The current paper is aimed at providing an overview of the current state of research regarding the potential of linking series of crimes to single offenders through repeated modus operandi behaviors. A systematic literature review was conducted to document findings from previous evaluation research as to the predictive accuracy of crime linkage specific to residential burglary. The findings indicate that predictions of linked burglaries can be made with moderate to high predictive accuracy. In order to get an understanding of the extent to which residential burglary offenders repeat their crime scene behaviors, the findings are discussed in relation to the criminological theories Routine activities theory and the Rational Choice perspective. Future research is suggested.

The increase of firearm-related violence has plagued Sweden, and specifically Malmö, for thirty years. This Systematic Literature Review gathered ten articles from different fields in order to discern the causes behind such an increase, the mechanisms of gun violence in a Swedish settings and the implications for Malmö on a criminological level. Results showed that a combination of factors such as the illegal importation of illicit firearms and the expansion of organized criminal groups in vulnerable territories were responsible for a shift of pattern in homicide. This change is preventing the police from properly solving homicide cases and the criminal justice system from prosecuting them. All in all, firearm violence is strongly related to gang activities in the three largest Swedish cities and the reason why Malmö is the most affected may be explained by the large number of clustered near-repeat shootings spread over three neighborhoods considered vulnerable. Actions have been taken though still require some analysis.

This century is characterized by an increasing pace of globalization and migration that results in an increased diversity of classroom populations in Western countries. However, the teacher workforce still consists mostly of white females that come from different cultural backgrounds than their students, and who seem to lack the skills to respond to diversity in the classroom effectively. This raises the question of how the cultural mismatch can be overcome. The aim of this research is to explore how pre-service teachers can develop culturally relevant pedagogy, so they can establish a classroom environment that suits the needs of all learners. A systematic literature review is conducted, and 10 articles were analysed. The results show pre-service teachers can develop culturally responsive pedagogy through courses that offer knowledge or a combination of knowledge and field-based experiences. Factors that contribute to increased culturally relevant pedagogy are: previous experience with diversity, connecting theory and practice, modelling, learning through a community of learners, and critical reflection. However, research indicates that becoming a culturally relevant teacher is a time consuming process. Hence, it is recommended that teacher education programs include more courses in the curriculum to enable pre-service teachers develop this skill over time through taking part in a community of learners. In addition, as much of the current research originates from the United States, it is suggested future research focuses on other Western countries.

In recent years, the consumption of clothes has increased extensively due to diminishing quality and low prices of garments along with ever-faster changing fashion trends. The linear business model results in products with a short lifespan and clutter of idle goods. With the growing awareness of environmental and social impact among the consumers; alternative business models (rental/lease, swap, resale) designed to intensify the utilization of clothes and enable sharing activities and collaborative consumption are emerging. However, the market share of these models is still low. This study aims to understand what are the barriers that hurdle; motivations that drive consumers’ adoption to collaborative fashion consumption; and how companies create and configure values to encourage consumers to partake in these innovative business models. Through a systematic literature review of 41 peer-reviewed articles, we found that the drivers for consumers towards collaborative consumption models are steered by economic factors, emotional factors, social factors, and sustainability values. While consumer barriers are namely, financial risk, arrangement, performance risk, social risk, psychological risk/lack of ownership, and lack of trust and information. It was also discovered that the collaborative fashion consumption models, in particular, rental/lease, swap, and resale are different in nature. Finally, we analyzed the existing literature and identified how companies can create, configure and capture values in these business models. This study is one of the very few to explore the interrelationship of the consumer-related drivers and barriers and business perspective. This paper can contribute relevant knowledge to academia as well as to the fashion industry.

The aim of the present study was to give a systematic overview of research literature on how bilingual and plurilingual EFL learners at secondary and tertiary education acquire/learn English. By searching three databases, nine peer-reviewed articles were chosen, categorised and analysed. The results indicated that multilinguals use learning strategies, as well as using certain languages for different contexts and tasks. Proficiency might also affect when their languages were used, since proficiency influenced learning strategies. To improve the Swedish EFL education for multilinguals, teachers need to help their pupils to become aware of their own learning by reflecting and thinking about their language production. Teachers need to provide instructions to pupils of how to improve their metacognition, thus becoming more autonomous learners. For multilinguals to achieve this, translanguaging is an important part of EFL education. This means that the teacher-education also needs to educate teachers on how to instruct others in metacognition and other learning strategies. Further investigations concerning both the teachers’ perspective and additional research into multilinguals’ EFL learning are needed.

Various findings indicate that children of parents with intellectual disabilities have a higher risk for various difficulties, but only few studies interview children for an account of their experiences. This study aimed at assessing how children of parents with intellectual disabilities reflected their upbringing and their everyday life regarding their parent’s disability. Eight studies were identified through a systematic literature review, with publication ranging from 1985 to 2017. Results show that the accounts contain both positive and negative experiences and reflect an ambivalent relationship towards the parents. The small population of the analyzed studies, as well as differences in the context and the method of the studies, allowed no general conclusions to be drawn. Further research is required to allow an evaluation of the experiences of children of parents with intellectual disabilities in a bigger context.

There is growing interest in the concept of digital twins (DTs) among software engineers and researchers. As an emerging topic, DTs are a promising paradigm to enhance the predictability, safety, and reliability of cyber-physical systems in different domains. Despite the increasing trend, it is continually challenging to decide the best approach to implement DTs. Moreover, to the best of the author's knowledge, it was found that there is a lack of conducted research and no systematic reviews on DTs in the transportation industry, especially in the area of railway systems. Therefore, following the systematic literature review method, this thesis work has identified 363 articles in four digital libraries, of which 60 primary articles were included to address three research questions. The review shows that most of the reviewed articles focus on the railway subarea maintenance and inspection, the DT enabling technology artificial intelligence is the most coupled technology. An in-depth analysis found that most of the articles apply machine learning algorithms and techniques in DTs to detect faults, predict failures, make automated decisions, and monitor health status to optimize railway systems. It was also found that interoperability is the most discussed challenge, where the difficulty is to transmit operational data in real-time and also achieve real-time decision making. Furthermore, the analysis shows several opportunities and advantages of DTs, such as reducing maintenance costs and the positive contribution to a reduction in freight transport by road. Finally, based on the findings of the conducted review, a guideline to support the design of a DT for predictive maintenance in railways in the form of a flowchart is presented and explained.

Blockchain technology has gained significant interest during the previous years and, to some extent, is accredited as a universal solution to enabling online transactions between unknown parties without the need for a central authority. However, as we have yet to see widespread blockchain adoption in government or industrial settings, the question arises: What are the technical challenges hindering blockchain adoption? To this end, a systematic literature review is conducted on 29 academic papers researching software engineering challenges in blockchaintechnology. Initially, the papers are inductively analysed to elucidate and identify the challenges frequently discussed in academic literature. Furthermore, a theoretical framework is produced by drawing from the models mainly used in traditional software development, followed by deductive analysis to map out the software engineering activities related to the challenges. Twenty-four challenges are identified, with 12 relating to smart contracts, 11 to blockchain, and 1 to decentralised applications. The most frequently addressed software engineering activity is design, followed by testing.

As our society becomes more dependent on different types of software systems, it is vital that they operate normally under all types of stress. System resilience is a growing subject within computer science and the tech industry. Resilience can be defined as the persistence of dependability when facing change, for example against failures and attacks. During the last few years, a lot of research has been done investigating how to engineer a resilient system, but there seems to be no work reviewing how to actually measure resilience in a software system. By conducting a systematic literature review (SLR) this thesis aims to identify and evaluate different types of methods and metrics to measure system resilience.

Software engineers and researchers in the field are constantly developing new technologies to manage the complexity of current software systems. There is an increasing need for mechanisms that can deal with dynamics in the systems' environment, goals, and requirements. Self-adaptive software systems are a solution to manage the complexity caused by dynamics or runtime variations. Software reuse is a classical solution to deal with complexity and increase the quality of a system in a systematic and efficient way. Despite the large amount of research on self-adaptation, no systematic study has been found, which surveys and reports the application of reuse methods and techniques for the development of self-adaptive software systems. A systematic analysis of reuse methods and techniques for the development of self-adaptive systems is interesting as it provides useful insights for researchers and practitioners in the self-adaptive area. This study systematically reviews relevant research work published between the years 2000 and 2020 at eight well-known venues on self-adaptation and software engineering. By following the systematic literature review method, 97 studies were reviewed and 40 primary studies identified for addressing the research questions. The main objectives of the review are 1) to collect and analyse the reuse-based methods studied and applied for the design and development of self-adaptive software systems, 2) analyse the challenges in the application of reuse-based methods for the development of self-adaptive software systems. The review shows that most of the analysed studies support reuse with component-based software engineering. The primary studies propose different reuse-based methods to allow faster and simpler development of self-adaptive systems. Furthermore, the analysis shows that the reviewed studies report several challenges related to the configuration process, design, performance and uncertainty in the application of reuse methods for the development of self-adaptive systems.