L’érosion éolienne des matières granulaires (minerais, charbons,. . . ) est un des facteurs influençant grandement la qualité de l’air dans l’environnement proche de nombreux sites industriels. L’objectif principal de ce travail est l’amélioration des méthodologies de quantification des émissions des sources diffuses, notamment à partir d’une meilleure prise en compte de l’exposition éolienne des sources que sont les tas de stockage et des répartitions granulométriques des matières présentes sur les sites de stockage. Les observations sur sites industriels montrent que les régions proches des tas de stockage de matières granulaires sont chargées de particules de granulométries plutôt fines. Celles-ci sont susceptibles d’être remises en suspension par les structures tourbillonnaires générées par le vent incident. Ainsi, ces zones d’envol potentiel ont fait l’objet d’analyses afin de quantifier leur contribution aux émissions globales. Une technique de visualisation d’écoulement pariétal, associée à des simulations numériques tridimensionnelles, ont été mises en oeuvre pour mieux comprendre ces structures de l’écoulement. Les matières granulaires sont un mélange de particules érodibles et non-érodibles. Le caractère érodible étant lié aux propriétés des particules (principalement granulométrie et masse volumique), ainsi qu’à la vitesse du vent incident. Dans ce cadre, deux types d’études ont été menées: des essais expérimentaux d’envol de particules dans une soufflerie et des simulations numériques tridimensionnelles avec un logiciel open-source de mécanique des fluides (Code_Saturne). Une technique originale a ainsi été développée pour quantifier, par une pesée en continue, l’influence des particules non-érodibles sur le flux massique envolé. En parallèle, le comportement des particules sur la surface est analysé à l’aide de clichés photographiques. L’analyse de l’effet des particules non-érodibles au niveau local est réalisée grâce à des simulations numériques pour des configurations polydispersées. Les résultats présentés dans ce mémoire constituent de premiers éléments pouvant possiblement contribuer à l’amélioration des modèles actuels de quantification des émissions de particules par une meilleure intégration et pris en compte de la présence de particules non-érodibles pour les matières présentant de larges spectres granulométriques. / Wind erosion of granular materials (ores, coal, ...) is one of the factors that greatly influence the quality of the air in the immediate vicinity of many industrial sites. The main objective of this work is the improvement of methodologies for quantifying emissions from diffuse sources. It may be carried out by a better consideration of wind exposure on the sources (storage piles) and larger size distributions of granular materials present at the storage sites. Observations show that areas near storage piles of granular materials on industrial sites are loaded with silt particles. These particles may be re-emitted by vortex structures. Thus, these areas of potential particles take-off were analyzed to quantify their contribution to global emissions. A wall flow visualization technique associated with three-dimensional numerical simulations have been implemented. Granular material is a mixture of erodible and non-erodible particle. The erodible character may be associated to particle properties (mainly size and density), as well as the ambient wind speed. In this context, two types of studies were conducted: experimental tests of particles take-off in a wind-tunnel and numerical simulations with a three-dimensional open-source fluid dynamics code (Code_Saturne). An original technique has been developed to quantify, by a continuous weighing, the influence of non-erodible particles of the mass flow. In parallel, the behaviour of particles on the surface is analyzed using photographs. The analysis of the effect of nonerodible particles at local level is achieved through numerical simulations for poly-dispersed configurations. The results presented in this thesis are the first elements that can potentially contribute to the improvement of current models of quantification of particulate emissions through a better integration of the presence of non-erodible particles for materials with large particle size spectra.

Includes bibliography.

Les travaux décrits dans cette thèse portent sur le problème de vérification des systèmes avec espaces d'états infinis, et, en particulier, avec des structures de données chaînées. Plusieurs approches ont émergé, sans donner des solutions convenables et robustes, qui pourrait faire face aux situations rencontrées dans la pratique. Nos travaux proposent une approche nouvelle, qui combine les avantages de deux approches très prometteuses: la représentation symbolique a base d'automates d'arbre, et la logique de séparation. On présente également plusieurs améliorations concernant l'implementation de différentes opérations sur les automates d'arbre, requises pour le succès pratique de notre méthode. En particulier, on propose un algorithme optimise pour le calcul des simulations sur les systèmes de transitions étiquettes, qui se traduit dans un algorithme efficace pour le calcul des simulations sur les automates d'arbre. En outre, on présente un nouvel algorithme pour le problème d'inclusion sur les automates d'arbre. Un nombre important d'expérimentes montre que cet algorithme est plus efficace que certaines des méthodes existantes.

Cette thèse contient quatre travaux sur le modèle d'Agrégation Limitée par Diffusion Interne (iDLA), qui est un modèle de croissance pour la construction récursive d'ensembles aléatoires. Le premier travail concerne la dimension 1 et étudie le cas où les marches aléatoires formant l'agrégat évoluent dans un milieu aléatoire. L'agrégat normalisé converge alors non pas vers une forme limite déterministe comme dans le cas de marches aléatoires simples mais converge en loi vers un segment contenant l'origine dont les extrémités suivent la loi de l'Arcsinus. Dans le deuxième travail, on considère le cas où l'agrégat est formé par des marches aléatoires simples en dimension d > 1. On donne alors des résultats de convergence et de fluctuations sur la fonction odomètre introduite par Levine et Peres, qui compte en chaque point le nombre de passages des marches ayant formé l'agrégat. Dans le troisième travail, on s'intéresse au cas où l'agrégat est formé par des marches aléatoires multidimensionnelles qui ne sont pas centrées. On montre que sous une normalisation appropriée, l'agrégat converge vers une forme limite qui s'identifie à une vraie boule de chaleur. Nous répondons ainsi à une question ouverte en analyse concernant l'existence d'une telle boule bornée. Le quatrième travail concerne le cas particulier où une borne intérieure est connue pour l'agrégat. On donne alors des conditions suffisantes sur le graphe ainsi que sur la nature de cette borne pour qu'elle implique une borne extérieure. Ce résultat est appliqué au cas de marches évoluant sur un amas de percolation par arêtes surcritique, complétant ainsi un résultat de Shellef. / This thesis contains four works on the Internal Diffusion Limited Aggregation model (iDLA), which is a growth model that recursively builds random sets. The first work is set in dimension 1 and studies the case where the random walks that build the aggregate evolve in a random environment. The normalised aggregate then does not converges towards a deterministic limiting shape as it is the case for simple random walks, but converges in law towards a segment that contains the origin and which extremal points follow the Arcsine law. In the second work, we consider the case where the aggregate is built by simple random walks in dimension d > 1. We give convergence and fluctuation results on the odometer function introduced by Levine and Peres, which counts at each point the number of visits of walkers throughout the construction of the aggregate. In the third work, we examine the case where the aggregate is built using multidimensional drifted random walks. We show that under a suitable normalisation, the aggregate converges towards a limiting shape which is identified as a true heat ball. We thus give an answer to an open question in analysis concerning the existence of such a bounded shape. The last work deals with the special case where an interior bound is known for the aggregate. We give a set of conditions on the graph and on the nature of this interior bound that are sufficient to imply an outer bound. This result is applied to the case of random walks on the supercritical bond percolation cluster, thus completing a result by Shellef.

Este trabalho tem por objetivo estudar a resolução de litígios no âmbito desportivo por meio das arbitragens realizadas pelo Tribunal Arbitral do Esporte (TAS-CAS), examinando-se a estrutura do referido órgão e determinados aspectos vinculados à sua atuação. Assim, procurou-se contextualizar a utilização do processo arbitral para a solução de controvérsias relacionadas à prática desportiva e a criação do Tribunal Arbitral do Esporte, para posteriormente identificar as principais particularidades de seus procedimentos, comparando-os com as disposições da Lei Modelo da UNCITRAL e das regras da Câmara de Comércio Internacional e da Associação Americana de Arbitragem, que também regulam arbitragens internacionais. No tocante à atuação do tribunal, abordou-se a existência de um corpo normativo especificamente relacionado ao desporto, denominado lex sportiva, cuja formação tem sido fortemente influenciada pelas decisões do TAS-CAS. Apresentaram-se, nesse contexto, alguns dos princípios que compõem a lex sportiva e que foram elaborados com a participação do tribunal. Por fim, utilizando-se dos conceitos proporcionados pela Análise Econômica do Direito, buscou-se identificar elementos que podem aumentar ou reduzir os custos de transação nos procedimentos arbitrais que tramitam perante o TAS-CAS, a partir das normas que os regulam, dispostas no seu Code of Sports-related Arbitration. / This work aims to study the dispute resolution within sports, through the arbitrations performed by the Court of Arbitration for Sport (TAS-CAS), by examining the structure of said body, as well as certain aspects linked to its acting. Thus, it has been made a contextualization of the use of arbitration proceedings to the settlement of conflicts related to the practice of sports and the creation of the Court of Arbitration for Sport, to identify, later, the main peculiarities of its proceedings, comparing them to the provisions of the UNCITRAL Model Law and of the rules of the International Chamber of Commerce and the American Arbitration Association, which also regulate international arbitrations. Regarding the activity of the court, it was addressed the existence of a regulatory body specifically related to sports, called lex sportiva, whose formation has been heavily influenced by the decisions of TAS-CAS. Within this context, it were presented some of the principles which compose lex sportiva and which have been developed with the participation of the tribunal. Finally, using the concepts provided by the Economic Analysis of Law, it was sought to identify factors that can increase or reduce the transaction costs in arbitration proceedings before the TAS-CAS, as from the rules which govern it, disposed in its Code of Sports-related Arbitration.

Este trabalho tem por objetivo estudar a resolução de litígios no âmbito desportivo por meio das arbitragens realizadas pelo Tribunal Arbitral do Esporte (TAS-CAS), examinando-se a estrutura do referido órgão e determinados aspectos vinculados à sua atuação. Assim, procurou-se contextualizar a utilização do processo arbitral para a solução de controvérsias relacionadas à prática desportiva e a criação do Tribunal Arbitral do Esporte, para posteriormente identificar as principais particularidades de seus procedimentos, comparando-os com as disposições da Lei Modelo da UNCITRAL e das regras da Câmara de Comércio Internacional e da Associação Americana de Arbitragem, que também regulam arbitragens internacionais. No tocante à atuação do tribunal, abordou-se a existência de um corpo normativo especificamente relacionado ao desporto, denominado lex sportiva, cuja formação tem sido fortemente influenciada pelas decisões do TAS-CAS. Apresentaram-se, nesse contexto, alguns dos princípios que compõem a lex sportiva e que foram elaborados com a participação do tribunal. Por fim, utilizando-se dos conceitos proporcionados pela Análise Econômica do Direito, buscou-se identificar elementos que podem aumentar ou reduzir os custos de transação nos procedimentos arbitrais que tramitam perante o TAS-CAS, a partir das normas que os regulam, dispostas no seu Code of Sports-related Arbitration. / This work aims to study the dispute resolution within sports, through the arbitrations performed by the Court of Arbitration for Sport (TAS-CAS), by examining the structure of said body, as well as certain aspects linked to its acting. Thus, it has been made a contextualization of the use of arbitration proceedings to the settlement of conflicts related to the practice of sports and the creation of the Court of Arbitration for Sport, to identify, later, the main peculiarities of its proceedings, comparing them to the provisions of the UNCITRAL Model Law and of the rules of the International Chamber of Commerce and the American Arbitration Association, which also regulate international arbitrations. Regarding the activity of the court, it was addressed the existence of a regulatory body specifically related to sports, called lex sportiva, whose formation has been heavily influenced by the decisions of TAS-CAS. Within this context, it were presented some of the principles which compose lex sportiva and which have been developed with the participation of the tribunal. Finally, using the concepts provided by the Economic Analysis of Law, it was sought to identify factors that can increase or reduce the transaction costs in arbitration proceedings before the TAS-CAS, as from the rules which govern it, disposed in its Code of Sports-related Arbitration.

Este trabalho tem por objetivo estudar a resolução de litígios no âmbito desportivo por meio das arbitragens realizadas pelo Tribunal Arbitral do Esporte (TAS-CAS), examinando-se a estrutura do referido órgão e determinados aspectos vinculados à sua atuação. Assim, procurou-se contextualizar a utilização do processo arbitral para a solução de controvérsias relacionadas à prática desportiva e a criação do Tribunal Arbitral do Esporte, para posteriormente identificar as principais particularidades de seus procedimentos, comparando-os com as disposições da Lei Modelo da UNCITRAL e das regras da Câmara de Comércio Internacional e da Associação Americana de Arbitragem, que também regulam arbitragens internacionais. No tocante à atuação do tribunal, abordou-se a existência de um corpo normativo especificamente relacionado ao desporto, denominado lex sportiva, cuja formação tem sido fortemente influenciada pelas decisões do TAS-CAS. Apresentaram-se, nesse contexto, alguns dos princípios que compõem a lex sportiva e que foram elaborados com a participação do tribunal. Por fim, utilizando-se dos conceitos proporcionados pela Análise Econômica do Direito, buscou-se identificar elementos que podem aumentar ou reduzir os custos de transação nos procedimentos arbitrais que tramitam perante o TAS-CAS, a partir das normas que os regulam, dispostas no seu Code of Sports-related Arbitration. / This work aims to study the dispute resolution within sports, through the arbitrations performed by the Court of Arbitration for Sport (TAS-CAS), by examining the structure of said body, as well as certain aspects linked to its acting. Thus, it has been made a contextualization of the use of arbitration proceedings to the settlement of conflicts related to the practice of sports and the creation of the Court of Arbitration for Sport, to identify, later, the main peculiarities of its proceedings, comparing them to the provisions of the UNCITRAL Model Law and of the rules of the International Chamber of Commerce and the American Arbitration Association, which also regulate international arbitrations. Regarding the activity of the court, it was addressed the existence of a regulatory body specifically related to sports, called lex sportiva, whose formation has been heavily influenced by the decisions of TAS-CAS. Within this context, it were presented some of the principles which compose lex sportiva and which have been developed with the participation of the tribunal. Finally, using the concepts provided by the Economic Analysis of Law, it was sought to identify factors that can increase or reduce the transaction costs in arbitration proceedings before the TAS-CAS, as from the rules which govern it, disposed in its Code of Sports-related Arbitration.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第20573号 / 工博第4353号 / 新制||工||1677(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科マイクロエンジニアリング専攻 / (主査)教授 小寺 秀俊, 教授 鈴木 基史, 准教授 横川 隆司, 教授 安達 泰治 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DGAM

Lab-on-a-chip devices, also known as micro total analysis systems (μTAS), are implementations of chemical analysis systems on microchips. These systems can be fabricated using standard thin film processing techniques. Microfluidic and nanofluidic channels are fabricated in this work through sacrificial etching. Microchannels are fabricated utilizing cores made from AZ3330 and SU8 photoresist. Multi-channel electroosmotic (EO) pumps are evaluated and the accompanying channel zeta potentials are calculated. Capillary flow is studied as an effective filling mechanism for nanochannels. Experimental departure from the Washburn model is considered, where capillary flow rates lie within 10% to 70% of theoretical values. Nanochannels are fabricated utilizing cores made from aluminum, germanium, and chromium. Nanochannels are made with 5 μm thick top layers of oxide to prevent dynamic channel deformation. Nanochannel separation schemes are considered, including Ogston sieving, entropic trapping, reptation, electrostatic sieving, and immutable trapping. Immutable trapping is studied through dual-segment nanochannels that capture analytes that are too large to pass from one channel into a second, smaller channel. Polymer nanoparticles, Herpes simplex virus type 1 capsids, and hepatitis B virus capsids are trapped and detected. The signal-to-noise ratio of the fluorescently-detected signal is shown to be greater than 3 for all analyte concentrations considered.

No description available.