen är för vad som orsakar svällning och hur den kan identifieras och hanteras. Enklare laborationsmoment utförs med provmaterial från jord-bergsondering i Östersund, men arbetet är främst en litteraturstudie. Alunskiffer har en varierande sammansättning av organiskt material, kalkrika mineraler och järnsulfider. Svällningen orsakas av oxidationen av järnsulfider vilket leder till bildning av gipskristaller. Omfattande krafter kan utvecklas i samband med svällningen vilket gör det till ett stort problem som kan orsaka deformationer av ovanliggande byggnader. Vårt förslag till hur svällskiffer kan identifieras är att utföra en övergripande kartläggning av alunskiffern i Östersund. Dess beskaffenhet bör undersökas kemiskt för att ta reda på halten svavelkis, magnetskis och andra mineral. Skifferns mekaniska egenskaper bör undersökas ytterligare. För att motverka svällningen föreslår vi att de metoder som tidigare prövats i Östersund och visat sig vara framgångsrika bör undersökas och utvecklas ytterligare. Inspiration kan också tas från gruvindustrin och hur de arbetar för att motverka surt avfall. De laborativa momenten visar att svällförloppet inte var tillräckligt snabbt för att ge ett resultat under testperioden på drygt två veckor. Smektittestet visar att det inte förekommer svällande lera, smektit, i borrkaxprovet från jord-bergsonderingen. / The purpose of the essay is to examine swelling alum shale in Östersund, what the state of the art concerning the cause of the swelling and how it may be identified and dealt with. Minor laboratory experiment is performed with test materials from soil-rock probing in Östersund, although the essay is mainly focused on studying literature. Alum shale has a varied composition of organic matter, calcareous minerals and iron sulphides. The swelling is caused by oxidation of the iron sulphides which forms gypsum. The extensive forces associated with the swelling can inflict deformations in the overlying buildings and is a major issue in Östersund. Our suggestions for how to identify the swelling shale is to make an extensive survey of the Östersund area. The survey would locate the alum shale and take samples to determine the chemical composition of the shale. We also suggest further analysis of the mechanical properties of the shale. Our suggestions for how to deal with the swelling would be to further examine the methods that proved to be successful at earlier attempts in Östersund. Inspiration can also be found in the mining industry and how they deal with acid mine drainage. The smectite test show that there is no swelling clay, also known as smectite, present in the drill cutting sample from the soil-rock probing. The swelling test show no signs of swelling caused by pyrite oxidation and the development of gypsum, during the test period of around two weeks.
133

Determinacao das caracteristicas de intumescimento de adjuvantes

Lima Neto, Severino Antonio de January 1996 (has links)
O intumescimento é um dos fatores decisivos que influenciam o comportamento de desintegração de formas farmac6uticas compactadas e, consequentemente, o perfil biofarmacêutico de substancias ativas. Entre os diversos adjuvantes empregados para promover a desagregação daquelas formas farmac6uticas nas suas partículas primarias originais, são utilizadas varias substancias, abrangidas pelo conceito de desintegrantes intumescedores. A escolha do adjuvante mais adequado nestes casos pode ser vista como uma atividade que exige o gasto considerável de tempo e de custos elevados. Além disto deve ser levada em consideração a existência de vários produtos similares no mercado. A questão da equival6ncia representa portanto um desafio importante na fase de formulação. Com o objetivo de aumentar os conhecimentos nesta área, foi desenvolvido equipamento para a avaliação dinâmica do intumescimento de pês. Inicialmente foram considerados fatores de construção do aparelho, tais como a porosidade, espessura e área do filtro de vidro sintetizado. Foram tamb6m avaliadas variações metodológicas, entre as quais a temperatura de realização do teste e o meio liquido empregado. Croscarmelose, um superdesintegrante, foi utilizada como adjuvante-modelo no teste do equipamento. A alteração do meio liquido de ensaio foi o fator que causou a maior influ6ncia sobre os resultados, embora a espessura dos filtros de vidro sintetizado tenha causado alguma alteração quer no tempo como no volume final de intumescimento. intumescimento. Já a mudança de temperatura não provocou diferenças significativas nas observações. Numa segunda fase foi investigada a influência deste desintegrante sobre as características de intumescimento de quatro celuloses microcristalinas (CMCr) isoladas ou adicionadas com um lubrificante. Para tanto elaborou-se um planejamento fatorial 4 X 2 X 2. A presença do desintegrante, como esperado, provocou aumento do volume final de intumescimento das CMCr, que apresentaram, no entanto, comportamentos diferenciados frente ao adjuvante. Já a presença do lubrificante conduziu a resultados totalmente dependentes do tipo de CMCr testada. A análise comparativa entre estes produtos demonstrou que somente num caso houve simitaridade de comportamento. / Swelling is one of the decisive factors influencing the disintegrant behavior of compacted pharmaceutical dosage forms and consequently the biopharmaceutical profile of drug substances. Among the various excipients used to promote the disintegration of such dosage forms in its originally primary particles, several substances, classified as swelling disintegrants, are employed. The choice of the most appropriate excipient in this case can be a time and cost consuming enterprise. Additionally it must be considered that the same substance can be delivered in the market by different producers. The question of equivalence represents also an important challenge in the formulation phase. In order to provide more knowledge in this area an apparatus to analyze the dynamic swelling of powder admixtures was developed. Construction factors such as filter porosity, thickness and area were considered. Methodological variants including essay temperature and liquid medium were also evaluated. Croscarmelose, a superdisintegrant, was used as model excipient to test the self built equipment. The change of the test fluid was the determinant factor on the results, although the thickness of the sintered glass filter showed some influence on both swelling volume and swelling time of this adjuvant. As a second step, the influence of this disintegrant on the swelling behavior of four microcrystalline celluloses (MCC) alone or added with a lubricant were investigated by using a 4 X 2 X 2 factorial design. The presence of the disintegrant was able to increase the swelling volume. Both final swelling volume and time were dependent of the MCC type. The lubricant showed different influences on the four tested MCC. A comparative study demonstrated that only in one case these products presented similarly swelling behavior.
134

Influence du taux de pigment sur la dégradation de revêtements polymères anticorrosion sous contraintes environnementales couplées / Influence of pigment rate on degradation of anticorrosion polymer coatings under ageing factors

Vosgien Lacombre, Coralie 15 February 2017 (has links)
Cette étude se focalise sur l’influence du dioxyde de titane sur le comportement d’une résine polymère époxy modèle. Les systèmes considérés sont des composites constitués d’un pigment, le dioxyde de titane TiO2 à des taux massiques de 10% et 20%, et de résine DGEBA-DAMP. Tout d’abord, les propriétés mécaniques et thermiques de films libres complètement réticulés sont mesurées par DSC et DMA. Les résultats des composites sont comparés à ceux de la résine pure pour mieux comprendre l’impact du TiO2. Les films libres de composites sont ensuite immergés dans de l’eau pure à différentes températures (30, 40, 50 et 60 °C) pour étudier la prise en eau et les coefficients de diffusion par gravimétrie. L’évolution des propriétés de nos systèmes est aussi étudiée pour avoir accès à l’influence de l’eau sur leur comportement. Dans un second temps, les composites sont réticulés sur des plaques d’acier et certaines sont soumises à des contraintes mécaniques externes. Ces revêtements sont alors plongés dans une solution saline et l’absorption d’eau est suivie par SIE. Une dernière étape de ce travail consiste à suivre le gonflement des revêtements composites par SECM. Finalement, la comparaison des résultats de la résine pure et des composites obtenus pour les films libres et les revêtements permet de mettre en avant l’impact du TiO2 sur la durabilité de ces systèmes, essentiellement dû au développement de contraintes internes. / This study focuses on the influence of titanium dioxide on the behavior of a model epoxy polymer resin. The considered systems are composites which contain titanium dioxide TiO2 as pigment and DGEBA-DAMP as epoxy resin. The studied amounts of titanium dioxide are 10 wt.% and 20 wt.%. Firstly, mechanical and thermal properties of totally cured free films are studied by DSC and DMA. The results of the composites are compared to those of the resin alone to better understand the impact of the titanium dioxide. Then, composite free films are immersed in pure water at different temperatures (30, 40, 50 and 60 °C) to investigate water uptake and diffusion coefficients by gravimetry. At each step of ageing, measurements of the properties are carried out to show the influence of water on our systems behaviors. Then, composites of epoxy resin and pigment are applied on steel panels and some samples are submitted to external mechanical stresses. These coatings are submitted to an environment of NaCl 3 wt.% saline solution and water uptake is followed by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). Swelling of composites coatings is followed by SECM in a last step of this work. Finally, a comparison of the results of pure resin and of composite gives access to the impact of titanium dioxide on the durability of these systems. It is mainly due to the presence of internal stresses.
135

Makromolekulární hydrogely: heterogenní struktura a deformačn chování / Polymer hydrogels: heterogeneous structure and deformation behaviour

Karpushkin, Evgenyi January 2013 (has links)
Title: Polymer hydrogels: heterogeneous structure and deformation behavior Author: Evgeny Karpushkin Department: Department of Macromolecular Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague Supervisor: Miroslava Dušková-Smrčková Ing. Dr., Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry AS CR, Heyrovského náměstí 2, 162 06 Prague 6 Abstract: Model series of crosslinked poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) hydrogels differing in morphology were prepared by polymerization-induced phase separation. Morphology, swelling and dynamic mechanical properties in broad frequency range of the model gels were tested. The vitrification of gels was found sensitive to microstructure of polymer network and to solvent content and to polymer-solvent interaction, but not to the macroscopic morphology of the gel. The low-frequency mechanical response was found sensitive to both polymer network properties and hydrogel morphology. Lightly crosslinked hydrogels showed relatively high mechanical losses in the rubbery plateau region, due to physical association of chains. Fused-particles type hydrogels revealed a weak secondary relaxation at low frequency, ascribed to motion of the dangling particles aggregates. These aggregates, elastically inactive, along with inhomogeneous stress field arisen in porous material, were...
136

Validation and applications of the material point method

Tabatabaeian Nimavardi, Ali January 2017 (has links)
The Material Point Method (MPM) is a modern finite element method that is classified as a point based method or meshless method, while it takes the advantage of two kinds of spatial discretisation that are based on an arbitrary Eulerian-Lagrangian description of motion. The referenced continuum is represented by the material points, and the motions are tracked through a computational background mesh, that is an arbitrary constant mesh which does not move the material. Hence, in the MPM mesh distortion especially in the large deformation analysis is naturally avoided. However, MPM has been employed to simulate difficult problems in the literature, many are still unsatisfactory due to the lack of rigorous validation. Therefore, this thesis firstly provides a series of simple case studies which any numerical method must pass to test the validity of the MPM, and secondly demonstrate the capability of the MPM in simulating difficult problems such as degradation of highly swellable polymers during large swelling that is currently difficult to handle by the standard finite element method. Flory’s theory is incorporated into the material point method to study large swelling of polymers, and degradation of highly swellable polymers is modelled by the MPM as a random phenomenon based on the normal distribution of the volumetric strain. These numerical developments represent adaptability of the MPM and enabling the method to be used in more complicated simulations. Furthermore, the advantages of this powerful numerical tool are studied in the modelling of an additive manufacturing technology called Selective Laser Melting (SLM). It is shown the MPM is an ideal numerical method to study SLM manufacturing technique. The focus of this thesis is to validate the MPM and exhibit the simplicity, strength, and accuracy of this numerical tool compared with standard finite element method for very complex problems which requires a complicated topological system.
137

Determinacao das caracteristicas de intumescimento de adjuvantes

Lima Neto, Severino Antonio de January 1996 (has links)
O intumescimento é um dos fatores decisivos que influenciam o comportamento de desintegração de formas farmac6uticas compactadas e, consequentemente, o perfil biofarmacêutico de substancias ativas. Entre os diversos adjuvantes empregados para promover a desagregação daquelas formas farmac6uticas nas suas partículas primarias originais, são utilizadas varias substancias, abrangidas pelo conceito de desintegrantes intumescedores. A escolha do adjuvante mais adequado nestes casos pode ser vista como uma atividade que exige o gasto considerável de tempo e de custos elevados. Além disto deve ser levada em consideração a existência de vários produtos similares no mercado. A questão da equival6ncia representa portanto um desafio importante na fase de formulação. Com o objetivo de aumentar os conhecimentos nesta área, foi desenvolvido equipamento para a avaliação dinâmica do intumescimento de pês. Inicialmente foram considerados fatores de construção do aparelho, tais como a porosidade, espessura e área do filtro de vidro sintetizado. Foram tamb6m avaliadas variações metodológicas, entre as quais a temperatura de realização do teste e o meio liquido empregado. Croscarmelose, um superdesintegrante, foi utilizada como adjuvante-modelo no teste do equipamento. A alteração do meio liquido de ensaio foi o fator que causou a maior influ6ncia sobre os resultados, embora a espessura dos filtros de vidro sintetizado tenha causado alguma alteração quer no tempo como no volume final de intumescimento. intumescimento. Já a mudança de temperatura não provocou diferenças significativas nas observações. Numa segunda fase foi investigada a influência deste desintegrante sobre as características de intumescimento de quatro celuloses microcristalinas (CMCr) isoladas ou adicionadas com um lubrificante. Para tanto elaborou-se um planejamento fatorial 4 X 2 X 2. A presença do desintegrante, como esperado, provocou aumento do volume final de intumescimento das CMCr, que apresentaram, no entanto, comportamentos diferenciados frente ao adjuvante. Já a presença do lubrificante conduziu a resultados totalmente dependentes do tipo de CMCr testada. A análise comparativa entre estes produtos demonstrou que somente num caso houve simitaridade de comportamento. / Swelling is one of the decisive factors influencing the disintegrant behavior of compacted pharmaceutical dosage forms and consequently the biopharmaceutical profile of drug substances. Among the various excipients used to promote the disintegration of such dosage forms in its originally primary particles, several substances, classified as swelling disintegrants, are employed. The choice of the most appropriate excipient in this case can be a time and cost consuming enterprise. Additionally it must be considered that the same substance can be delivered in the market by different producers. The question of equivalence represents also an important challenge in the formulation phase. In order to provide more knowledge in this area an apparatus to analyze the dynamic swelling of powder admixtures was developed. Construction factors such as filter porosity, thickness and area were considered. Methodological variants including essay temperature and liquid medium were also evaluated. Croscarmelose, a superdisintegrant, was used as model excipient to test the self built equipment. The change of the test fluid was the determinant factor on the results, although the thickness of the sintered glass filter showed some influence on both swelling volume and swelling time of this adjuvant. As a second step, the influence of this disintegrant on the swelling behavior of four microcrystalline celluloses (MCC) alone or added with a lubricant were investigated by using a 4 X 2 X 2 factorial design. The presence of the disintegrant was able to increase the swelling volume. Both final swelling volume and time were dependent of the MCC type. The lubricant showed different influences on the four tested MCC. A comparative study demonstrated that only in one case these products presented similarly swelling behavior.
138

Efeito da estimulação elétrica de alta voltagem no processo inflamatório

Ortiz, Maria Cristina Sandoval 16 April 2009 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:18:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2334.pdf: 2125906 bytes, checksum: c4e6c6beeb6952220467b64ed76dc7d0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-04-16 / Inflammation is the response of protection of the body to an aggression in order to obtain the healing. This process makes part of many diseases attended by physical therapist, however when it is increased, limits the fast recovery of the patient. High voltage pulsed current (HVPC) is one of the modalities used to interview of inflammatory process; the type of stimulation is considered monophasic pulsed that produces a high-driving voltage 150 V, but the total current (average) delivered to the tissue per second does not exceed 1.2 to 1.5mA. There are many studies that evaluate the effect of HVPC in swelling, but the major part was made in animal models and only one in human beings was found in the review of the literature. The results of the studies in animals had showed the effectiveness of HVPC in reduction of edema, but the study in human only showed clinical differences not statistically significant. Additionally, the action mechanism of HVPC is unknown and some hypotheses have been proposed for explaining its effect. The objective of this study was evaluate the effectiveness of HVPC in the inflammation process, both in humans and animals in a submotor level, 100pps of frequency and 45min of treatment. We made a controlled and randomized clinical trial in subjects with lateral sprain of ankle measuring pain, edema, range of mobility and some parameters of the gait comparing three groups: control group (CG) with standard physical therapy, HVPC(-) with standard physical therapy plus HVPC negative polarity and HVPC(+) with standard physical therapy plus HVPC positive polarity. There was not difference between the study groups, but the clinical results suggested that HVPC(-) could contribute to accelerate the recovery of inflammatory process. Second, an experimental study was done in animals evaluating pain, edema, serum histamine and albumin and the cartilage, comparing a control group, a inflammation group with HVPC(-), a inflammation group with HVPC placebo and the last group only with HVPC(-). We did not find differences between the groups in the variables, only observed the lowest cellularity in the cartilage of inflammation group+HVPC(-) and lowest optical density in inflammation group+HVPC placebo. These results are a contribution for the understanding of the biophysical agent used in the physical therapy, however is necessary more clinical studies including higher sample size, in order to demonstrate the effects of HVPC on the inflammation process. / A inflamação é uma resposta de proteção para livrar o organismo da causa da agressão e de suas conseqüências, para poder alcançar a reparação. Este processo apresenta-se em muitas das enfermidades atendidas pelos fisioterapeutas, mas às vezes sua exacerbação pode limitar a recuperação do sujeito. Uma das formas de tratamento do processo inflamatório é a estimulação elétrica de alta voltagem (EEAV). Este tipo de estimulação é caracterizada por um pulso monofásico pico duplo que gera voltagens superiores a 150V, mas com uma corrente total (média) liberada ao tecido que não excede 1,2 a 1,5mA. Vários estudos foram feitos para avaliar o efeito da EEAV no edema, mas a maioria deles foram realizados em modelos animais, sendo encontrado apenas um estudo em humanos na literatura. Os resultados dos trabalhos em animais têm mostrado a efetividade da EEAV na diminuição do edema contrastando com o estudo em humanos, o qual somente mostrou diferenças clinicas, mas não estatísticas. Adicionalmente, ainda não se conhece o mecanismo de ação da EEAV e têm sido propostas varias hipóteses para explicar este efeito. O objetivo do estudo foi determinar a efetividade da EEAV na inflamação em animais e em humanos utilizando um nível de amplitude submotor, freqüência de 100pps e 45min de tratamento. Foi feito um ensaio clínico controlado e aleatorizado em sujeitos com entorse lateral de tornozelo mensurando dor, edema, arco de mobilidade e alguns parâmetros da marcha, comparando três grupos: grupo controle (GC) com fisioterapia convencional; grupo com fisioterapia convencional mais EEAV polaridade negativa e o último grupo com fisioterapia convencional mais EEAV polaridade positiva. Não foram encontradas diferenças estatísticas entre os grupos de estudo, somente diferenças em aspectos clínicos sugerindo uma possível contribuição da EEVA com polaridade negativa na resolução do processo inflamatório. Em uma segunda etapa foi feito um estudo experimental em animais avaliando dor, edema, histamina e albumina séricas e a cartilagem. Os grupos foram: um grupo controle, um inflamado e tratado com EEAV(-), um inflamado e que recebeu EEAV placebo e mais um grupo somente tratado com EEAV(-). Não foram encontradas diferenças entre os grupos nas variáveis mensuradas, mas observou-se menor celularidade na cartilagem dos animais inflamados+EEAV(-) e menor densidade óptica no grupo inflamado+EEVA placebo. Estes resultados são uma contribuição para a validação de um agente biofísico utilizado na fisioterapia, mas precisa-se realizar mais estudos clínicos com amostras maiores para conhecer os reais efeitos da EEAV no processo inflamatório.
139

Síntese e caracterização de novos bionanocompósitos híbridos constituídos por polissacarídeo carboximetilcelulose e nanoargila com possível aplicação para remoção ou liberação controlada de defensivo agrícola paraquat / Synthesis and characterization of new hybrid bionanocomposites composed of carboxymethylcellulose polysaccharide and nanoclay with possible application for removal or controlled release of paraquat pesticide

Garcia, João Antonio Farinelli 27 April 2018 (has links)
Submitted by JOÃO ANTONIO FARINELLI GARCIA (farinelligarcia@hotmail.com) on 2018-06-11T13:28:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - João Antonio Farinelli Garcia.pdf: 4749849 bytes, checksum: d11924d30ad7b0fdf1f021fe7bc5cbf9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Cristina Alexandra de Godoy null (cristina@adm.feis.unesp.br) on 2018-06-14T23:47:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 garcia_jaf_me_ilha.pdf: 4616181 bytes, checksum: 3df8dbb185ed2224d9fa39c2985a23d5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-14T23:47:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 garcia_jaf_me_ilha.pdf: 4616181 bytes, checksum: 3df8dbb185ed2224d9fa39c2985a23d5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-27 / O objetivo do trabalho foi realizar a síntese dos bionanocompósitos constituídos de carboximetilcelulose (CMC), poliacrilamida (PAAm) e diferentes concentrações de nanoargila laponita RDS (0 % referência, 1 %, 2%, 4% e 5 %), com possibilidades de aplicação em sistemas de remoção/liberação controlada de pesticida paraquat. Foi possível confirmar a formação dos bionanocompósitos constituídos de CMC/PAAm/nanoargila utilizando as técnicas de espectroscopia de absorção no infravermelho (FTIR) e microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). A disposição das plaquetas de nanoargila na matriz polimérica foi avaliada pela técnica de difração de raios-X (DRX), em que resultou na possibilidade das plaquetas estarem intercaladas, além de possivelmente estarem esfoliadas. O comportamento térmico dos hidrogéis foi avaliado pelas análises termogravimétrica (TG) e calorimetria exploratória diferencial (DSC). Os bionanocompósitos se mostraram estáveis termicamente até aproximadamente 200 °C. Foi realizada a caracterização dos bionanocompósitos, determinando o grau de intumescimento (Q) em água destilada, diferentes soluções salinas (NaCl, CaCl2 e AlCl3) e soluções com diversos pH (1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8 e 10). Observou-se uma redução nos valores de Q em baixas concentrações de nanoargila para água destilada (Q0% = 33,7 g/g para Q2% = 23,8 g/g), seguida de um acréscimo com o aumento do teor de nanoargila (Q4% = 28,4 g/g e Q5% = 33,01 g/g) em relação aos hidrogéis com 1 e 2 % de nanoargila. Foi também constatada forte influência (redução) nos valores de Q em soluções salinas, com valores aproximados de Q = 17, 16 e 8 g/g para NaCl, CaCl2 e AlCl3, respectivamente. Em soluções com pH baixo (1 e 2), os valores de Q foram aproximadamente 13-14 g/g, seguidos de um aumento para pH mais alto (4-10), com valores aproximados de 17-18 g/g. Ainda, foram determinados os parâmetros cinéticos n e k, constatando influência significativa nos valores dos parâmetros em diferentes meios de intumescimento. Porém, não foram observadas variações significativas nos valores de n e k em relação às diferentes concentrações de laponita RDS. Foram realizados estudos de adsorção e liberação do pesticida paraquat em água destilada e soluções com pH igual a 4, 7 e 10, nos quais resultaram em uma boa possiblidade de aplicação dos bionanocompósitos em sistemas de remoção/liberação controlada. / The objective of this research was to study the bionanocomposites synthesis constituted of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), polyacrylamide (PAAm) and different contents of nanoclay laponite RDS (0% as reference, 1%, 2%, 4% and 5%), with possibility application in systems of removal/release paraquat pesticide. The confirmation of bionanocomposites formation constituted of CMC/PAAm/nanoclay was verified by the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (MEV) techniques. It was possible to evaluate the platelets configuration of nanoclay in the polymeric matrix by X-ray diffraction (DRX), which resulted in the possibility of platelets be intercalated, and possibly exfoliated. The thermal stability of the hydrogels was investigated by analysis thermogravimetric (TG) and differential exploratory calorimetry (DSC). The results confirmed that the bionanocomposites are thermal stability until amount 200 °C. It was also realized the characterization of bionanocomposites, obtaining the swelling degree (Q) in distilled water, different saline solutions (NaCl, CaCl2 and AlCl3) and solutions with various values of pH (1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8 and 10). It was observed a reduction in values of Q in low concentration of nanoclay to distilled water (Q0% = 33.7 g/g to Q2% = 23.8 g/g), followed of increase with additions of nanoclay content (Q4 = 28.4 g/g and Q5% = 33.0 g/g). It was also verified strong influence (reduction) in the values of Q in solutions saline which approximated values of Q = 17, 16 and 8 g/g to NaCl, CaCl2 and AlCl3, respectivelly. In solutions with low pH (1 and 2) the swelling degree was approximated 13-14 g/g that showed an increase to high pH (4-10) with approximated values of 17-18 g/g. It was determined the n and k kinetic parameters, stating the significant influence when the parameters are analyzed in different swelling solutions. However, it was not observed variations in the values of kinetic parameters when the laponite RDS was changed. Adsorption and release studies of the paraquat pesticide in distilled water and solutions with pH of 4, 7 and 10 were realized, which resulted in a good possibility of application of the bionanocomposites in controlled removal/release systems. / 1585978
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Estudo da interacao quimica do poli(dimetilsiloxano-g-oxido de etileno) na membrana de poli(N-vinil-2-pirrolidona) e agar induzida com radiacao ionizante

BAZZI, AUREA de S. 09 October 2014 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:43:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:09:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 06632.pdf: 4097419 bytes, checksum: 1cde4c2787112f93fcca894974c568fd (MD5) / Tese (Doutoramento) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

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