Breast and prostate cancers are among the two most common forms of cancer. In addition to the symptoms caused by the tumor itself, there are several sequelae associated with breast and prostate cancer that can be caused by the psychological impact of the diagnosis or from cancer treatment. Many of these symptoms can persist during the survivorship phase, even after the cancer has been treated. As such, given the large clinical population affected by these diseases, there is a strong need to identify and treat the unique symptom burden that these patients experience. While diagnosis and management of breast and prostate cancer-specific mortality have markedly developed over the years, there are still gaps in managing symptoms of cancer-related morbidity. Additionally, conventional pharmacological treatments for symptom management can come with their associated side-effects. Mindfulness-based interventions are a relatively new symptom management modality that have come as a part of a wave of cognitive-based therapies for simultaneous treatment of multiple cancer-related symptoms. Given the relative infancy of this treatment modality, much of the research has focused on its efficacy and validity as a treatment option. Even with exponential interest in this field, much of the underlying physiology of mindfulness is still unknown. This will be an examination of physiological mechanisms implicated in mindfulness-based interventions as they relate to breast and prostate cancer patients.

No description available.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第18863号 / 医博第3974号 / 新制||医||1008(附属図書館) / 31814 / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 渡邊 直樹, 教授 岩田 想, 教授 岩井 一宏 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(医学) / 乙第13063号 / 論医博第2121号 / 新制||医||1018(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科社会健康医学系専攻 / (主査)教授 髙橋 良輔, 教授 福原 俊一, 教授 中山 健夫 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

No description available.

No description available.

Negative symptoms emerge early in the course of psychosis and are one of the best indicators of clinical outcomes; thus, the accurate, identification of these symptoms is paramount to early intervention efforts. Negative symptoms are typically assessed via self-report questionnaire or interviewer rated semi-structured interviews. However, the degree of concordance between self and interviewer report has been demonstrated to be low, approximately 50%. Therefore, it is important to identify the degree of discordance within each negative symptom domain (anhedonia, alogia, blunted affect, asociality, and amotivation) as well as to identify potential contributors to this lack of concordance. The present study examined each of the five negative symptom domains in regard to self and interviewer rating concordance in a sample (N = 70) that consists of a full range of negative symptoms and psychotic-like experiences (PLEs). Results indicated that self and interviewer report of negative symptom domains were inconsistently correlated. Dimensionally, asociality and avolition were the most concordant domains and alogia and anhedonia were more discordant. Although self and interviewer report scores of blunted affect did not significantly differ, each score may be capturing separate aspects of this experience. Participant drug use frequency was found to significantly impact rater responding on blunted affect, participant emotional clarity significantly impacted rater responding on alogia, participant clinical high risk (CHR) status impacted rater responding on consummatory anhedonia, and participant anxiety impacted rater responding on anticipatory anhedonia. This study identifies factors that underlie negative symptom rating discordance, which may help improve treatment intervention for those experiencing this critical phase of the disorder, and improve our ability to accurately monitor these symptoms in individuals with psychosis spectrum disorders. / Psychology

In recent decades, research on family life and religion has been conducted. Much of the research done on religion and well-being has shown beneficial effects of religion or religious practices on well-being (Bonner, Koven, & Patrick, 2003; Loser, Klein, Hill, & Dollahite, 2008). Using data from the Flourishing Families Project (N = 359 adolescents), the relationship between religious variables (family religious practices, family religious importance and religiosity), family climate measures (family connectedness and parent conflict) and adolescent depressive symptoms was examined. Results indicate no significant relationship between religious variables and adolescent depressive symptoms, but a positive relationship between parent conflict and adolescent depressive symptoms and a negative relationship between family connectedness and adolescent depressive symptoms. These findings suggest that while family climate is important to adolescent depressive symptoms, religious activity as measured by family practices is not protective.

People with lung cancer are at a high risk of developing anxiety and depression during cancer treatments. Previous research has shown physical activity to be effective in improving psychological symptoms in people with cancer, however, the majority of studies have focused on female breast cancer survivors. The purpose of this literature review was to determine if physical activity interventions can effectively and feasibly reduce anxiety and depression in people with lung cancer who are undergoing treatment. A database search was conducted in CINAHL Plus, MEDLINE, APA PsycInfo, and SPORTDiscus. The search resulted in 265 articles and 9 were selected for inclusion in this review. Four studies showed significant improvements in anxiety and depression, six studies showed significant improvements in only anxiety, and the remaining studies showed no effect. The studies that improved both anxiety and depression used multimodal physical activity programs that included the use of supplemental psychological and health promoting interventions. Limitations included high drop-out rates, small sample sizes, and using different physical activity programs in a portion of the studies. Multimodal physical activity programs are safe and feasible and should be recommended to reduce anxiety and depressions in people with lung cancer undergoing treatment.

No description available.