Wetland, one of the three major ecosystems on earth, can prevent flood, purify water quality and provide habitat for wildlife; also protects the shore line from erosion, and has many other functions and values. Owing to the economic development and the rapid population growth, the land resource has being inadequate to meet all demands. Thus, coastal wetlands have become the target of development. This tendency causes reduction and fragmentary of wetlands, degradation of ecosystem and depletion of ecological resources. To avoid the improper development on the wetland, it is necessary to integrate considerations over the social economy, ecosystem, and management strategy. Based on the unique feature of the wetland, it is therefore possible to effectively manage the wetland resources for achieving the goal of sustainable development. This study explores the group model building approach which design for the discussion of the various potential effects of the yacht industry park may have on Cheting Wetland. Participants of stakeholders in Cheting had met several times and the structured debates had been organized with them in order to promote the emergence of a consensual view of the main issues and their implications. And then, a system dynamic model was built to evaluate the development in the wetlands zone. The authentic results of the policies and scenario analyses inspected the effectiveness of the designate plans for Cheting Wetland development. Particular Wetland Zone, Artificial Floating Island and In Lieu Fee were adopted as management strategies in Cheting Wetland Zone case. The study concludes that: under single-policy condition, implementation of Particular Wetland Zone is the best management strategy; while under the multi-policy conditions, the combination of Wetland Zone and Artificial Floating Island would have the best managerial performance. Additional benefits of the GMB study include: (1) providing stakeholders with information and knowledge to understand the behavior of wetland environment system; (2) A revealing gap between system behavior patterns and participants¡¦ mental model. Both achievements will further promote the participants to introspect and to improve their mental model, eventually help the whole community to reach consensus about wetland management.

Due to the progress of display manufacturing technology, TFT-LCD (Thin Film Transistor-Liquid Crystal Display) has been widely put in use gradually such as monitor¡Blaptop and LCD TV. We also can find TFT-LCD that has already entered the market of the consuming products from IT (Information Technology). And the competition of the panel industry, besides manufacturing technologies, the dynamic demands of upstream, downstream and consumers are related that will effect the performance of panel markers or whole supply chain. Which is called bullwhip effect. Especially, the configuration is vertical partition in Taiwan and the buffwhip effect would be more significant than other countries. This paper discusses the key factors of bullwhip effect and them constructs the system dynamic models to explore the difference. Finally, we will analyze the TFT-LCD members of Taiwan to figure out the decision rules to decrease bullwhip effect.

Com a globalização e necessidade de aumento de competitividade, as empresas preocupam-se cada vez mais com seus desempenhos. Muito se discutiu sobre a necessidade de um relacionamento mais profundo entre os elos da cadeia de suprimentos para a melhoria global. A administração integrada de estoques surge como um dos pontos centrais desta visão, mas nem sempre é feita dentro das práticas defendidas. Assim, este trabalho procura verificar o comportamento dos estoques de matérias-primas através do uso de dinâmica de sistemas, utilizando-se uma empresa de manufatura pertencente às cadeias automobilística e eletro-eletrônica. O método de pesquisa foi hipotético-dedutivo, com abordagem qualitativa e o procedimento foi o de estudo de caso único. As técnicas foram entrevistas semi-estruturadas e observação direta. Com a revisão bibliográfica e dados empíricos, criou-se um modelo que permite verificar a interação entre as diversas variáveis que afetam o comportamento do estoque e verificar seu desempenho através de medidas pré-estabelecidas. / With the globalization and need of increase of competitiveness, the companies worry more and more about their acting. It was discussed a lot about the need of a deeper relationship among the links of the supply chains for the global improvement. The integrated administration of inventories appears as one of the central points of this vision, but not always it is done inside of the protected practices. Like this, this work search to verify the behavior of the stocks of raw materials through the use of dynamics of systems, being used a manufacture company belonging to the automobile and electro-electronic chains. The research method was hypothetical-deductive, with qualitative approach and the procedure was it of study of only case. The techniques form semi-structured interviews and direct observation. With the bibliographical revision and empiric data, he/she grew up a model to allow to verify the interaction among the several variables that affect the behavior of the stock and to verify its acting through pre-established measures.

Abstract This study concludes the position feedback from discussing about the trend of the evolution of flat panel display ¡]FPD¡^technology by using the path dependence theory. Based on this theory, the research on the valuation curve of application forms the model of valuable development. Therefore, the position feedback of FPD technology is established according to the system dynamic theory. The key factors of position feedback are defined as below: ¡]1¡^The ages of digital TV, ¡]2¡^Light¡Bthin¡Bshort¡Bsmall¡Brapid ¡]3¡^ Good quality of CRT¡]4¡^Low cost¡]5¡^Market scale¡K etc.. It explains the character of every key factor of path dependence for FPD. In accordance with the application of valuation curve, FPD is classified into six types¡GLCD¡BPDP¡BLCOS¡BDLP¡BFED and OLED. The classification is also based on JPRI(Japan picture research institute) standard¡G ¡]1¡^the way of luminescence¡]2¡^ the size of screen¡]3¡^ the outward appearance¡]4¡^ weight¡]5¡^ Brightness¡]6¡^ Contrast Ratio¡]7¡^ View Angle¡]8¡^ Resolution¡]9¡^ response time¡]10¡^ consume power¡]11¡^ life time¡]12¡^ flexibility¡]13¡^ product application scope etc. Use the weighted index method to calculate the sum of valuation for six types of FPD technology. Drawing a valuation curve by weighted index¡]Y axis¡^ and time table(X axis). The conclusions of this study are as follows: 1. FPD technology has the obvious tendency of the path dependence. 2. By the path dependence theory, the technology of FED and OLED have potential for replacing the LCD-TFT technology. The conclusions above are significant to the management in the following prospects. 1.The mode of position feedback of high technology industry will have many references for the developmental path of industry. 2.Based on Taiwan¡¦s photo-electric industry, it is necessary to penetrate the tendency of Japan¡¦s research in order to promote the FPD industry in Taiwan. Key word¡Gpath dependence¡Bsystem dynamic theory¡Bflat panel display

Following the economy growth and commercial and industrial development, the rivers in Taiwan have suffered the environmental degradation due to the overwhelming pollution from domestic and industrial sewage. Recent environmental awareness from the citizen has turned the once ignored issues of pollution mitigation and ecological restoration into the public attention. Traditionally, resort to engineering efforts is always the first priority in dealing with river pollution problem. Nevertheless, treated as the integrated system, the nature of the problem should involve many aspects including social, economic, ecological, environmental, and engineering factors. Meanwhile, the special feature of time-dependent state has also made such system a dynamic and complex problem. It is therefore the current research employs the approach from integrated assessment trying to aggregate related studies and tackling the problem as a complete system. System dynamic, which is capable of dealing with dynamic and complex problems, has been utilized as the simulation tool in this research. The result from computer simulation can be promptly generated, and various scenario analyses can be easily achieved by modifying the model parameters to support better decision-making. Love River wandering through the Kaohsiung metropolitan area is the research target. The system dynamic software STELLA has been used to construct the simulation model, which incorporates water quality model, population growth in the upstream of the watershed, land use variation due to the assumed regional development, diverse rainfall types, ecological assessment of the domestic fishes in the river, and cost-benefit of various pollution control strategies. The system dynamic models are thus able to evaluate the overall impact on the aquatic environment between various management scenarios. Two types of system dynamic models are constructed and verified accordingly to evaluate the impact of the designate gate operations and the sewage treatment strategies on aquatic environment. The simulation based on the gate operation model shows that keeping upper stream gates shut during the initial time span of a rainfall event would have the better effect to prolong the concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO) downs to the lethal concentration (LC50) for the local fish species. In the sewage treatment strategies model, the treatment cost and effect is the primary concern. The results identify the better extending strategy on the treatment plant, which is to use fortified primary treatment by adding disinfectant facilities. The other scenario of building constructed wetland system on the public park can improve water quality with good cost/effect ratio given the land acquisition is not an issue. Keyword¡GIntegrated Assessment, System Dynamic, Sustainable River Aquatic Environment

Mathematical model-building is one kind of mathematical thinking, which uses mathematical signs and methods to build a mathematical tool which can describe and solve practical problem. However, System Dynamic is to solve complicated non-linear dynamic problem. It uses the model-building software of diagram interface to make dynamic simulation. Behind the dynamic simulation is the calculation of a set of mathematical equation. The purpose of this research is , by the transition between Mathematics Model and System Dynamic Model, to discuss the mathematical principle of System Dynamic ,and to avoid distorting model and making the model validation harder due to the model-builder's misusing function. Using the conclusion of the transition will help validating the model and raising the reliability and the efficiency of the model. From the conclusion of this research, we find out that System Dynamic is non-linear dynamic mathematical model. Both are exchangeable. From the transition, we also find that the graph function used in the process of System Dynamic model-building is a piecewise-linear- approximate function. The numerical value setting of the graph function can influence the system action. After the transition from System Dynamic model to mathematical model, we can use some other mathematical software to draw the phase-plane-plot or phase-portrait-plot. It will analyze clearly the system action in any situation, and validate the correction of model construction.

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Com a globalização e necessidade de aumento de competitividade, as empresas preocupam-se cada vez mais com seus desempenhos. Muito se discutiu sobre a necessidade de um relacionamento mais profundo entre os elos da cadeia de suprimentos para a melhoria global. A administração integrada de estoques surge como um dos pontos centrais desta visão, mas nem sempre é feita dentro das práticas defendidas. Assim, este trabalho procura verificar o comportamento dos estoques de matérias-primas através do uso de dinâmica de sistemas, utilizando-se uma empresa de manufatura pertencente às cadeias automobilística e eletro-eletrônica. O método de pesquisa foi hipotético-dedutivo, com abordagem qualitativa e o procedimento foi o de estudo de caso único. As técnicas foram entrevistas semi-estruturadas e observação direta. Com a revisão bibliográfica e dados empíricos, criou-se um modelo que permite verificar a interação entre as diversas variáveis que afetam o comportamento do estoque e verificar seu desempenho através de medidas pré-estabelecidas. / With the globalization and need of increase of competitiveness, the companies worry more and more about their acting. It was discussed a lot about the need of a deeper relationship among the links of the supply chains for the global improvement. The integrated administration of inventories appears as one of the central points of this vision, but not always it is done inside of the protected practices. Like this, this work search to verify the behavior of the stocks of raw materials through the use of dynamics of systems, being used a manufacture company belonging to the automobile and electro-electronic chains. The research method was hypothetical-deductive, with qualitative approach and the procedure was it of study of only case. The techniques form semi-structured interviews and direct observation. With the bibliographical revision and empiric data, he/she grew up a model to allow to verify the interaction among the several variables that affect the behavior of the stock and to verify its acting through pre-established measures.

E-learning is increasingly adopted to support face-to-face classroom-based learning or implemented as a complete standalone learning system. Its inherent adaptable nature and ability to provide learning anywhere, everywhere and anytime makes it a versatile tool for access to basic, professional and higher education. This research proposes and develops an adaptable e-learning approach, focusing on the learner's requirement specification and negotiation of course with multiple providers to improve online learning. This addresses issues of inflexible learning model, narrow coverage of subject domains in existing systems and ineffective use of educational resources, using design research methodology (DRM). The proposed Intelligent Learning approach provides learning support by applying collaborative and deliberative capabilities of software agents to e-learning systems. Designated learning support agents negotiate with providers on behalf of the learner for courses, matching specified requirements. This is achieved through agent negotiation strategies, devising dynamic learning plans (DPLAN) and online learning contract (or EContract) between the system and a range of providers, to harness the changing needs of the learner, hence, providing an Adaptive Agent Learner Plan (ADALP) approach. It develops and applies a 'Basic Requirements Learning' model, addressing specific learning objectives, supported by a two way evaluation process that enforces learning flexibility, empowering learners and accommodating a wide spectrum of learning needs. Unlike traditional Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS), learning objectives are not fixed and are constituted dynamically from learner specifications. The ADALP approach provides multiple provider support options, generating learner feedback for goal oriented, but flexible learning. This deviates from the traditional 'top-down' approach, where instructors and designers create fixed models of different categories of learners and their needs. The prototype of multi-agent system (MAS) demonstrates contributions of the approach, applying Multi-issue-Negotiation and Contracting Courses with Multiple Providers; devising dynamic personalised learning plans and learning commitment (or e-contracts) between learners and providers. It implements designated agents which generate tasks and sub-tasks corresponding to the learners' goals and objectives; 'biding' for learning and tutoring resources from multiple providers to deliver on the derived tasks. Personalised learning plan aligned with online learning contract is generated for each learner based on the specified requirements and learning goals, as a result. It is argued that the ADALP approach empowers learners and improves on similar approaches, in comparison to existing adaptive learning systems.

Dynamic simulation of a large-scale electric power system involves solving a large number of differential algebraic equations (DAEs) every simulation time-step. With the ever-growing size and complexity of power grid, dynamic simulation becomes more and more time-consuming and computationally difficult using conventional sequential simulation techniques. This thesis presents a fully distributed approach intended for implementation on High Performance Computer (HPC) clusters. A novel, relaxation-based domain decomposition algorithm known as Parallel-General-Norton with Multiple-port Equivalent (PGNME) is proposed as the core technique of a two-stage decomposition approach to divide the overall dynamic simulation problem into a set of sub problems that can be solved concurrently. While the convergence property has traditionally been a concern for relaxation-based decomposition, an estimation mechanism based on multiple-port network equivalent is adopted as the preconditioner to enhance the convergence of the proposed algorithm. The algorithm is presented in detail and validated both in terms of accuracy and capability