In cope with continuing growth of network functionality and new protocols, we proposed a reconfigurable framework of common architectures and differentiated architectures for network communication. Existing protocol components and new protocol components can then be organized on such framework as selections. According to cost, performance, and functional requirements of network design, desirable general or specialized network communication systems can be prototyped quickly. In order to verify the reconfiguration capability, in this research, we selected the Internet and associated protocols as an example. On the framework, we constructed these protocol functions. According to design requirements, we can reconfigure desirable network designs and evaluate their performance.

165 f.:il / Submitted by JURANDI DE SOUZA SILVA (jssufba@hotmail.com) on 2013-03-15T14:16:06Z No. of bitstreams: 3 Tese Glaucio Xavier da Fonseca parte 3.pdf: 2681431 bytes, checksum: 3be95b1f2bc1c7d97f9089cdc855524b (MD5) Tese Glaucio Xavier da Fonseca parte 2.pdf: 7117198 bytes, checksum: b7d68803f2df27a815f7e893b58b5972 (MD5) Tese Glaucio Xavier da Fonseca parte 1.pdf: 681090 bytes, checksum: 06ab50a38a9b5f339ef02a9072af8216 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Meirelles(rodrigomei@ufba.br) on 2013-03-22T14:38:56Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 3 Tese Glaucio Xavier da Fonseca parte 3.pdf: 2681431 bytes, checksum: 3be95b1f2bc1c7d97f9089cdc855524b (MD5) Tese Glaucio Xavier da Fonseca parte 2.pdf: 7117198 bytes, checksum: b7d68803f2df27a815f7e893b58b5972 (MD5) Tese Glaucio Xavier da Fonseca parte 1.pdf: 681090 bytes, checksum: 06ab50a38a9b5f339ef02a9072af8216 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-03-22T14:38:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 Tese Glaucio Xavier da Fonseca parte 3.pdf: 2681431 bytes, checksum: 3be95b1f2bc1c7d97f9089cdc855524b (MD5) Tese Glaucio Xavier da Fonseca parte 2.pdf: 7117198 bytes, checksum: b7d68803f2df27a815f7e893b58b5972 (MD5) Tese Glaucio Xavier da Fonseca parte 1.pdf: 681090 bytes, checksum: 06ab50a38a9b5f339ef02a9072af8216 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Nesta tese é feita a análise comparativa entre a Sonata para Trompete e Piano, de José Alberto Kaplan, e obras do compositor alemão Paul Hindemith, com demonstração pormenorizada do processo intertextual utilizado por Kaplan. Discutese o ato interpretativo como um processo intertextual e analisam-se as dificuldades técnico-interpretativas do trompete nessa Sonata, bem como a complexidade dos aspectos expressivos no campo das manipulações dinâmicas e agógicas. Apresentam-se ainda recomendações práticas para superar as dificuldades técnicointerpretativas apontadas. / Salvador

This thesis presents the results of compositional and statistical analyses of Iron Age ironworking residues from sites in Scotland, England, Wales and France. As no framework for ferrous archaeometallurgy previously existed in the main research area of Scotland, a catalog of sites was compiled to determine where targeted scientific analyses could be of most use in creating a regional metallurgical profile. Fieldwork carried out at the site of Meunet Planches in France provided the non- British research component, as extant analyses matching this study’s temporal criteria were not available. A total of 80 new SEM-EDS samples were generated (58 from Scotland and 22 from France), and used together with existing site- and regional-level compositional studies to explore chemical behavior following the procedures laid out by Charlton (2007) and others. These included a range of multivariate statistical techniques such as Hierarchical Clustering Analysis (HCA), Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and Discriminant Analysis (DA). These approaches were considered within the wider discussion of smelting “systems” as defined by Dillmann and L’Heritier (2007), in an effort to visualize the relationship between compositional groups and parent geographic regions. Results indicate overall chemical homogeneity within and between the study regions, suggesting that the systems producing the slag were broadly similar in terms of their operation and reduction “efficiency”. This trend remains stable even when accounting for resource-based influence; implying that appreciable similarities existed between system operations (and therefore potentially human decisions) regardless of the size, age, or complexity of manufacturing industries. Deviation from this main compositional group, exhibited by only a handful of sites, seems to be similarly unrelated to temporal or geographic factors. Rather, it appears to follow the diffusion of slag between the two slag Optima identified by Rehren et al (2007), and on several of the outlier sites relates to the production of hypereutectoid steel.

<p>Component-based software development has emerged as a promising approach for developing complex software systems by composing smaller independently developed components into larger component assemblies. This approach offers means to increase software reuse, achieve higher flexibility and shorter time-to-market by the use of off-the-shelf components (COTS). However, the use of COTS in safety-critical system is highly unexplored.</p><p>This thesis addresses the problems appearing in component-based development of safety-critical systems. We aim at efficient reasoning about safety at system level while adding or replacing components. For safety-related reasoning it does not suffice to consider functioning components in their intended environments but also the behaviour of components in presence of single or multiple faults. Our contribution is a formal component model that includes the notion of a safety interface. It describes how the component behaves with respect to violation of a given system-level property in presence of faults in its environment. This approach also provides a link between formal analysis of components in safety-critical systems and the traditional engineering processes supported by model-based development.</p><p>We also present an algorithm for deriving safety interfaces given a particular safety property and fault modes for the component. The safety interface is then used in a method proposed for compositional reasoning about component assemblies. Instead of reasoning about the effect of faults on the composed system, we suggest analysis of fault tolerance through pair wise analysis based on safety interfaces.</p><p>The framework is demonstrated as a proof-of-concept in two case studies; a hydraulic system from the aerospace industry and an adaptive cruise controller from the automotive industry. The case studies have shown that a more efficient system-level safety analysis can be performed using the safety interfaces.</p>

Master of Science / Department of Biology / Brett K. Sandercock / The native grasslands of North America are highly fragmented, and remaining tracts are intensively managed for grazing. Loss of tallgrass prairie and changing land management practices has caused many grassland birds that rely on these areas for breeding to decline in population numbers. To investigate resource selection and area use requirements of the upland sandpiper, we outfitted birds with radio transmitters at the experimentally managed Konza Prairie Biological Station in northeast Kansas. Two logistical challenges for wildlife telemetry projects are: minimizing the impact of radios on survival and movement, and optimizing the duration of transmitter attachment. We compared 4 methods of radio attachment for upland sandpipers under field conditions at breeding sites in tallgrass prairie. The daily probabilities of radio retention (DRR) for our 4 attachment methods were: 0.9992 (SE = 0.0005, n = 85) for a leg loop harness, 0.9801 (SE = 0.0099, n = 11) for radios glued to clipped feathers, 0.9627 (SE = 0.0085, n = 25) for radios glued directly to feathers and 0.8538 (SE = 0.0322, n = 20) for radios glued to plucked skin. The expected duration of radio attachment ranged from 1290 days for the leg loop harness, and 6 to 50 days for the glue attachment techniques. Survival rates of males (DSR = 0.9987, SE = 0.0009, n = 53) and females (DSR = 0.9988, SE = 0.0008, n = 71) were similar, and the probability of surviving the 90-day breeding season was about 0.90 in both sexes. We recommend attaching radios with glue to clipped feathers for short-term telemetry studies and a leg loop harness if longer retention is desired. The unique landscape of Konza Prairie allowed us to investigate specific tallgrass management strategies, and their impact on the range and habitat requirements of a bird that relies on the prairie for breeding. We found that upland sandpipers have large home ranges during the breeding season (male: = 199.0 ha ± 40.5 SE, n = 21, female: = 247.7 ha ± 51.7 SE, n = 23). Male home ranges were twice as large during brood-rearing ( = 200.8 ha ± 69.1 SE, n = 9) than during the nesting period ( = 67.02 ha ± 11.84 SE, n = 14, 1 = 5.14, P = 0.023). Upland sandpipers selected home range sites that had been burned the same spring (n = 44, ²3 = 31.65, P < 0.001), but did not show preference for certain habitat types within their home range ( ²3 = 1.49, P = 0.685). During brood rearing upland sandpipers used sites with higher percentages of bare ground, herbaceous and short woody vegetation, and low amounts of vegetative litter. Management strategies for the upland sandpiper should seek to preserve large contiguous tracts of tallgrass prairie that receive a heterogeneous mix of burning and grazing.

No description available.

This study assessed ways compositional analysis, facilitated by portable X-ray fluorescence technology (PXRF), can be applied in the museum setting to resolve provenance issues and other collections management questions. A major segment of the study evaluated PXRF as a non-invasive geochemical analysis technique to address concerns about whether the resolution of results is sufficient to draw meaningful conclusions. Compositional analysis, mainly facilitated by PXRF, was successfully applied to three clay artifact collections from the southwestern United States. Pottery sherds from Fourmile Ruin were analyzed using PXRF and compared to analyses from invasive wavelength-dispersive XRF and X-ray diffraction techniques. Expanding the data associated with the artifacts increases the collection's research value. The results of hierarchical clustering suggest further compositional analysis of Fourmile Ruin ceramics to verify this study's conclusions and evaluate current assumptions regarding where certain wares are produced. The iconic Pilling figurine collection was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and PXRF to evaluate the authenticity of a figurine that had been returned after being lost for forty years. The geochemical tests confirmed the results from the basketry-imprint analysis that the returned figurine was the missing figurine, allowing the museum to restore the artifact's provenance. A pot being offered as a potential donation was analyzed using PXRF to evaluate if there was evidence of forgery or previous repair and help the museum decide whether or not to accept the donation. The study concluded the vessel has not been constructed or partially reconstructed using plaster of Paris. If the vessel has been constructed or partially reconstructed using pieced-together pottery sherds, they all came from a similar clay source. Based on these results, the museum decided to accept the pot as a donation. This study demonstrates the viability of PXRF as a useful geochemical research technique, particularly in cases where higher resolution invasive and destructive analysis techniques are not permitted. It establishes that PXRF can be used to authenticate and restore provenance both within a collection of objects and within a single object. Compositional analysis facilitated by PXRF can be a valuable tool in museum collections management and research.

Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) gum (FG) is a material with many potential food and non-food applications. Consistent performance is critical for FG utilization and this is possible through selection of genotype, characterization and optimization of constituents, and chemical modification. Physico-chemical and functional properties of FG aqueous solutions from six Canadian flaxseed cultivars were investigated. FG yield, carbohydrate composition, protein content, and zeta potential (ζ) varied among these cultivars. FG solution properties were also affected by temperature, solution pH, NaCl concentration, and sucrose concentration. Detailed studies were conducted on CDC Bethune FG (FGB) proteins that were separated by 2D-gel electrophoresis. Conlinin was identified as the major protein. Protease treatment decreased FGB solution emulsification properties suggesting that conlinin might enhance emulsification. Formation of BSA-FGB coacervates was monitored by turbidimetric analysis as a function of solution pH, biopolymer mixing ratio, NaCl and urea. Coacervates were stabilized primarily by attractive electrostatic forces and secondarily by hydrogen bonds. Further, anionic carboxymethyl ether moieties were introduced to FGB structure through ether forming reactions using monochloroacetic acid (MCA) to produce products with uniform properties. The highest degree of substitution (DS) was obtained at 70 °C, 7.0 M NaOH, and a molar ratio of MCA to FGB of 10:1 over 3 h. Carboxymethylated FGB (CMFG) exhibited both modified surface morphology and thermal behaviour. Solutions of CMFG demonstrated shear-thinning behaviour and apparent viscosity decreased with increased DS. A more liquid-like flow behaviour was observed for CMFG as DS increased. Findings here will introduce and expand FG applications in food or related fields with targeted performance.

Existing research on the foraging ecology and breeding biology of blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus) and great tits(Parus major) has mainly concentrated on populations in woodland. However increasing urbanisation means much of the suitable tit habitat is represented by fragmented areas, not large woodlands, and little is known about factors that may affect reproductive success in urban environments. Using General and Generalised Linear Models this study compared reproductive performance in four habitat types with differing levels of habitat modification: the Cambridge University Botanic Garden (CUBG) with an abundance of non-native vegetation and structural fragmentation, two marginal sites with native scrubby vegetation and structural fragmentation and small fragments and large fragments of native woodland. Compositional analysis was used in a study focused on how foraging blue tits used the heterogeneous habitat of the CUBG. Additionally frequency tests were used to compare foraging preferences and foraging behaviours of both species in the CUBG. Productivity was poor in the CUBG compared to all of the other habitats, with great tits appearing to do worse than blue tits, rearing lower quality chicks (significantly lower mean mass than in other habitats). Within the CUBG, positive relationships were found between the abundance of native trees and shrubs and breeding success for both blue tits and great tits. A positive relationship was found between breeding success in blue tits and the abundance of Quercus and Betula. However, habitat and year interactions showed that habitat and reproductive relationships were complicated by annual variation. The two species differed in their foraging preferences in the CUBG; blue tits were observed feeding in native deciduous trees significantly more than in non-native species and had a preference for birch trees over other taxa. Great tits however showed no strong preferences for any of the habitat types. With regards to foraging behaviours, great tits used a wider range of foraging heights and different foraging locations and capture techniques than blue tits. Blue tits were observed‘hanging’ from twigs more frequently, and appeared to be more effective at foraging in the wider variety of plants available in the heterogeneous vegetation of the garden. The data presented in this thesis suggest that blue tits have adopted a better foraging strategy by preferentially choosing native deciduous trees over the abundance of non-natives available in the CUBG. However, despite the apparent better foraging strategy of blue tits, reproductive performance of both species is poor in this urban garden compared to marginal sites and woodland. Urbanisation and the associated loss of optimal tit habitat are likely to continue. It is therefore important to offset urbanisation by the addition of appropriate foraging habitats that are likely to improve reproductive success, such as native trees and shrubs.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / O Cajueiro (Anacardium occidentale L.) à uma planta com uma grande importÃncia social e econÃmica no Nordeste do Brasil. O bagaÃo do pedÃnculo do caju à uma das maiores fontes de resÃduos (90-94%) produzidos pela indÃstria cajueira. Neste estudo, foram preparadas cinzas do bagaÃo e submetidas à anÃlise da composiÃÃo e a testes de atividade antifÃngica in vitro contra espÃcies de Fusarium. Esta anÃlise indicou uma cristalinidade em torno de 73%, correspondendo Ãs seguintes fases solÃveis: carbonato Ãcido de potÃssio - KHCO3 (39,54%), sulfato de potÃssio - K2SO4 (24,87%), e estruvita-K - MgKPO4 â 6H2O (8,59%). As fases amorfas (cerca de 27%) foram identificadas como a fraÃÃo insolÃvel de cinzas. A soluÃÃo apresentou alta atividade antifÃngica contra F. oxysporum, F. moniliforme e F. lateritium. Sua aÃÃo foi maior do que o Cercobin (tiofanato metÃlico), indicando uma possÃvel utilizaÃÃo como um agente antifÃngico nÃo tÃxico. / Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) is a plant with a highly social and economic importance in Northeast Brazil. Cashew peduncle bagasse is one of the greatest sources of residues (90â94%) produced by the cashew agronomic industry. In this study, we prepared cashew peduncle bagasse ashes and submitted them to compositional analysis and tests for antifungal activity in vitro against Fusarium species. This analysis indicated a crystallinity around 73%, corresponding to the following soluble phases: acid potassium carbonate- KHCO3 (39.54%), potassium sulfate - K2SO4 (24.87%), and struvite-K - MgKPO4Â6H2O (8.59%). The amorphous phases (around 27%) were identified as the insoluble fraction of ashes. The solution showed high antifungal activity against F. oxysporum, F. moniliforme and F. lateritium. This activity of this product was greater than that of Cercobin (thiophanate-methyl), indicating a possible use of this material as a non-toxic antifungal agent.