Le but de cette thèse est de tenté de donner une meilleure compréhension des nouveaux paradigmes de l'informatique en Nuage. En ce qui concerne l'Ingénierie du Trafic, l'économie d'énergie, de l'équité dans le partage du débit.Dans la première partie de note thèse, nous étudions l'impact de ces nouvelles techniques dans les réseaux de Data Center, nous avons formulé notre problème en un modèle d'optimisation, et nous le résolvons en utilisons un algorithme glouton. Nous avons étudié l'impact des ponts virtuels et du multi chemin sur différentes architectures de Data Centers. Nous avons en particulier étudié l’impact de la virtualisation des switches et l’utilisation du multi-chemin sur les différents objectifs d'optimisation tels que l'Ingénierie du Trafic, l'économie d'énergie.Dans notre seconde partie, nous avons essayé d’avoir une meilleure compréhension de l'impact des nouvelles architectures sur le contrôle de congestion, et vice versa. En effet, l'une des préoccupations majeures du contrôle de congestion est l'équité en terme de débit, l'impact apporté par le multi-chemin, les nouvelles architectures Data Center et les nouveaux protocoles, sur le débit des points terminaux et des points d'agrégations reste vague.Enfin, dans la troisième partie nous avons fait un travail préliminaire sur le nouveau paradigme introduit par la possibilité de virtualisé les Fonctions Réseaux. Dans cette partie, nous avons formulé le problème en un modèle linéaire, dans le but est de trouver le meilleur itinéraire à travers le réseau où les demandes des clients doivent passer par un certain nombre de NFV. / This dissertation tries to give a deep understanding of the impact of the new Cloud paradigms regarding to the Traffic Engineering goal, to the Energy Efficiency goal, to the fairness in the endpoints offered throughput, and of the new opportunities given by virtualized network functions.In the first part of our dissertation we investigate the impact of these novel features in Data Center Network optimization, providing a formal comprehensive mathematical formulation on virtual machine placement and a metaheuristic for its resolution. We show in particular how virtual bridging and multipath forwarding impact common DCN optimization goals, Traffic Engineering and Energy Efficiency, assess their utility in the various cases in four different DCN topologies.In the second part of the dissertation our interest move into better understand the impact of novel attened and modular DCN architectures on congestion control protocols, and vice-versa. In fact, one of the major concerns in congestion control being the fairness in the offered throughput, the impact of the additional path diversity, brought by the novel DCN architectures and protocols, on the throughput of individual endpoints and aggregation points is unclear.Finally, in the third part we did a preliminary work on the new Network Function Virtualization paradigm. In this part we provide a linear programming formulation of the problem based on virtual network function chain routing problem in a carrier network. The goal of our formulation is to find the best route in a carrier network where customer demands have to pass through a number of NFV node, taking into consideration the unique constraints set by NFV.

Le but de cette proposition est d'explorer un nouveau concept de matériaux moléculaires sensibles à l'oxydoréduction. Les architectures commutables électron-sensibles ont longtemps été reconnues comme le choix le plus simple et le plus viable pour produire des dispositifs pratiques, mais la conception efficace de tels systèmes à l'échelle moléculaire reste un défi. L'approche développée dans ce projet repose sur la production électrochimiquement déclenchée de radicaux pi à partir de dérivés de viologène, l'objectif étant d'induire la formation d'une liaison non-covalente et réversible entre ces radicaux pi pour contrôler la conformation des échafaudages supramoléculaires. Les nanomatériaux comprendront des fils moléculaires provenant de polymères de coordination et des fils moléculaires produits par des interactions π le long de l'axe du fil, mis en œuvre par des interactions faibles périphériques telles que l'agrégation des chaînes latérales lipophiles ou la liaison H. Les efforts initiaux se concentreront sur l'optimisation de la formation de π-dimères et de pimer, avec ou sans assistance d'interactions secondaires. Après avoir déterminé les paramètres qui produisent l'auto-assemblage dirigé π le plus efficace, des motifs basés sur les viologènes appropriés seront introduits dans des blocs de construction plus sophistiqués. Tout au long de la synthèse des assemblages, la π-dimérisation utilisée comme force motrice principale pour l'auto-assemblage des nanomatériaux peut être consolidée par un blocage covalent des structures. En fin de compte, l'électrostimulation des systèmes π fournira des assemblages moléculaires dynamiques dans lesquels la morphologie sera sensible aux stimuli redox. / The aim of this proposal is to explore a new concept of redox-responsive molecular materials. Electron-responsive switchable architectures have long been recognized as the most straightforward and viable choice to produce practical devices but efficiently designing such systems on the molecular scale still remains a challenge. The approach developed in this project relies on the electrochemically triggered production of pi-radicals from viologen derivatives, the objective being to induce the formation of non-covalent and reversible binding between these pi-radicals to control the conformation of supramolecular scaffolds. The nanomaterials will comprise molecular wires arising from coordination polymers and molecular wires produced by π-interactions along the wire's axis implemented by peripheral weak interactions such as lipophilic side chain aggregation or H-bonding. The initial efforts will focus on the optimization of π-dimer and pimer formation, with or without assistance of secondary interactions. After determining the parameters that yield the most efficient π directed self-assembly, suitable viologen based motifs will be introduced in more sophisticated building blocks. Throughout the synthesis of the assemblies, π-dimerization that is used as the primary driving force for the self-assembly of nanomaterials may be consolidated by covalent locking of the structures. In the end, the electro-stimulation of π systems will provide dynamic molecular assemblies in which the morphology will be responsive to redox stimuli.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第19228号 / 医博第4027号 / 新制||医||1011(附属図書館) / 32227 / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 武田 俊一, 教授 竹内 理, 教授 髙田 穣 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

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Gene trapping has emerged as a valuable tool to create conditional alleles in various model organisms. Here we report the FLEx‐based gene trap vector SAGFLEx that allows the generation of conditional mutations in zebrafish by gene‐trap mutagenesis. The SAGFLEx gene‐trap cassette comprises the rabbit β‐globin splice acceptor and the coding sequence of GFP, flanked by pairs of inversely oriented heterotypic target sites for the site‐specific recombinases Cre and Flp. Insertion of the gene‐trap cassette into endogenous genes can result in conditional mutations that are stably inverted by Cre and Flp, respectively. To test the functionality of this system we performed a pilot screen and analyzed the insertion of the gene‐trap cassette into the lima1a gene locus. In this lima1a allele, GFP expression faithfully recapitulated the endogenous lima1a expression and resulted in a complete knockout of the gene in homozygosity. Application of either Cre or Flp was able to mediate the stable inversion of the gene trap cassette and showed the ability to conditionally rescue or reintroduce the gene inactivation. Combined with pharmacologically inducible site specific recombinases the SAGFLEx vector insertions will enable precise conditional knockout studies in a spatial‐ and temporal‐controlled manner.

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Cascaded H-bridge (CHB) multilevel inverters have significant popularity with motor drives applications due to their modularity, scalability, and reliability. Typical CHB inverters employ diode rectifiers that allow unidirectional power flow from the grid to the load. To capture and utilize the regenerated energy in regenerative applications, regenerative CHB drives were introduced with two-level voltage source converters in the front end to allow bidirectional energy flow. This solution is accompanied by challenges of high number of switches and control circuits, high switching power losses, and massive dimensions. Recently, developing more economic versions of regenerative cascaded H-bridge drives has become one of the hottest topics in power electronics research. In this thesis work, two solutions are proposed for more energy efficient and economic regenerative CHB drives. The first solution is a proposed power cell configuration that reduces the number of switches per cell by two. Additionally, phase alternation connection method and carrier phase-shifting techniques are introduced to address the challenges of the presented configuration. The switch-count reduction reduces the system’s complexity, switches’ cost, and footprint. The second proposed solution is a new controller to operate the front-end converters as fundamental frequency ends (FFEs). The proposed controller is employed in both the conventional regenerative cascaded H-bridge and the proposed reduced switch-count configuration. This solution minimizes the switching power losses, and results in more compact and economic design, with higher DC-link utilization. Theoretical analysis and simulation studies of both proposed solutions show promising performance and capability to be applied as energy-efficient and cost effective regenerative CHB motor drives. Experimental validation of the proposed reduced switch-count configuration is presented for STATCOM operation of a scaled-down 7-Level regenerative CHB drive system. The future work of this thesis includes experimental validation of the proposed FFE controller, and operation of the system with regenerative motor load. / Thesis / Master of Applied Science (MASc)

Automated solutions such as robotic vacuum cleaners and smart lighting are gaining popularity, both in the home as well as in public environments. The purpose of this project is to investigate the possibility of using a microcontroller to, in a user-friendly way, control a blind and to implement a sound sensor to activate the mechanism. A stepper motor was used to drive the blind and control its position. The prototype was programmed to recognize a sequence of two claps within a specific time interval. To make the prototype more user-friendly a UI was implemented with an LCD-display and mechanical buttons. A menu was designed where the user would be able to change settings such as the sound level threshold and motor speed as well as calibrate the position of the blind. The performance of the prototype was evaluated by testing the audio recognition by attempted activation in a quiet environment and by recording accidental activations in a loud environment. The conclusions drawn from these test were that the sound recognition was implemented and operated with a success rate of up to 73 %, but that it also triggered relatively easily by extraneous sound sources. Future improvements to this problem could include implementation of a band pass filter to further optimize the sound recognition to the desired audio cue. / Automatiserade lösningar som robotdammsugare och smart belysning blir allt mer populärt, både i hemmet och i offentliga miljöer. Syftet med detta projekt är att undersöka möjligheten att använda en mikrokontroller för att på ett användarvänligt sätt styra en rullgardin och implementera en ljudsensor för att aktivera mekanismen. En stegmotor användes för att driva rullgardinen och styra dess position. Mjukvaran formades för att känna igen en sekvens av två klappar inom ett visst tidsintervall. För att göra prototypen mer användarvänlig implementerades ett användargränssnitt med en LCD-skärm och mekaniska knappar. En meny utformades där inställningar som ljudnivåns tröskelvärde och motorvarvtal kunde ändras. Gardinens position kunde även kalibreras. Ljudigenkänningen utvärderades genom att testa aktivering i en tyst miljö och genom att registrera oavsiktliga aktiveringar i en högljudd miljö. Slutsatserna från dessa test var att ljudigenkänningen implementerades och fungerade konsistent vid upp till 73 % av aktiveringsförsöken, men att den också utlöstes relativt enkelt av yttre ljudkällor. Eventuella förbättringar av detta problem kan innefatta implementation av ett bandpassfilter för att ytterligare optimera ljudigenkänningen.