A correlation coefficient of -O.2832 was found between syllabic intensity of words and the number of strokes typewritten in a given period. The writer's Null Hypothesis that, "There is no correlation between syllabic intensity of words and the difficulty of typewriting material" was rejected on the 0.1% level. The correlation, however, is high enough only to conclude that syllabic intensity of words is a difficulty factor in typewriting connected paragraph matter. The degree to which this factor affects typewritability is not clearly distinguishable from other factors. / Master of Science

There is a correlation coefficient of 0.237 between per cent of frequently-used words and the amount of copy produced on a typewriter in a given period. / Master of Science

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1990. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 274-277) / Microfiche. / xii, 277 leaves, bound ill. 29 cm

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-02-20Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:40:26Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 somenzari_t_me_arafcl.pdf: 849739 bytes, checksum: 7571209995f59d8f387a3c822eb1c9a5 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A presente Dissertação tem como objetivo o estudo da possibilidade de geminação em Português Arcaico, no período conhecido como trovadoresco, de dois pontos de vista: a partir da determinação do status de grafias duplas de consoantes e vogais e a partir da análise de casos específicos de grafias simples que podem representar sons complexos (no nível fonológico). Como corpus, são consideradas 114 cantigas de amigo e de amor, extraídas de quatro fontes diferentes: Cancioneiro da Ajuda, Cancioneiro da Biblioteca Nacional de Lisboa, Pergaminho Vindel e Pergaminho Sharrer. Realizou-se, primeiramente, uma investigação a respeito das relações entre letras e sons, na escrita do Português Arcaico, a partir do estabelecimento de contextos de ocorrência e variações de escrita possíveis para uma mesma palavra, ou palavras que contenham contextos de ocorrências semelhantes para um dado valor consonantal e vocálico. Em um segundo momento, os dados obtidos foram interpretados dentro da perspectiva dos modelos de Fonologia Não-Linear a respeito da sílaba, tendo em vista, principalmente, a hierarquia de constituintes proposta pelo modelo métrico (SELKIRK, 1980; HOGG; MCCULLY, 1987; HAYES, 1995; CAGLIARI, 1997; MASSINI-CAGLIARI, 1999a). Foram mapeados todos os casos de consoantes e vogais duplas na escrita e também os casos de escritas de vogais simples, mas que podem ter status de geminadas, interpretando-os, no nível fonológico. Foi feito um levantamento dos casos de sândi de vogais idênticas e dos verbos nos pretéritos perfeito e imperfeito do indicativo que apresentam vogais suspeitas, por razões dos processos flexionais dos verbos e interpretamos fonologicamente todos os casos quanto ao seu status... / This Dissertation aims to study the possibility of gemination in Medieval Portuguese, in trovadoresco period (XIIIth - XIVth centuries), from two different viewpoints: the determination of the phonological status of double spelling consonants and vowels; and the analysis of specific cases of simple spelling vowels that could possibly represent complex sounds in phonological level. The corpus is composed by 114 secular cantigas, from four different sources: Cancioneiro da Ajuda, Cancioneiro da Biblioteca Nacional de Lisboa, Pergaminho Vindel and Pergaminho Sharrer. Firstly, the relations between letters and sounds in Medieval Portuguese writing system were investigated, aiming to determinate the contexts of occurrence and possible variations for the same word representation - or words that contain similar occurrences for consonantal and vocalic values. The data was interpreted from Non-Linear Phonology approach, chiefly those theories concerning the hierarchical structure of the syllable (SELKIRK, 1980; HOGG; MCCULLY, 1987; HAYES, 1995; CAGLIARI, 1997; MASSINI-CAGLIARI, 1999). All the cases of double consonants and vowels in the cantigas writing system were mapped, as well as all the cases of simple vowels that possibly represent complex sounds in phonological level. The cases of external vocalic sandhi of identical vowels and inflexion of verbs in indicative past perfect and past imperfect tenses were also taken into consideration. The analysis shows that gemination in Medieval Portuguese exists, although quantitative distinctions (long vs. short segments) have been lost, from Latin do Portuguese...(Complete abstract, acess undermentioned eletronic address)

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Thesis (M.Sc.)--Universiteit van Suid-Afrika, 2002.

by Yam Pui Suen, Josephine. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 96-102). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Acknowledgement --- p.iii / Abstract --- p.iv / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Second language phonological acquisition --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- The application of Optimality Theory --- p.3 / Chapter 1.3 --- Objectives --- p.5 / Chapter 1.4 --- Research issues --- p.7 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Second Language Acquisition --- p.9 / Chapter 2.1 --- Interlanguage --- p.9 / Chapter 2.2 --- Studies in second language acquisition: language transfer and developmental factors --- p.10 / Chapter 2.3 --- Studies on the effects of language transfer on second language phonology --- p.12 / Chapter 2.4 --- Studies on the effects of developmental factors on second language phonology --- p.14 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Markedness Differential Hypothesis --- p.15 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Marked Cluster Constraints --- p.15 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- Interlanguage Structure Conformity Hypothesis --- p.17 / Chapter 2.5 --- The Critical Period Hypothesis --- p.19 / Chapter 2.6 --- The age factor in first language acquisition --- p.21 / Chapter 2.7 --- The age factor in second language acquisition --- p.22 / Chapter 2.7.1 --- Supporting evidence in phonological research --- p.23 / Chapter 2.7.2 --- Counter evidence in phonological research --- p.24 / Chapter 2.7.3 --- Summary --- p.26 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- The Theoretical Framework of Optimality Theory --- p.28 / Chapter 3.1 --- Transformational Grammar and Optimality Theory --- p.28 / Chapter 3.2 --- Optimality Theory --- p.30 / Chapter 3.3 --- Constraints under Optimality Theory --- p.34 / Chapter 3.4 --- Optimality Theory and second language acquisition studies --- p.36 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- "The syllable structure of English, Mandarin and Cantonese" --- p.41 / Chapter 4.1 --- The syllable structure of English --- p.42 / Chapter 4.2 --- The syllable structure of Mandarin --- p.44 / Chapter 4.3 --- The syllable structure of Cantonese --- p.45 / Chapter 4.4 --- "Constraints in coda position of English, Mandarin and Cantonese" --- p.49 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Methodology and Findings --- p.51 / Chapter 5.1 --- Methodology --- p.51 / Chapter 5.1.1 --- The subjects --- p.51 / Chapter 5.1.2 --- Material for data collection --- p.54 / Chapter 5.1.3 --- Procedures --- p.56 / Chapter 5.2 --- Findings --- p.57 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Young Mandarin and Cantonese learners --- p.58 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Adult Mandarin and Cantonese learners --- p.66 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Summary of the Mandarin and Cantonese learners' production --- p.72 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- Discussion and Conclusion --- p.75 / Chapter 6.1 --- Constraint ranking --- p.76 / Chapter 6.2 --- Epenthesis and unreleased plosive: words with singleton coda --- p.79 / Chapter 6.3 --- Epenthesis and unreleased plosive: words with biliteral coda --- p.81 / Chapter 6.3.1 --- Nasal-Plosive' coda --- p.81 / Chapter 6.3.2 --- Plosive-plosive' coda --- p.83 / Chapter 6.4 --- Standard pronunciation --- p.89 / Chapter 6.5 --- The age factor --- p.91 / Chapter 6.6 --- Conclusion --- p.93 / Chapter 6.7 --- Future research --- p.95 / References --- p.96 / Appendix

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