A produção orquestral de Villa-Lobos é indubitavelmente grandiosa e exuberante, confrontando a nós músicos, desafios de ordem técnica e interpretativa. Este trabalho discutirá sobre algumas das partes destinadas aos metais graves e suas possíveis soluções técnicas. Escolheram-se oito peças sinfônicas de palco na intenção de se tabular uma amostra razoável dessa faceta composicional de Villa-Lobos. As sugestões interpretativas serão embasadas em análises de autógrafos e suas edições, visualizadas por meio de trechos das partes orquestrais e corroboradas por uma revisão atualizada da literatura, propondo que se busque uma compreensão maior sobre as ferramentas expressivas oferecidas ao intérprete de metal grave, inserindo-o dentro da dialética villalobiana. / The orchestral production of Villa-Lobos is certainly grand and lush. It is confronting us musicians in a technical and interpretive challenges order. This doctoral essay will discuss some of the parts composed for low brass and their possible technical solutions. It was chose eight symphonic pieces in order to major measure a reasonable sample of the compositional facet of Villa-Lobos. Interpretation suggestions are based on solid analysis from autograph and their issues, visualized by means of excerpts from the orchestral and supported by an updated literature review parts, proposing to seek a greater understanding of the expressive tools offered to low brass musician and inserting them inside of the villalobiana´s dialectic.

The role of the first violinist in a professional symphony orchestra is rarely only to perform. The position of concertmaster, at the professional level, generally constitutes a wide range of responsibilities and activities, not necessarily restricted to the realm of music-making. The present research utilized interviews with five concertmasters of professional Brazilian symphony orchestras in order to respond to the following questions: What is the role of the professional concertmaster? What musical and educational experiences defined the paths of current professional concertmasters in Brazil? What is the scope of their responsibilities as concertmaster? Lastly, what are the expectations of these concertmasters for the future of their own careers, of their Orchestras and of professional Brazilian symphony orchestras in general? After a systematic categorization, twenty-eight professional Brazilian symphony orchestras were identified. The concertmasters of fifteen of these twenty-eight orchestras were contacted with an invitation to participate in a recorded interview. Ultimately, the invitation was accepted by two current and three former professional concertmasters. Analysis of the information gathered through the interviews was further expanded by an investigation into the careers of 16 additional professional concertmasters from various countries who were cited in the present research but not personally interviewed. Several trends were revealed within the life paths and professional perspectives of the concertmasters. Of the five concertmasters interviewed in Brazil, four received musical training outside of South America during their formative years. All five serve or served as music educators in addition to their orchestral work: three at the university level and two with younger students. Only one of the five interviewees passed through a strictly traditional audition process in order to assume the position of concertmaster. Of the 21 professional concertmasters about whom data was collected (including the five interviewees), at least sixteen held the position of concertmaster several times before assuming the role in a prominent orchestra. Five of the 21 concertmasters (including two of the five interviewees) eventually branched into the realm of symphonic conducting, while at least twelve of the 21 did not. Seventeen are or were employed as music professors at the university level. All 21 of the violinists cited within the present research performed solo and/or chamber music regularly throughout their orchestral careers. Ultimately, the interviewees emphasized the following four characteristics as the basic requirements of effective concertmastership at the professional level: (1) technical ability, (2) two-way respect of colleagues, (3) natural leadership/firmness, and (4) a supportive relationship with the conductor.

There are about 1500 wind bands in Taiwan, which are separated in primary, junior high, senior high school, universities and communities etc. In Taiwan, the population who learn the wind instrument are more than one hundred thousand population, however, there are only five professional orchestras, including National Symphony Orchestra, Taipei Symphony Orchestra, National Taiwan Symphony Orchestra, Kaohsiung City Symphony Orchestra and Evergreen Symphony Orchestra, and no a professional wind band. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to understanding the availability and possibility to fund a Professional Wind Band in Taiwan via evaluating the market of musical performing and the status of audience involvement. The study methods contain conducting interviewing the key person of the wind band and designing a survey with the factors of Human Resource, Financial Plan, and Operation Status.

The role of the first violinist in a professional symphony orchestra is rarely only to perform. The position of concertmaster, at the professional level, generally constitutes a wide range of responsibilities and activities, not necessarily restricted to the realm of music-making. The present research utilized interviews with five concertmasters of professional Brazilian symphony orchestras in order to respond to the following questions: What is the role of the professional concertmaster? What musical and educational experiences defined the paths of current professional concertmasters in Brazil? What is the scope of their responsibilities as concertmaster? Lastly, what are the expectations of these concertmasters for the future of their own careers, of their Orchestras and of professional Brazilian symphony orchestras in general? After a systematic categorization, twenty-eight professional Brazilian symphony orchestras were identified. The concertmasters of fifteen of these twenty-eight orchestras were contacted with an invitation to participate in a recorded interview. Ultimately, the invitation was accepted by two current and three former professional concertmasters. Analysis of the information gathered through the interviews was further expanded by an investigation into the careers of 16 additional professional concertmasters from various countries who were cited in the present research but not personally interviewed. Several trends were revealed within the life paths and professional perspectives of the concertmasters. Of the five concertmasters interviewed in Brazil, four received musical training outside of South America during their formative years. All five serve or served as music educators in addition to their orchestral work: three at the university level and two with younger students. Only one of the five interviewees passed through a strictly traditional audition process in order to assume the position of concertmaster. Of the 21 professional concertmasters about whom data was collected (including the five interviewees), at least sixteen held the position of concertmaster several times before assuming the role in a prominent orchestra. Five of the 21 concertmasters (including two of the five interviewees) eventually branched into the realm of symphonic conducting, while at least twelve of the 21 did not. Seventeen are or were employed as music professors at the university level. All 21 of the violinists cited within the present research performed solo and/or chamber music regularly throughout their orchestral careers. Ultimately, the interviewees emphasized the following four characteristics as the basic requirements of effective concertmastership at the professional level: (1) technical ability, (2) two-way respect of colleagues, (3) natural leadership/firmness, and (4) a supportive relationship with the conductor.

The role of the first violinist in a professional symphony orchestra is rarely only to perform. The position of concertmaster, at the professional level, generally constitutes a wide range of responsibilities and activities, not necessarily restricted to the realm of music-making. The present research utilized interviews with five concertmasters of professional Brazilian symphony orchestras in order to respond to the following questions: What is the role of the professional concertmaster? What musical and educational experiences defined the paths of current professional concertmasters in Brazil? What is the scope of their responsibilities as concertmaster? Lastly, what are the expectations of these concertmasters for the future of their own careers, of their Orchestras and of professional Brazilian symphony orchestras in general? After a systematic categorization, twenty-eight professional Brazilian symphony orchestras were identified. The concertmasters of fifteen of these twenty-eight orchestras were contacted with an invitation to participate in a recorded interview. Ultimately, the invitation was accepted by two current and three former professional concertmasters. Analysis of the information gathered through the interviews was further expanded by an investigation into the careers of 16 additional professional concertmasters from various countries who were cited in the present research but not personally interviewed. Several trends were revealed within the life paths and professional perspectives of the concertmasters. Of the five concertmasters interviewed in Brazil, four received musical training outside of South America during their formative years. All five serve or served as music educators in addition to their orchestral work: three at the university level and two with younger students. Only one of the five interviewees passed through a strictly traditional audition process in order to assume the position of concertmaster. Of the 21 professional concertmasters about whom data was collected (including the five interviewees), at least sixteen held the position of concertmaster several times before assuming the role in a prominent orchestra. Five of the 21 concertmasters (including two of the five interviewees) eventually branched into the realm of symphonic conducting, while at least twelve of the 21 did not. Seventeen are or were employed as music professors at the university level. All 21 of the violinists cited within the present research performed solo and/or chamber music regularly throughout their orchestral careers. Ultimately, the interviewees emphasized the following four characteristics as the basic requirements of effective concertmastership at the professional level: (1) technical ability, (2) two-way respect of colleagues, (3) natural leadership/firmness, and (4) a supportive relationship with the conductor.

Studiens syfte var att undersöka hur dirigenter för symfoniorkester och storband använder olika tecken i sin kommunikation samt att se om det fanns tydliga likheter och skillnader mellan de olika orkesterformerna. I studien har ett socialsemiotiskt och multimodalt perspektiv använts. Dirigenterna har analyserats utifrån bland annat vilka teckensystem de använder i sin kommunikation med musikerna. Videoobservation har använts som metod och materialet har tagits från siten www.youtube.com Urvalet har bestått i inspelningar av världskända professionella dirigenter som dirigerar professionella orkestrar, några av de bästa inom sitt fält. Resultatet påvisar att dirigenterna ofta använder många teckensystem simultant. Dirigenterna använder en del gemensamma tecken men även många personliga tecken för sin kommunikation. Det framkom vissa skillnader mellan genrerna men då resultaten även skiljde sig mellan dirigenterna inom samma genre krävs mer studier för att ge ett slutgiltigt resultat. Överlag behövs fler studier på dirigering inom storbandsorkester. / The aim of this study was to investigate how conductors representing two different orchestral traditions - the symphony orchestra and big band- use different signs for communication and to explore whether there are any clear differences and similarities between them. Throughout the analysis, a social semiotic and multimodal perspective was applied. The conductors have been analysed by which signs they use when communicating with the musicians. Video observation was used as a method and the material has been retrieved from www.youtube.com. The selection contains recordings of professional and world-famous conductors, working with world renowned orchestras. The result of the study seems to reveal that the conductors utilize and communicate with many sign systems simultaneously and that they use mutual signs as well as personal signs when communicating. There were differences between the two genres but also between conductors within the same genre so further studies are needed to establish a more thorough conclusion. Overall, there is a need for further and larger studies regarding big band orchestras.

Between 1947 and 1979 the Utah Symphony Orchestra was transformed from an obscure, part-time, amateur orchestra into one of the major symphony orchestras in America. By 1947 the orchestra, which had begun as a Works Progress Administration organization, was barely hanging on. The symphony struggled to remain financially solvent, performing only a few concerts per year. Thirty-two years later the Utah Symphony Orchestra was one of the most prestigious musical ensembles in the country— receiving rave reviews from critics around the world, touring extensively, and with more than a hundred albums to its credit. The remarkable growth of the Utah Symphony Orchestra during this period is largely attributable to the efforts of one man—Maurice Abravanel. Abravanel's unwaveiing commitment to furthering classical music was responsible for the changes that altered the symphony as an organization. His drive to further cultural education throughout the world, and specifically in the American West provides a remarkable story of dedication and commitment. To place Abravanel's ideologies and organizational successes in the context of American classical music, this thesis examines the history of the symphony, as an institution, in America, before turning to a study of Abravanel's personal efforts and the Utah Symphony Orchestra's consequent growth. This thesis argues that the Utah Symphony Orchestra, specifically while under the direction of Maurice Abravanel, provides an example of positive growth in community education and classical music promotion. The particular programs that Abravanel implemented were generally successful, and ultimately responsible for the symphony's unprecedented growth. Further, by examining the challenges and solutions that Abravanel confronted in his work to build the symphony, it is possible to understand better the ingredients necessary to the development of professional classical music organizations. This study uses Abravanel's work with the Utah Symphony as a model for successful community music programs, with the intent to communicate insight into successful methods for the promotion of classical music. Such an examination provides a new and imminently practical method for the historical study of musical institutions.

No description available.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, Department of Music, August 2002. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet.

In the Old Testament there are many references to musical instruments and each one performs its own specific function. Especially in the Psalms we come across quite a few musical instruments. What is very obvious is the vast amount of references to musical instruments in Psalm 150. In the entire Psalms the most references are made to musical instruments in Psalm 150. The question of this study is: What role did the musical instruments play in the composition of the Psalms? The many references to musical instruments in the Psalms are compared to the other references made to them in the rest of the Old Testament. The psalms in which the musical instruments are mentioned, are discussed and sheds light on how the musical instruments are dispersed in the Psalms’ composition. Recent studies on the composition of the Psalms are also discussed. Every musical instrument that occurs in the Psalms is discussed and with the help of iconographic illustrations it is shown how the musical instruments might have looked. A literary analysis of Psalm 150 helps to argue that this psalm is the final doxology and grand finalé of the Psalms. The studies about the musical instruments’ role in the Psalms shows that the musical instruments build up to a crescendo in the Psalms. The Psalms end with a tremendous grand finalé in Psalm 150. The Psalms is regarded in this study as a great musical composition (a symphony) and the entire symphony orchestra is spread throughout the whole of Psalms. At the end of Psalms the whole symphony orchestra plays together and every one and everything that is created by God is called upon to praise and worship the Lord. / Dissertation (MA (Ancient Languages))--University of Pretoria, 2005. / Ancient Languages / unrestricted