<p>Component-based software development has emerged as a promising approach for developing complex software systems by composing smaller independently developed components into larger component assemblies. This approach offers means to increase software reuse, achieve higher flexibility and shorter time-to-market by the use of off-the-shelf components (COTS). However, the use of COTS in safety-critical system is highly unexplored.</p><p>This thesis addresses the problems appearing in component-based development of safety-critical systems. We aim at efficient reasoning about safety at system level while adding or replacing components. For safety-related reasoning it does not suffice to consider functioning components in their intended environments but also the behaviour of components in presence of single or multiple faults. Our contribution is a formal component model that includes the notion of a safety interface. It describes how the component behaves with respect to violation of a given system-level property in presence of faults in its environment. This approach also provides a link between formal analysis of components in safety-critical systems and the traditional engineering processes supported by model-based development.</p><p>We also present an algorithm for deriving safety interfaces given a particular safety property and fault modes for the component. The safety interface is then used in a method proposed for compositional reasoning about component assemblies. Instead of reasoning about the effect of faults on the composed system, we suggest analysis of fault tolerance through pair wise analysis based on safety interfaces.</p><p>The framework is demonstrated as a proof-of-concept in two case studies; a hydraulic system from the aerospace industry and an adaptive cruise controller from the automotive industry. The case studies have shown that a more efficient system-level safety analysis can be performed using the safety interfaces.</p>

Semantic role labelling (SRL) is a natural language processing (NLP) technique that maps sentences to semantic representations. This can be used in different NLP tasks. The goal of this master thesis is to investigate how to support the novel method proposed by He Tan for building corpus annotated with semantic roles. The mentioned goal provides the context for developing a general framework of the work and as a result implementing a supporting system based on the framework. Implementation is followed using Java. Defined features of the system reflect the usage of frame semantics in understanding and explaining the meaning of lexical items. This prototype system has been processed by the biomedical corpus as a dataset for the evaluation. Our supporting environment has the ability to create frames with all related associations through XML, updating frames and related information including definition, elements and example sentences and at last annotating the example sentences of the frame. The output of annotation is a semi structure schema where tokens of a sentence are labelled. We evaluated our system by means of two surveys. The evaluation results showed that our framework and system have fulfilled the expectations of users and has satisfied them in a good scale. Also feedbacks from users have defined new areas of improvement regarding this supporting environment.

This report is going to be focusing on the development of a promotion page and login system for the web production company Adoreyou. The promotion page and login will be parts of a new taxi application for iPhone that lets the customer book a taxi and drivers manage the requests from the customers. Taxi application’s that let customer’s book trips are nothing new but they are constantly being explored and developed. The most common practice is to let the customer fill in from what address he or she wants to be picked up and to where he or she wants to be taken. Then the price is set in the application depending on the distance and most likely other factors like weekday and time. Some of them do not have functionalities such as being able to choose which type of car you want to order or managing payments from the app itself. This taxi app will be developed to take it to the next level and utilize GPS to locate cars close to the customers. The promotion page will be constructed in HTML and CSS. The login system will be constructed in the PHP framework Codeigniter and connected to Parse.com through an API. The project has been using the so called waterfall model to develop the promotion page and the login system. The model has been used throughout the project and each stage was been checked with the project manager on Adoreyou before the next stage was initialized.

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Computer use at work has risen considerably over the past fifteen years and is currently a relatively common phenomenon when 76 percent of women and 72 percent of men using the computer in their daily work (SCB Arbetsmiljörapport 2009).According to Gulliksen and Göransson (2009), Sweden is one of the countries which are more advanced in the procurement of computer systems at work. He means that Sweden has unique opportunities and conditions for user participation in the development of computer systems, when the user has the right to influence their working environment through a law in the Work Environment Act. The paper examines the importance of user involvement in system development and the Swedish company's approach and experience of user involvement. To highlight and explore the importance of user involvement, there has been a case study in which users have been representative of the development process. The case study has been conducted on a case company where the system IST analys was in need of a new interface. The development process has been as such that the developers have worked out their requirements before users have been interviewed and had to give their requirements. This is to compare the requirements of developers and users and whether users gave useful requirements.To investigate the Swedish company's approach to user participation has a questionnaire sent out and it has also been a discussion with two experienced system developers. The conclusion has been that it is advantageous to user participation in systems development but that it is important to have a controlled process that allows users to not steer too much.

<p>This thesis research builds upon prior work that developed separate SPECT and CT (computed mammotomography, or breast CT) devices that were independently capable of imaging an uncompressed breast in 3D space. To further develop the system as a clinically viable device, it was necessary to integrate the separate imaging systems onto a single gantry, and to simultaneously design a patient-friendly bed that could routinely and effectively position the patient during dual-modality imaging of her uncompressed breast in the system's common field of view. This thesis describes this process and also investigates practical challenges associated with dedicated breast imaging of a prone patient using the integrated SPECT-CT device.</p> <p>We initially characterized the practicability of implementing the novel x-ray beam ultra-thick K-edge filtration scheme designed for routine use with the breast CT system. Extensive computer simulations and physical measurements were performed to characterize the x-ray beam produced using K-edge filtration with cerium and to compare it to beams produced using other filtration methods and materials. The advantages of using this heavily filtered x-ray beam for uncompressed breast CT imaging were then further evaluated by measuring the dose absorbed by an uncompressed cadaver breast during the course of a routine tomographic scan. It was found that the breast CT device is indeed capable of imaging uncompressed breasts at dose levels below that of the maximum utilized for dual-view screening mammography.</p> <p>To prepare the separate SPECT and CT systems for integration onto a single platform, the cross contamination of the image of one modality by primary and scattered photons of the complementary modality was quantified. It was found that contamination levels of the emission (SPECT) image by the x-ray transmission source were generally far less than 2% when using photopeak energy windows up to ±8%. In addition, while there was some quantifiable evidence of a variation in the transmission image in response to the presence of <super>99m</super>Tc photons in the patient, the effect of primary and scattered <super>99m</super>Tc photons on the visibility of 5 mm acrylic photons in a low contrast x-ray transmission environment was negligible. </p> <p>A novel, tiered, stainless steel patient bed was then designed to allow dual-modality imaging using the integrated SPECT-CT system. The performance of the hybrid SPECT-CT system was evaluated during early stage dual-modality patient imaging trials with particular emphasis placed on the performance of the patient bed. The bed was successful in its primary task of enabling dual-modality imaging of a patient's breast in the common field of view, but practical challenges to more effective patient imaging were identified as well as some novel solutions to these challenges.</p> <p>In the final section of the thesis research, the feasibility of using two of these solutions was investigated with a view to imaging more of the patient's posterior breast volume. Limited angle tomographic trajectories and trajectories that involve raising or lowering the patient bed in mid tomographic acquisition were initially investigated using various geometric phantoms. A very low contrast imaging task was then tested using an observer study to quantify the effect of these trajectories on the ability of observers to maintain visibility of small geometric objects. </p> <p>This initial integrated SPECT-CT imaging system has demonstrated its ability to successfully perform low dose, dual-modality imaging of the uncompressed breast. Challenges and solutions have been identified here that will make future SPECT-CT designs even more powerful and a clinically relevant technique for molecular imaging of the breast.</p> / Dissertation

Management information system department has long been considered as a supporting function in organization and develop the system which should fulfill users¡¦ need to support the business process. Although previous studies indicate users participate in project process can enhance the project outcome, the final ISD project failure rate is still high and extra costs and time occurs consequently. Based on internal service concept adopted from marketing filed, this study views MIS department is viewed as an internal service provider and end user is viewed as a customer in development stage. We attempt to understand the antecedents and consequence of user co-production in ISD project. Project outcomes are expected to be affected by user co-production, represented by open communication, shared problem solving, involvement in project governance, tolerance, accommodation, advocacy and personal dedication. Project outcome is evaluated by user satisfaction, system quality and project performance. Besides, this study adopted social capital theory and examined how co-production is affected by social capitals between users and developers. Paired data collected from both user representatives and developers through using survey approach was used to test proposed hypotheses. The results showed that user co-production has positively significant influence on project outcomes, and social capitals between user representatives and developers also have positively significant influence on user co-production. Discussion of the results and conclusions about this study were made. Finally, the study also provides some academic and practical implications

The impact of user risks on project performance has long been acknowledged by researchers. Identifying approaches or capabilities to reduce the likelihood of the occurrence of user risks and their consequences is then critical. By viewing information system development (ISD) as a knowledge intensive process, this study attempts to explore possible knowledge or capabilities that must be present to counter risks related to user risk elicited from the information processing perspective. We adopted the uncertainty reduction and coping concepts, and extended their study by restructuring the theoretical model to align it with the proposed reduction and coping concepts. Specifically, the effects of user risk reduction capabilities are reflected in the impacts of user participation, the relation between user with information system developer and user informance experience. At the same time, risk coping is demonstrated by hypothesizing the moderating role of ISD business expertise on the relationship between user risk and project performance. Data collected from 235 IS professionals on the basis of their experiences of recently completed ISD projects confirmed all of our hypotheses. The results successfully demonstrated that the eliciting of user risk can be reduced when users participate in the project, users and developers have wonderful relationship and users have good experiences. Furthermore, the impact of risk on project performance can be eased when developers have sufficient ISD business expertise. This study concludes with a presentation of the implication and conclusion.

Service-Dominant (S-D) Logics are the basis of contemporary economic activities. Based on this concept, Information System department should transform its role from a technical supporter to a service provider. S-D Logics highlight the importance to build up a successful value-cocreated service systems. This implies that, in addition to technical capabilities and business knowledge, IS department should possess certain capabilities to collaborate with other functional departments to delivery maximum value. The purpose of this research is to explore possible collaborative capabilities that IS personnel should possess, besides the technical skills and business know-how. This research adopted exploratory case study method. Through in-depth interview with developers and users of three complex information system development(ISD) projects, a total of 14 collaborative capabilities that IS personnel need were identified. The relationships among those capabilities as well as their impacts on performance were also identified. Implications of the research results to practitioners and academia are also provided.

The management information systems (MIS) department has played a role that supports information systems development, functionality and business operations in the organization. However, information system development (ISD) projects have a high failure rate because the users¡¦ needs cannot be met. Most of the previous literature indicated that users should be involved and participate in ISD projects to enhance project performance. Nevertheless, the failure rate of ISD projects is still high because of the complex relationship between users and developers. To deal with this problem, previous studies indicated that co-production behavior can facilitate project performance and success. They did not discuss the drivers that influence users to work as co-producers in ISD projects. Different from previous studies, and based on the MARS model concept adopted from the organizational behavior field, this study applies some drivers of co-production and implies that the information system is co-produced by users and developers. Via the MARS model, we attempt to explore the critical role of motivation, IT knowledge, role clarity, and organizational support in influencing user co-production behavior. We also expected that co-production behavior has an influence on system quality and user satisfaction from the perspective of service-dominant logic. Data collected from 178 users confirmed our hypothesis that co-production behavior is positively associated with user satisfaction and system quality, and extrinsic motivation has a positively significant influence on user satisfaction co-production behavior. Finally, the implications for academia and practitioners are also provided.