The main theme in this thesis is potentials for increased user participation in the development of ecological sanitation technologies. The argument is that ecological sanitary engineering can be regarded as a heterogeneous practice that needs to incorporate environmental considerations as well as users’ knowledges and aspirations. To be a heterogeneous engineer therefore means to acquire skills for advanced dialogue with the users and other stakeholders, rather than providing finished technical solutions. In a case study in rural South Africa, I found that much of the responsibility for taking initiatives for the transformation of the water supply and sanitation systems lies with the community. By contrast, a case study of ecological sanitation in urban Sweden revealed that there was generally very little room for user involvement; instead, sanitation specialists presented a picture of the users as recipients of technical systems and information. These two different cases form the basis for a discussion about the relationship between users and specialists and pose the question of how we can encourage participatory technology development practices that users, specialists and ecosystems can endure. On the basis of feminist theory, technoscience and participatory methodologies, I have identified some criteria for feminist sanitary engineering. These include recognition of diversity, feminism beyond gender/deep feminism, reflectivity and heterogeneous engineering, and action research and user participation. The transformation of sanitary engineering towards the inclusion of these criteria is a long-term process, which needs to begin with reflection among sanitation specialists. / Temat i avhandlingen är möjligheten till ökad brukardeltagande i utvecklingen av ekologiska avloppsalternativ. Två studier ligger till grund; en i Sydafrika, där det lokala samhället har stort ansvar för vatten och avlopp, och en i Sverige, där ingenjörer inom kommunen har ansvar för systemen. Några kriterier för en utveckling av feministisk VA-teknik har identifierats, nämligen erkännande av mångfald, feminism bortom könstänkande, reflektivitet och heterogen ingenjörskonst, aktionsforskning och brukardeltagande.

Abstract As the widespread use and company dependency on Intranet increase, so does the need to assess their value and to ensure implementation success. As a new technology, Intranet success may be affected by the general level of awareness and experience of IT networking in the user population. This study examines the factors which have been proposed in the literature to account for new IT systems and apply them to Intranet. This study identifies and empirically tests five major variables as determinants of Intranet success, in this case measured in terms of user satisfaction. This result clearly supports the hypothesized relationships and suggests the need for Intranet project managers and top management to pay special attention to these determinants of Intranet success. According to the result, Intranet success is directly positive to the quality of Intranet, degree of management support, degree of user participation in Intranet development, computer self-efficacy of users, service provided by the IT center, as each has been defined in this study. Among those five variables, the quality of Intranet and computer self-efficacy of users are the most critical factors affecting user satisfaction on Intranet. In addition, degree of user participation in Intranet development is also a moderating variable between degree of management support and user satisfaction. A set of those five factors is found to account for 61.4¢Mof the variance in user satisfaction on Intranet. As for users¡¦ attributes, such as age, seniority and computer experience influence the perception of Intranet as well. Based on the results, some recommendations are proposed for Intranet project managers and top management to enhance user satisfaction on Intranet and to shape an advantageous environment for Intranet development, including: improving the five factors mentioned above and increasing users¡¦ ability to use Intranet according to users¡¦ attributes, such as age, seniority and computer experience.

The topic of this research is direct user participation in the task based development of interactive software systems. Building usable software demands understanding and supporting users and their tasks. Users are a primary source of usability requirements and knowledge, since users can be expected to have intimate and extensive knowledge of themselves, their tasks and their working environment. Task analysis approaches to software development encourage a focus on supporting users and their tasks while participatory design approaches encourage users' direct, active contributions to software development work. However, participatory design approaches often concentrate their efforts on design activities rather than on wider system development activities, while task analysis approaches generally lack active user participation beyond initial data gathering. This research attempts an integration of the strengths of task analysis and user participation within an overall software development process. This thesis also presents detailed empirical and theoretical analyses of what it is for users and developers to cooperate, of the nature of user-developer interaction in participatory settings. Furthennore, it operationalises and assesses the effectiveness of user participation in development and the impact of user-developer cooperation on the resulting software product. The research addressed these issues through the development and application of an approach to task based participatory development in two real world development projects. In this integrated approach, the respective strengths of task analysis and participatory design methods complemented each other's weaker aspects. The participatory design features encouraged active user participation in the development work while the task analysis features extended this participation upstream from software design activities to include analysis of the users' current work situation and design of an envisioned work situation. An inductive analysis of user-developer interaction in the software development projects was combined with a theoretical analysis drawing upon work on common ground in communication. This research generated an account of user-developer interaction in terms of the joint construction of two distinct fonns of common ground between user and developer: common ground about their present joint development activities and common ground about the objects of those joint activities, work situations and software systems. The thesis further extended the concept of common ground, assessing user participation in terms of contributions to common ground developed through the user-developer discourse. The thesis then went on to operationalise and to assess the effectiveness of user participation in tenns of the assimilation of users' contributions into the artefacts of the development work. Finally, the thesis assessed the value of user participation in tenns of the impact of user contributions to the development activities on the usability of the software produced.

Os motoristas de ônibus apresentam problemas de saúde física e psicológica decorrentes da exposição a fatores relacionados com a organização do trabalho e com a própria configuração do ônibus, mais especificamente da cabine, onde realizam suas atividades. Os projetos das cabines dos ônibus e do seu cockpit, interface através da qual o motorista envia comandos para o ônibus, normalmente desconsideram a opinião do motorista e a relação entre produto/usuário/contexto de uso real, fundamental para garantir um projeto de interface adequado, segundo os conceitos de ergonomia e design. Assim, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo estudar e determinar as demandas dos motoristas de transporte rodoviário e urbano de passageiros com relação aos cockpits de ônibus, a fim de propor melhorias considerando as características da tarefa e a opinião dos motoristas com relação ao seu conforto e desempenho. Participaram do estudo duas empresas de transporte de passageiros, uma rodoviária e outra urbana. A metodologia foi estruturada em três fases. A primeira (Pré-análise) teve como objetivo conhecer os cockpits dos ônibus, entender os requisitos considerados na compra de novos veículos e evidenciar as condições do cockpit que atuam na dirigibilidade do veículo. A segunda fase (Análise) consistiu em investigar a percepção dos motoristas com relação aos cockpits dos ônibus, realizado observação in loco, filmagens, entrevistas, questionário e dinâmica do protótipo de papel Na terceira fase (Pós-análise) foi realizada a triangulação dos dados para identificar os fatores de conforto mais relevantes e a comparação dos resultados dos dois grupos de motoristas. Os resultados da dinâmica convergiram com aqueles das entrevistas e questionários evidenciando que, em geral, os motoristas tendem a manter os comandos nos locais em que se acostumaram, modificando somente o posicionamento daqueles que não atendem suas necessidades de forma satisfatória. A principal demanda dos motoristas de transporte rodoviário está vinculada ao posicionamento do comando do ar-condicionado no cockpit e às condições de conforto térmico na cabine. Os motoristas de transporte urbano de passageiros, por outro lado, desejam o reposicionamento do comando do itinerário para um local de fácil alcance e visibilidade quando em sedestação. Esses também relataram desconforto térmico relacionando com a inexistência do dispositivo da ventarola, uma vez que a maioria dos veículos da frota não dispõe de ar-condicionado. Os dois grupos de motoristas indicaram a necessidade de melhorar a visibilidade do painel de instrumentos que, por vezes, é dificultado pelo mau posicionamento do volante. Além disso, os dois grupos de motoristas consideraram o espaço interno da cabine, o ruído, bem como o conforto do banco, características a serem melhoradas. / Bus drivers have physical and psychological health problems due to exposure to factors related to work organization and the configuration of the bus, specifically the cabin, where they carry out their activities. The bus cabins and their cockpit‟s designs, the interface through which the driver sends commands to the bus, usually disregard the driver's opinion and the relationship between product/ user/ context of actual use, primal to ensure a proper interface design, according to the concepts of ergonomics and design. Thus, this research aims to study and determine the demands of road and urban passenger transport drivers in relation to bus cockpits, in order to propose improvements considering the characteristics of the task and the opinion of the drivers regarding their comfort and performance. The study included an urban and a road passenger transport companie. The methodology was structured in three phases. The first one (Preanalysis) had as objective to know the cockpits of the buses, to understand the requirements considered in the purchase of new vehicles and to understand the conditions of the cockpit that act in the dirigibility of the vehicle. The second phase (Analysis) was to investigate the drivers' perception regarding the cockpits of the buses through in loco observation, filming, interviews, questionnaire and paper prototype dynamics In the third phase (Post-analysis) the triangulation of the data was performed to identify the most relevant comfort factors and the results of the two groups of drivers were compared. The results of the dynamics converged with those of the interviews and questionnaires showing that, in general, drivers tend to keep the controls in the places they have become used to, modifying only the positioning of those who do not meet their needs. The main demand of road transport drivers is linked to the positioning of the air conditioning control in the cockpit and the conditions of thermal comfort in the cabin. Passenger urban transport drivers, on the other hand, want the itinerary Command relocate to a location within easy reach and visibility when in the sitting position. They also reported thermal discomfort relating to the absence of ventarola device, since most vehicle do not have air conditioning. The two groups of drivers indicated the need to improve the visibility of the instrument panel which is sometimes hampered by poor steering positioning. In addition, the two groups of drivers considered the interior space of the cabin, the noise as well as the comfort of the seat, features to be improved.

Business organizations invest significant resources implementing enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems, yet some organizations utilize less than 75% of the ERP system capabilities. The purpose of this single-site case study was to explore ERP utilization strategies implemented by 4 managers in the information technology (IT) department from 1 organization that uses an ERP system in the Midwest region of the United States. The conceptual framework that grounded this study was the user participation theory. Data were collected through participant interviews and analyzed using traditional text analysis. Member checking was used to strengthen the credibility and trustworthiness of the interpretation of the participants' responses. The emergent themes from the study were user participation, user involvement, user attitude, user system satisfaction, and user preparation. The most prominent utilization strategies identified by the participants related to the user participation theme. The implications for positive social change include the potential optimization of benefits from the ERP system that could allow the organization's leaders to direct their resources to causes that can improve the health and welfare of the geographic population in the operational region.

Os motoristas de ônibus apresentam problemas de saúde física e psicológica decorrentes da exposição a fatores relacionados com a organização do trabalho e com a própria configuração do ônibus, mais especificamente da cabine, onde realizam suas atividades. Os projetos das cabines dos ônibus e do seu cockpit, interface através da qual o motorista envia comandos para o ônibus, normalmente desconsideram a opinião do motorista e a relação entre produto/usuário/contexto de uso real, fundamental para garantir um projeto de interface adequado, segundo os conceitos de ergonomia e design. Assim, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo estudar e determinar as demandas dos motoristas de transporte rodoviário e urbano de passageiros com relação aos cockpits de ônibus, a fim de propor melhorias considerando as características da tarefa e a opinião dos motoristas com relação ao seu conforto e desempenho. Participaram do estudo duas empresas de transporte de passageiros, uma rodoviária e outra urbana. A metodologia foi estruturada em três fases. A primeira (Pré-análise) teve como objetivo conhecer os cockpits dos ônibus, entender os requisitos considerados na compra de novos veículos e evidenciar as condições do cockpit que atuam na dirigibilidade do veículo. A segunda fase (Análise) consistiu em investigar a percepção dos motoristas com relação aos cockpits dos ônibus, realizado observação in loco, filmagens, entrevistas, questionário e dinâmica do protótipo de papel Na terceira fase (Pós-análise) foi realizada a triangulação dos dados para identificar os fatores de conforto mais relevantes e a comparação dos resultados dos dois grupos de motoristas. Os resultados da dinâmica convergiram com aqueles das entrevistas e questionários evidenciando que, em geral, os motoristas tendem a manter os comandos nos locais em que se acostumaram, modificando somente o posicionamento daqueles que não atendem suas necessidades de forma satisfatória. A principal demanda dos motoristas de transporte rodoviário está vinculada ao posicionamento do comando do ar-condicionado no cockpit e às condições de conforto térmico na cabine. Os motoristas de transporte urbano de passageiros, por outro lado, desejam o reposicionamento do comando do itinerário para um local de fácil alcance e visibilidade quando em sedestação. Esses também relataram desconforto térmico relacionando com a inexistência do dispositivo da ventarola, uma vez que a maioria dos veículos da frota não dispõe de ar-condicionado. Os dois grupos de motoristas indicaram a necessidade de melhorar a visibilidade do painel de instrumentos que, por vezes, é dificultado pelo mau posicionamento do volante. Além disso, os dois grupos de motoristas consideraram o espaço interno da cabine, o ruído, bem como o conforto do banco, características a serem melhoradas. / Bus drivers have physical and psychological health problems due to exposure to factors related to work organization and the configuration of the bus, specifically the cabin, where they carry out their activities. The bus cabins and their cockpit‟s designs, the interface through which the driver sends commands to the bus, usually disregard the driver's opinion and the relationship between product/ user/ context of actual use, primal to ensure a proper interface design, according to the concepts of ergonomics and design. Thus, this research aims to study and determine the demands of road and urban passenger transport drivers in relation to bus cockpits, in order to propose improvements considering the characteristics of the task and the opinion of the drivers regarding their comfort and performance. The study included an urban and a road passenger transport companie. The methodology was structured in three phases. The first one (Preanalysis) had as objective to know the cockpits of the buses, to understand the requirements considered in the purchase of new vehicles and to understand the conditions of the cockpit that act in the dirigibility of the vehicle. The second phase (Analysis) was to investigate the drivers' perception regarding the cockpits of the buses through in loco observation, filming, interviews, questionnaire and paper prototype dynamics In the third phase (Post-analysis) the triangulation of the data was performed to identify the most relevant comfort factors and the results of the two groups of drivers were compared. The results of the dynamics converged with those of the interviews and questionnaires showing that, in general, drivers tend to keep the controls in the places they have become used to, modifying only the positioning of those who do not meet their needs. The main demand of road transport drivers is linked to the positioning of the air conditioning control in the cockpit and the conditions of thermal comfort in the cabin. Passenger urban transport drivers, on the other hand, want the itinerary Command relocate to a location within easy reach and visibility when in the sitting position. They also reported thermal discomfort relating to the absence of ventarola device, since most vehicle do not have air conditioning. The two groups of drivers indicated the need to improve the visibility of the instrument panel which is sometimes hampered by poor steering positioning. In addition, the two groups of drivers considered the interior space of the cabin, the noise as well as the comfort of the seat, features to be improved.

Os motoristas de ônibus apresentam problemas de saúde física e psicológica decorrentes da exposição a fatores relacionados com a organização do trabalho e com a própria configuração do ônibus, mais especificamente da cabine, onde realizam suas atividades. Os projetos das cabines dos ônibus e do seu cockpit, interface através da qual o motorista envia comandos para o ônibus, normalmente desconsideram a opinião do motorista e a relação entre produto/usuário/contexto de uso real, fundamental para garantir um projeto de interface adequado, segundo os conceitos de ergonomia e design. Assim, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo estudar e determinar as demandas dos motoristas de transporte rodoviário e urbano de passageiros com relação aos cockpits de ônibus, a fim de propor melhorias considerando as características da tarefa e a opinião dos motoristas com relação ao seu conforto e desempenho. Participaram do estudo duas empresas de transporte de passageiros, uma rodoviária e outra urbana. A metodologia foi estruturada em três fases. A primeira (Pré-análise) teve como objetivo conhecer os cockpits dos ônibus, entender os requisitos considerados na compra de novos veículos e evidenciar as condições do cockpit que atuam na dirigibilidade do veículo. A segunda fase (Análise) consistiu em investigar a percepção dos motoristas com relação aos cockpits dos ônibus, realizado observação in loco, filmagens, entrevistas, questionário e dinâmica do protótipo de papel Na terceira fase (Pós-análise) foi realizada a triangulação dos dados para identificar os fatores de conforto mais relevantes e a comparação dos resultados dos dois grupos de motoristas. Os resultados da dinâmica convergiram com aqueles das entrevistas e questionários evidenciando que, em geral, os motoristas tendem a manter os comandos nos locais em que se acostumaram, modificando somente o posicionamento daqueles que não atendem suas necessidades de forma satisfatória. A principal demanda dos motoristas de transporte rodoviário está vinculada ao posicionamento do comando do ar-condicionado no cockpit e às condições de conforto térmico na cabine. Os motoristas de transporte urbano de passageiros, por outro lado, desejam o reposicionamento do comando do itinerário para um local de fácil alcance e visibilidade quando em sedestação. Esses também relataram desconforto térmico relacionando com a inexistência do dispositivo da ventarola, uma vez que a maioria dos veículos da frota não dispõe de ar-condicionado. Os dois grupos de motoristas indicaram a necessidade de melhorar a visibilidade do painel de instrumentos que, por vezes, é dificultado pelo mau posicionamento do volante. Além disso, os dois grupos de motoristas consideraram o espaço interno da cabine, o ruído, bem como o conforto do banco, características a serem melhoradas. / Bus drivers have physical and psychological health problems due to exposure to factors related to work organization and the configuration of the bus, specifically the cabin, where they carry out their activities. The bus cabins and their cockpit‟s designs, the interface through which the driver sends commands to the bus, usually disregard the driver's opinion and the relationship between product/ user/ context of actual use, primal to ensure a proper interface design, according to the concepts of ergonomics and design. Thus, this research aims to study and determine the demands of road and urban passenger transport drivers in relation to bus cockpits, in order to propose improvements considering the characteristics of the task and the opinion of the drivers regarding their comfort and performance. The study included an urban and a road passenger transport companie. The methodology was structured in three phases. The first one (Preanalysis) had as objective to know the cockpits of the buses, to understand the requirements considered in the purchase of new vehicles and to understand the conditions of the cockpit that act in the dirigibility of the vehicle. The second phase (Analysis) was to investigate the drivers' perception regarding the cockpits of the buses through in loco observation, filming, interviews, questionnaire and paper prototype dynamics In the third phase (Post-analysis) the triangulation of the data was performed to identify the most relevant comfort factors and the results of the two groups of drivers were compared. The results of the dynamics converged with those of the interviews and questionnaires showing that, in general, drivers tend to keep the controls in the places they have become used to, modifying only the positioning of those who do not meet their needs. The main demand of road transport drivers is linked to the positioning of the air conditioning control in the cockpit and the conditions of thermal comfort in the cabin. Passenger urban transport drivers, on the other hand, want the itinerary Command relocate to a location within easy reach and visibility when in the sitting position. They also reported thermal discomfort relating to the absence of ventarola device, since most vehicle do not have air conditioning. The two groups of drivers indicated the need to improve the visibility of the instrument panel which is sometimes hampered by poor steering positioning. In addition, the two groups of drivers considered the interior space of the cabin, the noise as well as the comfort of the seat, features to be improved.

Denna uppsats berör ämnet användarmedverkan som i den här uppsatsen definieras som “Användare är med och för fram krav, åsikter och information kring vad som ska finnas i ett befintligt system i syfte att det ska passa deras verksamhet.”. Det uppsatsen utforskar är om det går att göra generaliseringar från ett tidigare arbete från Rosenquist och Curovac (2017) som hade problem med just detta. Frågeställningen i studien är “Vad har användarmedverkan för positiv och negativ påverkan på kravinsamling?”. Datainsamlingen från praktiken sker med hjälp av kvalitativ metod och kvalitativa intervjuer där en deduktiv tematisk analys används för att sedan analysera innehållet. Det som inte utforskas är de andra delarna av systemutveckling och vad användarmedverkan kan ha för påverkan i dessa, som exempelvis design. Studien utforskar heller inte användarperspektivet utan endast leverantörens perspektiv. Den tidigare studien utforskar olika teman om vad användarmedverkan har för positiva och negativa effekter på kravinsamling för standardiserade system. Dessa teman utforskar hur empiri jämfört med praktiken definierar och ser på saker inom användarmedverkan. De teman som utforskas är Definitioner (av Användare, Användarmedverkan och Krav), vad det finns för Möjligheter med användarmedverkan vid kravinsamling (Exakta och precisa krav, Uppnå användarnas förväntningar), Problem med användarmedverkan (Bristfällig kunskap hos användaren, Tid/Kostnad, Orimliga krav och Motvilliga användare), möjligheten att Förutse påverkan med användarmedverkan vid kravinsamling, Hitta rätt användare och vad Användarnas roll är i kravinsamlingsprocessen. Det som kommer fram i uppsatsen som resultat är att det med hjälp av denna studie samt den tidigare studien som gjordes av Rosenquist och Curovac (2017) går det att dra generaliseringar på en del teman och dessa teman var Definitioner, Möjligheter med användarmedverkan vid kravinsamling och Problem med användarmedverkan. Det gick däremot inte att dra generaliseringar från de andra tre teman. / This thesis is diving into the subject of user participation that is defined as “Users are participating and comes up with requirements, opinion and information regarding what should be in a already existing system in purpose of getting the system to fit their organization”. What the thesis explores is if it is possible to do generalizations from an earlier work that was done by Rosenquist and Curovac (2017) which they had problems with. The framing of the question is “What positive and negative impact does user participation have on gathering of requirements?”. The data that was collected from the practice was done with the qualitative method and qualitative interviews, to analyze the gathered data a deductive thematic analysis was done. This thesis does not take in consideration what impact user participation can have on other parts of system development for example design. This thesis does not explore any other perspective than the supplier, therefore it does not explore the user perspective of the matter.  The earlier thesis explores different themes that regards what positive and negative impact user participation has on gathering of requirements for standardized systems. These themes explore how the empiricism and the practice look at Definition (of Users, User Participation and Requirements), what Opportunities user participation has on gathering of requirements (Exact and precise requirements, Achieve the users expectations), Problems with user participation (Inadequate knowledge from the user, Time/Cost, Unreasonable requirements and Reluctant users), the possibility to Forsee the effect that user participation has on gathering of requirements, Find the correct users and what The users role is in the process of gathering requirements. This thesis presents a result with the help of the earlier study that was done by Rosenquist and Curovac (2017) that it is possible to do generalizations on some of the themes that was presented, and these themes were Definitions, Opportunities user participation has on gathering of requirements, Problems with user participation. It was not possible to do generalizations on the other three themes due to that too much data that contradicts each other.

The amount of connected Internet of Things devices has seen a large growth during the last couple of years and shows no signs of slowing down. Considering the momentum of the technological advancement in our society with new technologies such as blockchains, AI and machine learning, a large amount of issues could occur if not prevented beforehand, especially within security. Therefore this thesis will examine how to maintain the information security in an Internet of Things network based on blockchains and user participation, by taking an exploratory approach to create an understanding of the issues and possible solutions when implementing a network of this type. By using a case developed together with Luleå Kommun this thesis takes a qualitative approach to the research. This is done by using solutions to issues which appeared during the development of this implementation to draw a conclusion on how to maintain the information security in an Internet of Things network based on blockchains and user participation.

The internet-of-things is the relatively new and rapidly growing concept of connecting everyday devices to the internet. Every day more and more devices are added to the internet-of-things and it is not showing any signs of slowing down. In addition, advancements in new technologies such as blockchains, artificial intelligence, virtual reality and machine learning are made practically every day. However, there are still much to learn about these technologies. This thesis explores the possibilities of blockchain technology by applying it to an internet-of-things network based on user participation. More specifically, it is applied to a use case derived from Luleå Kommun’s wishes to easier keep track of how full the city’s trash cans are. The goal of the thesis is to learn more about how blockchains can help an internet-of-things network as well as what issues can arise. The method takes an exploratory approach to the problem by partaking in a workshop with Luleå Kommun and by performing a literature study. It also takes a qualitative approach by creating a proof-of-concept solution to experience the technology firsthand. The final proof-of-concept as well as issues that arose during the project are analysed with the help of information gathered and experience gained throughout the project. It is concluded that blockchain technology can help communication in an internet-of-things network based on user participation. However, there is still a lot more to learn and uncover in future research. / Internet-of-things är ett relativt nytt men snabbt växande koncept som handlar om att koppla upp vardagliga saker till internet. Varje dag kopplas mer och mer enheter upp och det visar inga tecken på att sakta ner. Det görs även framsteg inom andra nya teknologier som blockkedjor, artificiell intelligens, virtuell verklighet och maskininlärning i stort sett varje dag. Dock finns det fortfarande mycket att lära sig om dessa teknologier. Denna rapport utforskar blockkedjeteknologins möjligheter genom att applicera det på ett internet-of-things-nätverk baserat på användarmedverkan. Mer specifikt, det är applicerat på ett användningsfall grundat i Luleå Kommuns önskan att lättare hålla koll på hur fulla deras soptunnor i och runtom staden är. Målet med denna rapport är att lära sig mer om hur blockkedjor kan stödja ett internet-of-things-nätverk och utforska vilka problem som kan uppstå. Metoden tar en explorativ ansats till problemet genom att delta i en workshop tillsammans med Luleå Kommun och genomföra en litteraturstudie. Dessutom tas en kvalitativ ansats genom att skapa en prototyplösning för att få förstahandserfarenhet av teknologin. Den slutliga prototypen och problemen som uppstod under projektets gång är analyserade med hjälp av information och erfarenhet som samlats genom hela projektet. Sammanfattningsvis kan blockkedjeteknologi hjälpa till kommunikationen i ett internet-of-things-nätverk baserat på användarmedverkan. Dock finns det fortfarande mycket att lära sig om denna teknologi i framtida forskning.