A presente pesquisa, tipo descritivo, objetivou descrever o sistema de utilização de medicamentos em dois hospitais situados na cidade de Recife-PE. Com essa finalidade, buscou-se caracterizar a estrutura do sistema de medicação, descrever o processo de medicação e analisar os resultados sob a perspectiva do paciente e dos profissionais de enfermagem sobre o sistema. Para tanto, a população foi composta por 14 médicos, 14 enfermeiros, 22 farmacêuticos, 30 auxiliares de farmácia, 50 auxiliares de enfermagem, 63 pacientes e 372 folhas de prescrição de medicamentos e evolução de enfermagem. As técnicas utilizadas para coleta de dados foram a observação não participante e a entrevista, por meio de roteiros estruturados. Os resultados revelaram que, na estrutura, os ambientes do preparo de medicamentos se encontraram em discordância com a legislação vigente; os recursos materiais para o preparo e administração dos medicamentos precisam ser revisados e ajustados de modo a suprirem as necessidades do serviço e oferecerem mais segurança aos pacientes; os recursos humanos da farmácia e da enfermagem precisam ser dimensionados. Foi observado que os recursos humanos de nível médio não receberam treinamento e nem foram reciclados, nos últimos cinco anos, sobre o tema medicamentos. Na análise do processo foi observado o conteúdo das prescrições e constatou-se que nelas faltavam informações importantes sobre as especificações dos medicamentos. Quanto ao processo de preparo e administração dos medicamentos revelaram pontos críticos nos dois hospitais. Apesar do sistema ter apresentado esses aspectos que comprometem a qualidade da assistência, na opinião de 70% dos pacientes no Hospital 1 e 52,4% do Hospital 2, o sistema foi considerado bom e na opinião de 44% dos profissionais de enfermagem do Hospital 1 e 53,3% do Hospital 2 o consideraram regular. Diante dos resultados apresentados para se atingir a qualidade no sistema de medicação, mudanças são necessárias em termos da política dos recursos humanos e do incremento da educação continuada. / The present descriptive research had the goal of describing the medication –use utilization system in two teaching hospitals located in the city of Recife – State of Pernambuco. With this aim, it was sought to characterize the structure of the medication system, describe the medication process, and analyze the results under the perspective of both patient and nursing professionals about the system. In order to do this, the population was composed of 14 doctors, 14 nurses, 22 pharmacists, 30 pharmacy auxiliaries, 50 nursing auxiliaries, 63 patients, and 372 medication prescription and nursing evolution sheets. The techniques used for data collection were non-participating observation and interview by means of structured questionnaires. The results showed that, within the structure, the environments for medication preparation are in disagreement with current legislation; material resources for the preparation and administration of medication must be reviewed and adjusted in a way to meet the needs of this service and offer greater safety to patients; human resources of both pharmacy and nursing must be better dimensioned. It was observed that the medium level human resources did not receive training and have not been recycled in the last five years regarding the theme of medications. In the analysis of the medication process, in regards to the content of the prescription, it was observed that the prescriptions lacked important information about the specifications of the medications. In regards to the process of preparation and administration of medications, critical points were revealed in both hospitals. Among these, special attention is drawn to the deficiency in washing hands and infusion lines during the administration of more than one medication. Despite the system having presented such aspects that compromise the quality of assistance, in the opinion of 70% of patients in Hospital 1 and 52.4% of patients in Hospital 2 the system was considered to be good, and 44% of the nursing professions of Hospital 1 and 53.3% of Hospital 2 considered the system medium. In view of the presented results, in order to achieve the quality in the medication system, there is a need for changes in terms of policy of human resources, and an increase of continuing education

Orientador: Celso Pascoli Bottura / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T02:56:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_MarcusPantojada_M.pdf: 634546 bytes, checksum: 9c15ab5bd5cf1715bf9313a7d802d180 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo:Este trabalho propõe uma metodologia para o controle robusto descentralizado de sistemas não lineares com incertezas variantes no tempo limitadas em norma utilizando um procedimento alternativo ao S-Procedure proposto por Yakubovich. Com base em nosso procedimento, desenvolvemos também uma metodologia de projeto de observadores robustos descentralizados para uma classe de sistemas não lineares variantes no tempo limitados em norma. Com o estado estimado pelo observador descentralizado projetamos um controlador descentralizado por realimentação de saída que estabiliza o sistema. Outro problema que é resolvido nesse trabalho é o projeto de controlador robusto H1 descentralizado para uma classe de sistemas não lineares variantes no tempo limitados em norma sujeitos a distúrbios externos. Exemplos que ilustram aplicações das metodologias propostas são apresentados / Abstract: This work proposes a methodology for decentralized robust control of nonlinear systems with time-varying uncertainties norm bounded using an alternative procedure to the S-Procedure proposed by Yakubovich. Based on our procedure a decentralized robust observer design methodology for a class of time-varying norm bounded nonlinear systems is also developed. With the state estimated by the decentralized observer we design an output feedback decentralized controller that stabilizes the system. Another problem that is solved in this work is the design of a decentralized H1 robust controller for a class of time-varying norm bounded nonlinear systems subject to external disturbances. Examples illustrating the application of the proposed methodologies are presented / Mestrado / Automação / Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica

It is within the realm of the international civil society that religions play out their important public roles as charities and advocacy organizations in globalization. World governance models in the post-Cold War era stress the important role that civil society plays in building and sustaining democracy. Indeed, the participation of the Catholic Church in the "third wave of democratization" confirms this. Yet, twenty-five years after the collapse of international socialism, problems with American-led models of development have come to the fore in glaring ways. Growing wealth inequality and what Gayatri Spivak calls "sustainable underdevelopment" are the norm, and these problems highlight the dangers and instability of liberal economic policies. Religious organizations, and proponents of the Catholic social tradition in particular, have been the strongest voices for advocating social justice and advancing policies that pursue "the common good." Both working to alleviate poverty as charities ([i]NGOs and FBOs) and using their voices as a "public religion" (José Casanova) in civil society, Catholic institutions navigate the historically constructed and contingent boundaries among the three spheres of the state, the market, and civil society. Studying this interplay has provided fruitful theories deconstructing the religious/secular binary. In light of these theories, this thesis applies the critique of liberalism supplied by world-systems analysis to the development of Catholic social thought, in the process highlighting a complex history of complicity and dissent with U.S. liberalism's unfolding hegemony. In circulating Catholic social thought through the economic focused paradigm of world-systems analysis, I explore the possibilities of seeing religion and globalization outside a culturally focused framework. How the social magisterium is responding to the problems of economic globalization in an increasingly unstable world will affect its future legitimacy. I explore where the Church has been and its capacity to be a continuingly proactive force for "social justice" and "the common good."

Please read the abstract in the section 00front of this document / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Geology / MSc / Unrestricted

No description available.

Municipal sewage sludge (MSS) management varies widely between countries and legislative regimes. Within the European directive for sewage treatment France applies over half of MSS to arable land, while The Netherlands has banned the practice (Kelessidis et al, 2012). In Sweden, 34% of MSS is applied to agricultural lands; despite this, ocial government reports recommend banning the practice over pollution concerns, alongside the most common alternative of land reclamation (Ekane et al, 2020). This is the result of two decades of disagreement, complicated by dual perceptions of MSS as a valuable resource to be returned to the ecocycle vs an unsanitary waste product requiring careful disposal (Ekman Burgman, 2022).  Previous studies have analyzed novel treatment technologies including multiple forms of phosphorus and nitrogen extraction from various stages of MSS treatment, but holistic system analyses are scarce (Bagheri et al 2023). Based on literature review and emerging technologies in Sweden, hydrothermal carbonisation (HTC) is identified as a keystone technology, and can be supported by secondary treatment via nitrogen stripping and phosphorus extraction from liquid and ash waste streams respectively. HTC is an anaerobic thermal treatment of wet organic waste resulting in solid hydrochar and liquid process water products. To address the lack of holistic assessments, an environmental and techno-economic assessment framework (ETEA) is applied to model three MSS treatment scenarios. Each scenario models treatment of MSS by anaerobic digestion (AD) and mechanical dewatering of digested sludge followed by:  REF: A reference case of storage and arable land application of dewatered digested sludge (DDS)  ALT1: DDS treatment by Oxypower HTC with Aqua2N nitrogen recovery from process and reject water.  ALT2: The treatment described by ALT1, followed by hydrochar mono-incineration and Ash2Phos phosphorus extraction.  ETEA is conducted in four stages using data collected from literature and public and private partners. Qualitative and quantitative process flow mapping defines the scenarios and models material and energy flows through the systems. An attributional comparative life cycle assessment (LCA) alongside techno-economic analysis (TEA) follows. The LCA has a gate to grave scope with a functional unit of one ton of total solids treated. Finally, results are evaluated using sensitivity and data uncertainty analysis to identify hotspots and knowledge gaps in the system.  Results combining alternative scenarios based on current trends show the potential of emerging technologies to multiply WWTP nitrogen and phosphorus recovery by five and two times respectively, while simultaneously improving net energy recovery by three times. LCA results show reductions of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by between 60-70%. Considering emerging MSS technologies from a systems perspective provides critical context that can improve their economic viability. Combining intelligent systems design with these technologies, the models demonstrate how future MSS treatment can provide both good sanitation and recovery of nutrient and energy resources. Integration of these systems will accelerate the transition from wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) to water resource recovery facilities (WRRF). / Hanteringen av kommunalt avloppsslam (MSS) varierar kraftigt mellan länder och lagstiftande regimer. Inom det europeiska direktivet för avloppsrening tillämpar Frankrike över hälften av MSS på åkermark, medan Nederländerna har förbjudit detta (Kelessisdis et al, 2012). I Sverige tillämpas 34 % av MSS på jordbruksmark; Trots detta rekommenderar ociella regeringsrapporter att man förbjuder praxis på grund av föroreningsproblem, vid sidan av det vanligaste alternativet med landåtervinning (Ekane et al, 2020). Detta är resultatet av två decennier av oenighet, komplicerat av dubbla uppfattningar om MSS som en värdefull resurs som ska återföras till kretsloppet jämfört med en ohälsosam avfallsprodukt som kräver noggrann hantering (Ekman Burgman, 2022).  Tidigare studier har analyserat nya reningstekniker inklusive flera former av fosfor- och kväveextraktion från olika stadier av MSS-behandling, men holistiska systemanalyser är få (Bagheri et al 2023). Baserat på litteraturgenomgång och framväxande teknologier i Sverige, identifieras hydrotermisk karbonisering (HTC) som en nyckelstensteknik, och kan stödjas av sekundär rening via kvävestrimning och fosforextraktion från flytande respektive askavfallsströmmar. HTC är en anaerob termisk behandling av vått organiskt avfall som resulterar i fast hydrochar och flytande processvattenprodukter. För att komma till rätta med bristen på holistiska bedömningar, tillämpas ett ramverk för miljö- och teknikekonomisk bedömning (ETEA) för att modellera tre MSS-behandlingsscenarier. Varje scenario modellerar behandling av MSS genom anaerob rötning (AD) och mekanisk avvattning av rötslam följt av:  REF: Ett referensfall av lagring och applicering av åkermark av avvattnat rötslam (DDS)  ALT1: DDS-behandling av Oxypower HTC med Aqua2N kväveåtervinning från process- och rejektvatten.  Behandlingen som beskrivs av ALT1, följt av monoförbränning av kolväte och fosforextraktion av Ash2Phos.  ETEA genomförs i fyra steg med hjälp av data som samlats in från litteratur och oentliga och privata partners. Kvalitativ och kvantitativ processflödeskartläggning definierar scenarierna och modellerar material- och energiflöden genom systemen. En attributionell jämförande livscykelanalys (LCA) tillsammans med teknisk-ekonomisk analys (TEA) följer. LCA har en grind till graven omfattning med en funktionell enhet på ett ton av totalt behandlat fast material. Slutligen utvärderas resultaten med hjälp av känslighets- och dataosäkerhetsanalys för att identifiera hotspots och kunskapsluckor i systemet.  Resultat som kombinerar alternativa scenarier baserade på nuvarande trender visar potentialen hos framväxande teknologier för att multiplicera reningsverkens kväve- och fosforåtervinning med fem respektive två gånger, samtidigt som nettoenergiåtervinningen förbättras med tre gånger. LCA-resultat visar minskningar av växthusgasutsläpp (GHG) med mellan 60-70%. Att överväga framväxande MSS-teknologier ur ett systemperspektiv ger ett kritiskt sammanhang som kan förbättra deras ekonomiska bärkraft. Genom att kombinera intelligent systemdesign med dessa teknologier visar modellerna hur framtida MSS-behandling kan ge både bra sanitet och återvinning av närings- och energiresurser. Integration av dessa system kommer att påskynda övergången från reningsverk för avloppsvatten (WWTP) till anläggningar för återvinning av vattenresurser (WRRF).

In order to deal with the mounting issue of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) in a way that is in line with sustainable development and Integrated Solid Waste Management (ISWM) a systems approach is necessary.This approach can practically be integrated into the MSW decision-making process through Life Cycle Thinking(LCT) and environmental systems analysis tools such as Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). This paper is written within the context of the RECO Baltic 21 Tech (RB21T) project which aims to improve waste management practices in 12 countries in the Baltic Sea Region. The main aim of this paper is to investigate the extent to which LCA is used as decision-support in MSW management in Sweden, Estonia and Lithuania. The use of LCA is examined on a national level as well as on a local or regional level based on relevant literature and a set of interviews conducted in each country. According to the results the use of LCA as decision-support in MSW management is very limited in Estonia and Lithuania whilst it is already a well-established tool in Sweden. Most of the LCA efforts in the Baltic States have been conducted in connection with foreign projects and investments,such as RB21T. Although an actual LCA might not always be applied in Sweden, LCT is prevalent in MSW management both on a national and local level. In order for LCA to be better integrated into MSW management this paper argues that there is a need for increased knowledge, data, more user-friendly LCA-tools andstrengthening regional partnerships for further transfer of knowledge between countries.

This investigation of urban planning and design is the first problem-oriented study in this subject in the southeastern part of Iran. As demands for new town developments increase, the intensity and efficiency of urban planning and design must be improved. This in turn requires an increase in the professional knowledge and systematic nature of the analyses and syntheses. The discussions in the thesis include; ideological schools, socioeconomic analyses, natural resource utilization, and sustainable infrastructures. In the thesis, a set of related subjects are analyzed and evaluated with the aid of new academic and experimental methods aimed to recommend enhanced theoretical and working solutions and to prepare for sustainable urban planning and design in the southern Iran region. / <p>QC 20140505</p>

This thesis focuses on an under-researched area of tourism -the multi stakeholder, inter organisational business to business Tourism IT domain which exhibits a marked rate of failure. A critical review of B2B case studies reveals that this failure is in large part due to the primacy afforded to technical problem solving approaches over human centred ones. The main purpose of the research is therefore stated as: "how do we ensure that, as technological solutions are implemented within this domain, due consideration is given to human-centred issues?" In order to tackle this research problem an interdisciplinary approach is taken and a communicative model for stakeholder consultation is developed. At the centre of the model lies an innovative method for deconstructing and reconstructing stakeholder discourse. A Co-operative Inquiry research methodology was used and a significant number of stakeholders were engaged in an Open Space event sponsored by two major Tourism IT companies who wanted to investigate the issues and opportunities connected with travel distribution and technology. This was followed up with face to face interviews and live discussions over the internet. In addition stakeholder discourse was captured via the Travelmole tourism discussion site. The discourse between stakeholders was reconstructed and the normative and objective claims analysed in depth. The presentation of these reconstructions in textual, tabular and diagrammatic formats captures the complexity of stakeholder interactions, revealing that although IT is an important tool, what really lies at the core of multi stakeholder projects are the normative positions to which participants subscribe. The model provided a practical means for critiquing stakeholder discourse, helping to identify stakeholders both involved and affected by the issue; juxtaposing the 'is' against the 'ought'; and enabling critical reflection on the coercive use of power. The review of the tourism literature revealed that these issues are as important in general B2B tourism partnerships as in Tourism IT and in this respect the model provides a practical tool for critique and for enabling the formation of a shared normative infrastructure on which multi stakeholder projects can proceed. In addition, while borrowing from Management Science, this thesis also makes a contribution to it, specifically in the area of boundary critique, through the way in which Habermas' ideal speech criteria arc practically implemented.

O presente estudo teve como principal objetivo demonstrar o uso da análise de sistemas comportamentais, mais especificamente, o Modelo de Engenharia de Sistemas Comportamentais, no aprimoramento dos serviços prestados pelo Centro para o Autismo e Inclusão Social, da USP. Os objetivos específicos foram: definir a missão do CAIS; reorganizar os processos a partir da definição da missão; estabelecer indicadores de feedback dos principais subsistemas que compõem o sistema processador e descrever o passo a passo da aplicação das ferramentas da Análise de Sistemas Comportamentais. O método utilizado foi a pesquisa-ação, caracterizada por ser um tipo de pesquisa social, com base empírica, que é concebida e realizada em estreita associação com uma ação ou com a resolução de um problema coletivo e no qual os pesquisadores e os participantes representativos da situação ou do problema estão envolvidos de modo cooperativo ou participativo. Os principais resultados foram o estabelecimento de dados de feedback do sistema processador, que antes do estudo não existiam, como os dados de pré e pós-testes realizados pelos terapeutas antes e após as aulas, os resultados das avaliações em tentativas discretas às quais os terapeutas foram submetidos, dados sobre a frequência em aula e sua correlação com os resultados nas avaliações. Os resultados do sistema receptor foram informações sobre os egressos, quanto à atuação na área do autismo e os resultados de avaliação das crianças no VB-Mapp, antes e após o início das intervenções. Outro resultado do presente trabalho foi a criação de uma disciplina específica de graduação, intitulada Análise do Comportamento Aplicada ao Autismo, garantindo maior visibilidade e estabilidade do trabalho realizado pelo CAIS e, consequentemente, maior número de alunos de graduação matriculados semestralmente na disciplina. Conclui-se que, de todas as etapas do modelo de intervenção utilizado, a fundamental foi a definição do macrossistema e da missão do CAIS. A partir dessas definições, vários processos foram redesenhados e tarefas distribuídas, possibilitando a coleta de dados de feedback, fundamental para o planejamento e decisões tomadas a cada mudança de semestre / The main objective of the present study was to demonstrate the use of the behavioral systems analysis, more specifically, the Behavioral Systems Engineering Model, in the improvement of the services provided by the Center for Autism and Social Inclusion, (CAIS-USP). The specific objectives were: defining the mission of the CAIS; reorganize the processes from the definition of the mission; establishing feedback indicators of the main subsystems that compose the processor system and describe the step-by-step application of Behavioral Systems Analysis tools. The method applied was action research, characterized by being a type of social research, with empirical basis, that is conceived and carried out in close association with an action or with the resolution of a collective problem and in which the researchers and the representative participants (situation or problem) are involved in a cooperative or participative manner. The main results were the establishment of feedback data from the processor system, which before the study did not exist, such as the pre and post test data performed by the therapists before and after classes, the results of the discrete trial assessment to which the therapists were submitted to, data on the frequency in class and its correlation with the results of evaluations. The results of the receptor system were information about the alumni, regarding the performance in the autism area and the results of the children´s assessments in the VB-Mapp, before and after the beginning of the interventions. Another result of the present study was the creation of a specific undergraduate discipline, entitled Applied of Behavior Analysis to Autism, guaranteeing greater visibility and stability of the work carried out by CAIS and, consequently, a higher number of undergraduate students enrolled in each semester. Considering all the stages of the applied intervention model, the conclusion is that the most fundamental one was the definition of the macrosystem and the mission of the CAIS. From these definitions, several processes had been redesigned and tasks were distributed, allowing the collection of feedback data, fundamental for the planning and decisions taken in each semester