Information systems are getting more and more multimedia-based as well as network-based. This evolution, as well as an increased rate of change, put new demands on methods and competencies required for developing future information systems. In this work, we give an overview of the different types of information systems and methods for information systems development, especially with respect to multimedia aspects. Multimedia systems development is discussed particularly with respect to the dual processes of software engineering and content development. Possible future directions are pointed out, in which information systems development seems to become an even more multidisciplinary effort. As a result we present a list of competencies required for multimedia information systems development as well as possible research areas of interest. These research areas cover the following issues regarding the development of multimedia information systems: project management, conceptual modelling, content maintenance, requirement treatment and development approaches.

Detta examensarbete har genomförts av två studenter vid Högskolan Dalarna i samarbete medIT-konsultbolaget Istone Concrevi. Edsbyverken, som är en möbeltillverkare baserad i Edsbyn,är kund hos Istone och har ett behov att öka sin leveranssäkerhet. Företaget upplever också attdet finns en bristande sammanhållning mellan de som arbetar administrativt och de som arbetarmed tillverkning i verksamheten. Edsbyverken hoppas att en ökad sammanhållning ska varabidragande till en bättre leveranssäkerhet. Sammanhållning är ett begrepp som är vanligtförekommande inom idrott och lagsporter och förknippas ofta med framgång inom idrotten.Forskningsstrategin som används i studien är design and creation som fokuserar på att skapa nyaIT-produkter, artefakter. Denna studie har resulterat i en artefakt av typen instansiering i form aven applikation som utvecklats med hjälp av ett användarcentrerat och agilt arbetssätt. Syftet medstudien är att undersöka och testa hur teorier inom idrottspsykologi kan användas inom ettsystemutvecklingsprojekt med ändamål att få artefakten och utvecklingsprocessen att främjasammanhållning hos verksamheten. Datainsamlingsmetoder som använts i studien är intervjueroch enkäter. Intervjuerna har använts för att insamla bakgrundsinfo från verksamheten ochönskemål kring appen och enkäterna för feedback på appen samt för att utvärderasystemutvecklingens och appens påverkan på sammanhållningen.Resultaten från datainsamlingen är i många fall spretande med allt från positiva omdömen sommenar att sammanhållningen förbättrats, till negativa som menar att ingen inverkan skett. Vid ensammanvägning kan man dock se att majoriteten menar att detta forskningsprojekt inte lyckatsmed att förbättra sammanhållningen. En viss andel anställda vid Edsbyverken tror dock attsammanhållningen kan öka på längre sikt. Slutsatsen kring idrottspsykologi är att den vid enkoppling till systemutveckling har ett begränsat användningsområde och att många av de teoriersom förekommer om sammanhållning inte är användbara eller passande vidsystemutvecklingsarbete. / This thesis has been implemented by two students at Högskolan Dalarna in cooperation withIstone Concrevi, who is a IT-consultant company in Borlänge. Edsbyverken, a client of Istoneand a furniture manufacturer based in Edsbyn, needs to increase their supply reliability. Thecompany also feels that there is a lack of cohesion between the administrative and themanufacturing parts of the business. Edsbynverken hope that greater cohesion will becontributing to a better supply reliability. Cohesion is a term that is commonly used in sports andteams and is often associated with success in the sport.The research strategy used in this study is design and creation that focuses on creating new ITproducts, artifacts. This study has resulted in an artifact of the type instantiation, which is anapplication developed using a user-centric and agile working. The purpose of the study is toexamine and test if theories from sport psychology can be used within a systems developmentproject with the purpose to get the artifact and the development process to promote the cohesionwithin the business.Data collection methods used in the study are interviews and questionnaires. The interviewswere used to collect background information from the business and wishes about the application.Surveys were used for feedback on the application, as well as to evaluate the systemsdevelopment and the applications impact on the cohesion within the business.The results from the data collection are often sprawling, ranging from very positive signs tonegative. From indications of that the cohesion has improved to statements that it hasn’t. Inappraisal, however, one can see a tendency that this research failed to improve cohesion. Thougha certain percentage of employees at Edsbyverken believe that cohesion may increase in the longterm. The conclusion about sports psychology is that it, when connected to systemsdevelopment, has a limited use and that many of the theories that exist on cohesion within sportspsychology not are useful or appropriate in systems development work.

The implementation of information technology and its impact on organisational change has been an important phenomenon, discussed in the IS literature over the last 30 years. Treating information system (IS) implementation as organisational change is a complex phenomenon. This complexity is mainly due to its multidisciplinary, socio-technical, dynamic and non-linear nature. This challenging nature of IS implementation complexities has a direct relationship to the IS implementation project outcomes - its success or failure. In view of this complexity, this research aims to understand how process studies can improve the understanding of enterprise system implementation. We argue that the socio-technical nature of IS development is inevitable thus the only way to go forward is to explore and understand the phenomenon. Following this, we adopt the stakeholder's perspective solely for the purpose of identification of stakeholders and their embedded interests and expectations. While prior research concentrated on a limited number of stakeholders of IS, we attempt to adopt Pouloudi et al. (2004) in mobilizing a stakeholder perspective to incorporate non-human stakeholders within the analysis. Within the actor-network perspective, complexity is resolved through simplification (black-boxing) - unpacking or collapsing the complexity. However, during this simplification process, the risk of removing useful description of the phenomenon through labelling was avoided. To support this research, the punctuated socio-technical information systems change (PSIC) model was applied. In this model, interactions and relationships between its components (antecedent condition, process, outcomes and organisational context) play a vital role. This research focuses on the implementation of an integrated financial system in three Malaysian universities through three interpretive case studies. Our findings show that each of our case studies provides a unique IS development trajectory. Following stakeholder analysis, the different cases provide interesting combinations of conflicts and coalitions among human and non-human stakeholders which further dictates the project outcomes or the process of IS black-boxing. The relationship between the three case studies on the other hand provides an interesting illustration of IS technology transfer.

Information systems (IS) are indelibly linked to the global economy and are indispensable to society and organizations. Despite the decisive function of IS in organizations today, IS development problems continue to plague organizations. The failure to get the system requirements right is considered to be one of the primary, if not the most significant, reasons for this high IS failure rate. Getting requirements right is most notably identified with Frederick Brooks' contention that requirements are the essence of what IT professionals do, all the rest being accidents or risk management. However, enterprise architecture (EA) may also provide the discipline to bridge the gap between effective requirements, organizational objectives, and the actual IS implementations. The intent of this research is to examine the relationship between IS development capabilities and requirements analysis and design capabilities within the context of enterprise architecture. To accomplish this, a survey of IT professionals within the Society for Information Management (SIM) was conducted. Results indicate support for the hypothesized relationship between IS development and requirements capabilities. The hypothesized relationships with the organizational demographics were not supported nor was the hypothesized positive relationship between requirements capabilities and EA perceptions. However, the nature of the relationship of requirements and EA provided important insight into the relationship leading to several explanations as to its meaning and contributions to research and practice. This research contributes to IS development knowledge by providing evidence of the essential role of requirements in IS development capabilities and in IS development maturity. Furthermore, contributions to the nascent field of EA research and practice include key insight into EA maturity, EA implementation success, and the role of IT professionals in EA teams. Moreover, these results provide a template and research plan of action to pursue further EA research in exploring EA maturity models and critical success factors, and the state of practice of EA in organizations

Studies whose focus is finding solutions to practical IT implementation issues / problems such as slow systems uptake and meaningful work improvement are few. This thesis describes how IS practitioners from government and the private sector, together with users came together to redesign the current Botswana ISD work practice in order to address this shortcoming. The result has been the incorporation of activity-based learning and reflection in current ISD practice. The study adopted Cultural Historical Activity Theory (CHAT) as the framework of analysis as well as the associated Developmental Work Research (DWR) methodology as the research method. An expansive learning cycle was stimulated through change laboratory sessions with participants from government and industry. The general research question for the study is: ‘How should ISD as a systemic work activity be carried out to facilitate effective learning?’ The four sub-questions the thesis focuses on are: ‘(1) What constitutes Botswana’s ISD practice or how is ISD currently practiced in Botswana? (2) What are the users and developers learning and is the learning effective? (3) How can current practice be improved in order to facilitate effective learning? (4) What do users and IS professionals learn when collaborating in the review and redesign of ISD practice?’ The study was qualitative in nature and data collection was based on interviews, archival data, observations as well as data from change laboratory sessions. Data from the change laboratory sessions was video-taped and later transcribed for analysis. Though I used CHAT as the main theoretical tool for analysis of ISD and learning, I also used additional theoretical concepts on learning to assist with the analysis and redesign of new practice. These are concepts relating to two types of learning that are found in any setting or environment i.e. conscious / learning conscious learning and unconscious / task conscious learning as well as concepts relating to reflection-on action. Analysis of learning in current Botswana ISD practice shows that current learning is not effective because it does not provide the right balance between conscious and unconscious learning. Current learning tasks are predominantly geared towards unconscious learning. The solution to this practical learning problem, which constitutes improvement to practice, is the incorporation of activity-based learning and reflection through the introduction of learning evaluation checkpoints throughout the ISD process. Furthermore, during the collaborative redesign sessions it emerged that: 1) learning was collective and distributed agency and 2) learning was expansion of the object in multiple dimensions. The study makes both theoretical and practical contributions. The theoretical contribution is through the application of learning concepts such as the two types of learning (i.e. conscious and unconscious learning) and expansive learning to the review, analysis and redesign of ISD practice with the participation of representatives from government and the private sector. In terms of the practical contribution, a new Botswana ISD practice model that incorporates activity-based learning and reflection has been designed, and findings from examination of the model suggest that it has potential to address current learning deficiencies and thus contribute to efforts of avoiding IS failures. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Informatics / unrestricted

There are many situations during information system development (ISD) where there is a need to do modelling on a business level before more detailed and robust modelling are done on the technical system level. Most business level modelling uses some form of natural language constructs which are, on the one hand, easy to use by untrained users, but which are too vague and ambiguous to be used in subsequent systems level modelling by systems analysts, on the other hand. The goal of this study is to develop an integrative modelling technique that is easy enough to be used by most business users with little training, but robust and structured enough to be used in subsequent ISD modelling. The term “integrative” in the title refers to the fact that this technique attempts to bridge the current gap between modelling on a business level and modelling on a technical level. The research consists of two major phases. During the first phase, an integrative modelling technique is developed using a grounded approach. The data that is used for analysis is a representative example of the major ISD modelling techniques used currently. For instance, to represent all the UML techniques, the UML 2 standard is used. The purpose of this first phase is to understand what the fundamental concepts and relationships in ISD are and to develop an integrative technique based on that. During the second phase, the resultant artefact created by the first phase is evaluated and improved using the design science research approach. This artefact is used in a representative set of business modelling situations to evaluate its applicability and suitability as an integrative modelling technique between business and ISD. The integrative modelling technique is evaluated from three perspectives: how it represents business rules, how it handled various aspects of ISD and how it represents requirements expressed as use cases. These evaluations used the two main design criteria of ease of use for users and at the same time adequate levels of expressive power so that the model can be easily translated into existing ISD modelling languages. The integrative modelling technique developed identified the following three levels of modelling entities and their relationships: • Base entities (corresponding to the morphological level in linguistics) • Structure entities (corresponding to the syntactical level in linguistics) • Role entities (corresponding to the semantic level in linguistics) The contribution of this research is to provide a better understanding of the fundamental entities in business and ISD modelling and their relationships in order to improve informal, mostly textual, business modelling. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Informatics / unrestricted

The purpose of this dissertation is to study the application of Total Quality Management (TQM) in the Information Systems (IS) development processes. The study describes and evaluates TQM concepts and techniques in the IS development processes and interprets sub-organizational elements in the application of TQM in the public sector. This dissertation uses a multiple case study methodology to study the development processes of IS in three public agencies. This study attempts to examine what quality means across these public organizations and to discover the differences between IS development methodologies that do or do not apply TQM concepts and techniques. The late Dr. W. Edwards Deming, regarded as "father" of post war Japanese economic miracle as well as leading advocate of the TQM movement in the United States, developed a systematic approach to solving quality related problems which aims to fulfill customer expectations. His system of management is adopted as the theoretical basis to this dissertation. The "lessons learned" from these case studies, empirically and in literature, reveal multiple experiences of TQM applications to IS development processes in the public sector. / Ph. D.

The development of a "good" information system relies heavily on the designer's (or project leader's) understanding of the system's boundaries and environment within the organization, and the ability to derive an appropriate model of the system. This report presents an overview of the systems appproach to organizational theory and information systems development, and examines one computer supported analysis and documentation tool, PSL/PSA. The report also shows that this tool, PSL/PSA, is not only able to represent such a systems view, but that it is also valuable as an aid, in terms of modeling, to other techniques which try to reach these goals. The examination of PSL/PSA is followed with two examples showing how it is applied to the BIAIT BICMX and Structured Analysis. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

<p dir="ltr">The use of connected health technology is becoming increasingly significant in the field of healthcare. Artificial Intelligence- augmented workflows connected to treatment guidelines promise more inclusive care delivery. The AI/ML-based connected health informatics plays an integral role in every stage of medical product development, from initial discovery to providing guidance to healthcare providers, and finally to delivering patient care. The exponential growth of meta data and the rapid advancement of connected health technologies provide greater opportunities for novel healthcare solutions, delivery mechanisms, and clinical trial designs.</p><p dir="ltr">However, it poses complexity of the AI/ML-specific challenges besides all the challenges SaMD products face. The regulations for AI/ML-based connected solutions have yet to mature. The AI/ML SaMD development process requires additional considerations such as data quality and management, continuous deployment, and validation.</p><p><br></p><p dir="ltr">This study delves into the integration of Machine Learning (ML) with medical software devices and how the current lifecycle models fit the needs of the AI industry. AI/ML-based SaMD development process artifacts are identified through the theory and AI/ML SaMD regulations and standards requirements. Moreover, this study analyzes collected data from interviews, surveys, and an experimental case study to identify success factors in building quality and agility for AI/ML-based SaMD development projects.</p><p dir="ltr">Incorporating of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in healthcare requires continuous deployment and validation processes, which may not be in line with the current workflow, capability, or authority of regulators. This research also highlights that model governance and technology access can be key challenges in implementing AI/ML development process artifacts, especially when integrated into connected health solutions.</p><p dir="ltr">This work sets the foundation for future research to reduce bottlenecks in the machine-learning process. The focus should be on aiding model governance to streamline development and ensure machine reliability. A suitable software toolchain is necessary for exploratory data analysis, data integration, documentation, model governance, monitoring, version control, and integration with other software and services within a connected health solution. Additionally, conducting more focused research on security and privacy in the context of connected health would be valuable.</p>

Yes / This exploratory research aims to investigate social media users’ expectations of information systems (IS) products that are conceived but not yet launched. It specifically analyses social media data from Twitter about forthcoming smartphones and smartwatches from Apple and Samsung, two firms known for their innovative gadgets. Tweets related to the following four forthcoming IS products were retrieved from 1st January 2020 to 30th September 2020: (1) Apple iPhone 12 (6,125 tweets), (2) Apple Watch 6 (553 tweets), (3) Samsung Galaxy Z Flip 2 (923 tweets), and (4) Samsung Galaxy Watch Active 3 (207 tweets). These 7,808 tweets were analysed using a combination of the Natural Language Processing Toolkit (NLTK) and sentiment analysis (SentiWordNet). The online community was quite vocal about topics such as design, camera and hardware specifications. For all the forthcoming gadgets, the proportion of positive tweets exceeded that of negative tweets. The most prevalent sentiment expressed in Apple-related tweets was neutral but in Samsung-related tweets was positive. Additionally, it was found that the proportion of tweets echoing negative sentiment was lower for Apple compared with Samsung. This paper is the earliest empirical work to examine the degree to which social media chatter can be used by project managers for IS development projects, specifically for the purpose of end-users’ expectation management.