Data Mining allows one to analyze large amounts of data. With increasing amounts of data being collected, more computing power is needed to mine these larger and larger sums of data. The GPU is an excellent piece of hardware with a compelling price to performance ratio and has rapidly risen in popularity. However, this increase in speed comes at a cost. The GPU's architecture executes non-data parallel code with either marginal speedup or even slowdown. The type of data mining we examine, temporal data mining, uses a ¯nite state machine (FSM), which is non-data parallel. We contribute the concept of algorithm transformation for increasing the data parallelism of an algorithm. We apply the algorithm transformation process to the problem of temporal data mining which solves the same problem as the FSM-based algorithm, but is data parallel. The new GPU implementation shows a 6x speedup over the best CPU implementation and 11x speedup over a previous GPU implementation. / Master of Science

Possession is an asymmetric semantic relation between two entities, where one entity (the possessee) belongs to the other entity (the possessor). Automatically extracting possessions are useful in identifying skills, recommender systems and in natural language understanding. Possessions can be found in different communication modalities including text, images, videos, and audios. In this dissertation, I elaborate on the techniques I used to extract possessions. I begin with extracting possessions at the sentence level including the type and temporal anchors. Then, I extract the duration of possession and co-possessions (if multiple possessors possess the same entity). Next, I extract possessions from an entire Wikipedia article capturing the change of possessors over time. I extract possessions from social media including both text and images. Finally, I also present dense annotations generating possession timelines. I present separate datasets, detailed corpus analysis, and machine learning models for each task described above.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Temporal adverb is a label given to the linguistic element that establishes the notion of temporality in texts. Precisely, it refers to temporal conjunctions, adverbs and adverbial locutions of time, with more definite syntactic and semantic specificities, establishing temporal sequencing (MARTELOTTA, 1993). In the narrative text, the temporal adverbs play the role of connectors, since they establish the temporal sequencing of the events that are listed and also function as a strategy of textual cohesion. Considering that there are differences in the use of temporal factors according to the types of text, the degree of formality and the type of record (speech and writing), and that the role of the school is to promote the expansion of the student repertoire, we developed a sequence of activities that culminated in the proposal of a Didactic Module for the treatment of this phenomenon. The activities were developed in the academic period of 2017 with the 7th grade of the Gumercindo Bessa State School, located in the municipality of Estância, state of Sergipe. Initially, we elaborated a diagnostic activity for the production of narratives written from a visual stimulus, in which we could verify that the temporal ordering of the narratives was done mainly by juxtaposition of sentences, and with few uses of temporal adverbs, which, when used, were the closest to speech, such as aí (so), e (and) and então (then) (TAVARES, 1999; BARRETO, FREITAG, 2009). After analyzing the textbook adopted in the class, we found that the treatment given to the temporal adverbs (adverbs and adverbial locutions of time) was not suitable for use, with emphasis on nomenclature. Next, we conducted an investigation of reading and writing habits in the class to identify students' likes and preferences to provide meaningful and motivated learning. Following the guidelines of the National Curriculum Parameters of Portuguese Language (BRASIL, 1998), to contribute to the expansion of the linguistic repertoire of students, based on an approach based on Functionalism of North American and Sociolinguistic, which study linguistic phenomena from of real uses (FURTADO DA CUNHA, TAVARES, 2007; GORSKI; FREITAG, 2007; 2013), we made a didactic module with the objective of working the content of temporal adverbs as a mechanism of textual cohesion in narrative texts. We elaborated a didactic module composed of five activities that stimulate the recognition and use of temporal adverbs. The structure of the teaching material is divided into two stages: theoretical basis on the selected content and the practical section with exercises - two textual productions from visual sequences, two jigsaw puzzles and a text with gaps, as well as elaborated evaluation sheets for the teacher to follow the level of student learning. After the application of the didactic module, we verified in the narratives produced by the students a more diversified repertoire of temporal adverbs, both in quantity and variety, which conferred on the texts written by the students a more formal and more distant character of orality. / Circunstanciador temporal é rótulo dado ao elemento linguístico que estabelece a noção de temporalidade nos textos. Precisamente, refere-se a conjunções temporais, advérbios e locuções adverbiais de tempo, com especificidades sintáticas e semânticas mais definidas, estabelecendo sequenciação temporal (MARTELOTTA, 1993). No texto narrativo, os circunstanciadores temporais exercem a função de conectores, pois estabelecem a sequenciação temporal dos eventos que são elencados e também funcionam como uma estratégia de coesão textual. Considerando que existem diferenças de uso de circunstanciadores temporais em função dos tipos de texto, do grau de formalidade e do tipo de registro (fala e escrita), e que o papel da escola é promover a ampliação do repertório do aluno, desenvolvemos uma sequência de atividades que culminaram com a proposta de um Módulo Didático para a abordagem deste conteúdo em sala de aula. As atividades foram desenvolvidas no período letivo de 2017 com o 7o ano do Colégio Estadual Gumercindo Bessa, localizado no município de Estância, Estado de Sergipe. Inicialmente, elaboramos uma atividade de sondagem de produção de narrativas escritas a partir de um estímulo visual, na qual pudemos constatar que a ordenação temporal das narrativas era feita principalmente por justaposição de orações, e com poucos usos de circunstanciadores temporais, que, quando usados, eram os mais próximos da fala, como o “aí”, “e” e “então” (TAVARES, 1999; BARRETO; FREITAG, 2009). Após analisarmos o livro didático adotado na turma, constatamos que o tratamento dado aos circunstanciadores temporais (advérbios e locuções adverbiais de tempo) era pouco adequado ao uso, com ênfase na nomenclatura. Em seguida, realizamos na turma uma investigação sobre hábitos de leitura e escrita, a fim de identificar gostos e preferências dos alunos, para proporcionar uma aprendizagem significativa e motivada. Seguindo as diretrizes dos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais de Língua Portuguesa (BRASIL, 1997), para contribuir na ampliação do repertório linguístico dos alunos, a partir de uma abordagem baseada no Funcionalismo de vertente norte-americana e na Sociolinguística, que estudam fenômenos linguísticos a partir dos usos reais (FURTADO DA CUNHA; TAVARES, 2007; GORSKI; FREITAG, 2007; 2013), confeccionamos um Módulo Didático com o objetivo de trabalhar o conteúdo dos circunstanciadores temporais como mecanismo de coesão textual em textos narrativos. Elaboramos um Módulo Didático composto por cinco atividades que estimulam o reconhecimento e uso dos circunstanciadores temporais. A estrutura do Módulo Didático está dividida em duas etapas: fundamentação teórica sobre o conteúdo selecionado e a seção prática com os exercícios – duas produções textuais a partir de sequências visuais, dois quebra-cabeças e um texto com lacunas, além de fichas de avaliação elaboradas para o professor acompanhar o nível de aprendizagem dos alunos. Após a aplicação do Módulo Didático, verificamos, nas narrativas produzidas pelos alunos, um repertório mais diversificado de circunstanciadores temporais, tanto em quantidade quanto em variedade, o que conferiu aos textos escritos pelos alunos um caráter mais formal e mais distante da oralidade. / São Cristóvão, SE

国立情報学研究所で電子化したコンテンツを使用している。

Orientador: Prof. Dr. André Mascioli Cravo / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociência e Cognição, 2016. / We constantly learn and update our predictions about when events we cause will occur. This flexibility is important to program motor actions and to estimate when errors have been made. However, the mechanisms that govern learning and updating in temporal domain are largely unknown. In order to clarify these mechanisms we had three mains objectives: 1. To describe how we learn a new temporal relation between two events and how expectation is updated based on new information; 2. To describe the neural correlates underlying temporal learning and temporal updating; 3. To investigate temporal learning in two different sensory modalities: vision and audition, in order to verify whether such processes occur independently of sensory modality. In order to achieve the objectives, we developed two different experiments with electroencephalography recordings. In the first experiment, we aimed to answer the first two objectives by developing a behavioral task in which participants had to monitor whether a temporal error had been made. Results evidenced a rapid temporal adjustment by the participants to a new temporal relation. Temporal errors evoked electrophysiological markers classically related to error coding as frontal theta oscillations and feedback-related negativity. Delta phase was modulated by behavioral adjustments, suggesting its importance in temporal prediction updating. In conclusion, low frequency oscillations appear to be modulated in error coding and temporal learning. The second experiment investigated temporal learning in two different sensory modalities. Results indicated that time perception is biased differently depending on temporal marker sensory modality. Besides, we found that intertrial phase coherence of theta oscillations was modulated by expectation on both sensory conditions. However, such result occurs on central electrodes analysis, but not on sensory electrodes analysis, indicating a supramodal mechanism of temporal prediction.

Neste trabalho se estuda os principais métodos de planejamento temporal. Propõe soluções baseadas no grafo de planos, bem como soluções baseadas na tradução deste em Redes de Petri Temporais. Objetivando a contextualização do cenário em que o presente trabalho se insere, é apresentada uma revisão dos algoritmos que fazem o tratamento de problemas de planejamento clássico e o planejamento temporal. Propõe-se um novo método de tratamento temporal sobre o grafo de planos e sua tradução para uma Rede de Petri Temporal. / In this work it is studied the main methods of temporal planning. It is proposed solutions based on graph of plans as well as solutions based on the translation of graph of plans into time Petri nets. A review is presented about the algorithms for the treatment of classical planning and temporal planning. This review aims at to present the context of this work. Subsequently, it is proposed a new method of temporal treatment for the graph of plans and its translation into a time Petri net.

Neste trabalho se estuda os principais métodos de planejamento temporal. Propõe soluções baseadas no grafo de planos, bem como soluções baseadas na tradução deste em Redes de Petri Temporais. Objetivando a contextualização do cenário em que o presente trabalho se insere, é apresentada uma revisão dos algoritmos que fazem o tratamento de problemas de planejamento clássico e o planejamento temporal. Propõe-se um novo método de tratamento temporal sobre o grafo de planos e sua tradução para uma Rede de Petri Temporal. / In this work it is studied the main methods of temporal planning. It is proposed solutions based on graph of plans as well as solutions based on the translation of graph of plans into time Petri nets. A review is presented about the algorithms for the treatment of classical planning and temporal planning. This review aims at to present the context of this work. Subsequently, it is proposed a new method of temporal treatment for the graph of plans and its translation into a time Petri net.

After exposure to a short, constant delay between voluntary movement and sensory stimuli, temporal recalibration (TR) arises to realign asynchronous stimuli. The objective of this study was to determine if awareness of the temporal lag between a motor response (i.e., a keypress) and a sensory event (i.e., a visual flash) is necessary for TR to occur. We further investigated whether manipulating the motor and judgment tasks required modifies the influence of awareness on TR due to the cognitive processes engaged. Participants (n = 22) were randomly divided between two groups (Group 1: Aware and Group 2: Unaware). The Aware group was told of the temporal lag between their keypress and visual flash at the beginning of the experiment, whereas the Unaware group was not. All participants completed 8 blocks of trials, in which the motor tasks (e.g., a single or repetitive tap), judgment tasks (e.g., judging the order of the keypress in relation to the visual flash or judging whether the two stimuli were simultaneous or not), and temporal lag between keypress and visual flash (e.g., a 0 ms or 100 ms lag) varied. TR was determined by comparing judgments between corresponding blocks of trials in which the temporal lag was 0 ms to 100 ms. Results revealed that both the Aware and Unaware groups of participants demonstrated TR across both motor and judgment tasks, and that the magnitude of TR did not vary across Aware and Unaware participants or tasks. Thus, results of the present study revealed that awareness of a temporal lag does not influence the magnitude of motor-sensory TR achieved.

No description available.

Anwender aus verschiedensten Fachgebieten stellen weitreichende Anforderungen an die Modellierung der Zeitdimension in den Geoinformationssystemen. Von Interesse ist dabei oft speziell eine Analyse der Dynamik der betrachteten Phänomene. Das Erfordernis, geeignete Methoden zur Erfassung und Verarbeitung von Zeitinformationen bereitzustellen, stand in den letzten Jahrzehnten im Fokus diverser Untersuchungen und Publikationen. Im Kontext dieser Entwicklung ist im Jahr 2002 auch eine ISO-Norm (ISO19108:2002, Zeitliche Schema) zu dieser Thematik erschienen. Die Möglichkeiten, die hinsichtlich dessen von aktuellen Geoinformationssystemen angeboten werden, bleiben im Allgemeinen hinter der genannten Norm zurück. In dieser Arbeit wird untersucht, inwiefern das Konzept des Zeitlichen Schemas der ISO durch einen Abstrakten Datentyp in einer Geodatenbank umgesetzt werden kann. Es erfolgt die Konzeption hierfür notwendiger Objekte und Funktionen. Ziel ist dabei die integrierte Erfassung, Verwaltung und Analyse von Zeitpunkten, -perioden sowie einfacher zeitlicher Komplexe. Weiter wird für den Informationsaustausch zwischen Nutzer und Datenbanksystem, aufbauend auf bestehenden Standards, eine textuelle Repräsentation der Objekte konzipiert. Die Umsetzbarkeit des Konzepts wurde durch eine prototypische Implementierung, in einer PostgreSQL-Datenbank mit PostGIS-Erweiterung, untersucht. Die prinzipielle Machbarkeit konnte nachgewiesen werden, Details werden in der Arbeit behandelt. / Users from various fields of expertise place a wide range of demands on the subject of time modelling in geographic information systems. Of particular interest in this area is often the analysis of the dynamics of spatial features. The demand of providing suitable methods for the collection and processing of time data has been the focus of diverse research projects and publications over the last decades. In the context of the previously mentioned development, an ISO standard (ISO19108:2002, Temporal Schema) regarding this issue was published in 2002. In general, the capabilities of today’s geographic information systems are far behind the theoretical potential provided by this ISO standard. This bachelor thesis examines the feasibility of how the Temporal Schema of the ISO standard can be implemented in a Geodatabase with an abstract data type. Therefore necessary objects and functions are conceptualized. The aim is the integrated capture, management and analysis of instants, periods of time and simple temporal complexes. Furthermore, according to existing standards, a textual representation of objects is designed for the exchange of information between users and database systems. The practicability of the concept is examined with an implementation prototype in a PostgreSQL database, using the PostGIS extension. In summary, it can be said that the theoretical feasibility of this approach is proven, the details are discussed in this thesis.