A discussão sobre a pesquisa faz-se necessária em todas as áreas do conhecimento, tanto para seu aprimoramento como para atualização e busca constante da qualidade. Assim, esta dissertação, procura discutir e analisar a pesquisa em Turismo, suas tendências e limitações. A primeira parte desta dissertação constitui-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, ou seja, uma análise e comparação entre autores para a compreensão dos diversos métodos de pesquisa existentes. A segunda parte verifica, através de pesquisa exploratória com Mestres e Doutores formados por Programas Stricto Sensu de Turismo no Brasil, as influências, limitações e considerações destes pesquisadores a respeito do processo de pesquisa. Os resultados mostraram a predominância no uso pesquisa exploratória e na estratégia de pesquisa de campo nas dissertações de Mestrado. Neste sentido, entendemos a importância deste trabalho como uma contribuição ao estudo da teoria e prática de métodos de investigação científica aplicado à pesquisa em Turismo. / The discussion on Academic Research is necessary in all areas of knowledge, not only improving its quality but also to provide continuous update in the quality. This dissertation discusses and analyzes the research on the Tourism field, its status and limitations. In the first part of this dissertation we have tried through a library research design an analysis and comparison among authors in order to understand the several given definitions on research methods. The second part provides through exploratory research with Master and Doctors graduated in Stricto Sensu Tourism programs in Brazil, the influences, limitations and considerations. In this sense, we understand the importance of this work as a contribution to the study of theory and practice of Research Methods applied to Tourism research.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-08-08T11:26:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 José Ronaldo Alves Araújo.pdf: 4382435 bytes, checksum: 618af73b19c06c52b8e0008b9d05ba3c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T11:26:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 José Ronaldo Alves Araújo.pdf: 4382435 bytes, checksum: 618af73b19c06c52b8e0008b9d05ba3c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-06-15 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This dissertation presents a qualitative investigation which was carried out within thscope of Statistics teaching and lasted for the potentialities of GeoGebra for an understanding of the Meditation of Central Tendency concepts. Based on the didactic actions, the formulation, validation and institutionalization of the Theory of Didactic Situations, the search was developed through a sequence of activities. The methodological methods for the elaboration, application and analysis of the activities were realized by the Engineering dimensions as preliminary techniques such as a priori analysis, experiment and a posteriori analysis. The participants in the research program was a high school group of the 1st grade in a public school in the state of São Paulo. The application of the class was carried out in a computer lab of the same school and was divided by four sessions of five minutes. The participants, through GeoGebra, treated the data of each activity and were answering the questions of the present study. Ahead of questions and answers, it was possible to identify, from the dialectical practices of the theoretical, the potentialities of GeoGebra for an understanding of the proposed mathematical objectives, such as, in a dialectic of action, the organization of the data and the search for answers to some questions. This organization of the data in tables, lists, ordered lists, graphical representation or even values for the Central Administration classes allows the students, a formulation dialectic, to reflect on the representation of the values in relation to the data set. The various representations of the data in the GeoGebra windows, in a validation dialectic, favor the participation of the participants on the relation of the indicators with the data of their origin. These multiple representations of a set of data allow other questions, allowing the discussion on market conditions, such as the evaluation of trends, which contributed to the teacher, a dialectic of institutionalization with the students, would be able to promote of consolidation of knowledge / Esta dissertação apresenta uma investigação de caráter qualitativo, realizada no âmbito do ensino da Estatística, e teve como objetivo identificar potencialidades do GeoGebra para a compreensão dos conceitos de Medidas de Tendência Central. Com base nas dialéticas de ação, formulação, validação e institucionalização da Teoria das Situações Didáticas, a pesquisa foi desenvolvida por meio de uma sequência de atividades. Os procedimentos metodológicos para elaboração, aplicação e análise das atividades utilizaram aspectos da Engenharia Didática com as análises preliminares, análises a priori, experimento e análises a posteriori. Participaram desta pesquisa alunos da 1ª série do ensino médio de uma escola da rede pública do estado de São Paulo. A aplicação da proposta ocorreu no laboratório de informática da mesma escola, em quatro sessões de cinquenta minutos e os participantes, por meio do GeoGebra, trataram os dados de cada atividade e responderam aos questionamentos do estudo. Diante dos questionamentos e das respostas apresentadas, foi possível identificar, a partir das dialéticas do aporte teórico, potencialidades do GeoGebra para a compreensão dos objetos matemáticos propostos, tais como, em uma dialética de ação, organizar os dados e encontrar respostas para alguns questionamentos. Essa organização dos dados em tabelas, listas, listas ordenadas, representação gráfica ou mesmo valores para as Medidas de Tendência Central permitiu aos alunos, em uma dialética de formulação, refletirem sobre a representação dos valores em relação ao conjunto de dados. As múltiplas representações dos dados nas janelas do GeoGebra, em uma dialética de validação, favoreceram para que os participantes conjecturassem sobre a relação dos valores encontrados com os dados de sua origem. Essas múltiplas representações de um mesmo conjunto de dados permitiram outros questionamentos, possibilitando discussões acerca de possíveis propriedades para as Medidas de Tendência Central, o que contribuiu para que o professor, em uma dialética de institucionalização junto aos alunos, promovesse a consolidação do saber

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:34:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Victor Vicente Barau.pdf: 1224672 bytes, checksum: f8cfa21eea269f82d6af487c89b1a818 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-01 / The dynamics, the antagonisms and contradictions inside the capitalist mode of production impact the capitalist form of sociability due to the crisis arising from the capitalist economic laws, especially in concerning of the tendency of falling rate of profit law. From a rereading of the theory critic of value, the debate proposed in this dissertation seeks to discusse and meditate about the mediations in which, directly or indirectly, consciously or unconsciously, affect the legal form and political form that is embodied in the Modern State, providing important elements for further discussion of current marixist´s theories of regulation and derivation of political form and legal form. / A dinâmica, os antagonismos e as contradições do modo de produção do capital impactam a forma de sociabilidade capitalista pelas crises cíclicas e estruturais decorrentes das leis econômicas do capital, especialmente na lei da queda tendencial da taxa de lucro. A partir de uma releitura da teoria crítica do valor, o debate proposto na presente dissertação busca discutir e refletir sobre as mediações que, direta ou indiretamente, consciente ou inconscientemente, afetam à forma jurídica do Direito e a forma política que se materializa no Estado moderno, fornecendo elementos importantes para futuros debates das atuais teorias marxistas da regulação e da derivação da forma política e da forma jurídica.

Orientador: Adriana Giaqueto Jacinto / Resumo: A supervisão de estágio é fundamental na formação do assistente social, faz parte do processo de ensino-aprendizagem, trata-se de um espaço educativo que congrega as experiências dos estagiários, o próprio trabalho do assistente social e as questões institucionais. Esse momento oportuniza a formação profissional e a vivência da práxis. Neste sentido, o trabalho dos assistentes sociais, inclusive na supervisão de estágio, é permeado por tendência(s) pedagógica(s). A função pedagógica está relacionada à maneira de agir e pensar dos sujeitos nos processos de trabalho e nos vínculos que se estabelecem com as classes sociais. A tese propõe analisar as tendências pedagógicas presentes no processo de supervisão de estágio na perspectiva dos supervisores de campo, supervisores acadêmicos, docentes e estagiários do curso de Serviço Social de uma Universidade Privada de Minas Gerais. Partimos das concepções de Abreu (2016) que traz os perfis pedagógicos da “ajuda”, “participação” e “emancipação”, e refletimos sobre as mesmas em duas grandes tendências: “neoconservadora” que engloba o “perfil da ajuda” e da “participação”; e a perspectiva da tendência da “emancipação”. Foram utilizados os tipos de pesquisa: bibliográfica, documental e de campo, com abordagem qualitativa. O universo de investigação foi constituído dos campos de estágio de Serviço Social vinculados à IES (Instituição de Ensino Superior) e à própria Universidade. A pesquisa de campo foi realizada através de observação part... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Internship supervision is fundamental in the social worker´s training, it is part of the teaching-learning process, it is an educational space that brings together the trainees' experiences, the social worker's own work and institutional issues. This moment provides the opportunity for professional training and the experience of praxis. In this sense, the work of social workers, including internship supervision, is permeated by pedagogical tendency (s). The pedagogical function is related to the subject´s way of acting and thinking about the work processes and in the bonds that are established with the social classes. This thesis proposes to analyze the pedagogical trends present in the internship supervision process from the perspective of field supervisors, academic supervisors, teachers and interns of the Social Work Course of a private university from Minas Gerais –. We started from the Abreu´s conceptions (2016) that brings the pedagogical profiles of “aid”, “participation” and “emancipation”, and we reflect on them in two major trends: “neoconservative” that encompasses the “profile of aid” and “participation”; and the perspective of the “emancipation” tendency. The research types used were: bibliographic, documentary and field, with qualitative approach. The research universe was consisted in the internship fields of Social Work linked to the HEI (Higher Education Institutions) and the University itself. The field research was conducted through participant´s observatio... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Resumen: La supervisión de pasantías es fundamental en la formación del trabajador social, es parte del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, es un espacio educativo que reúne las experiencias de los alumnos, el trabajo propio del trabajador social y los problemas institucionales. Este momento brinda la oportunidad de capacitación profesional y la experiencia de la praxis. En este sentido, el trabajo de los trabajadores sociales, incluida la supervisión de pasantías, está impregnado de tendencias pedagógicas. La función pedagógica está relacionada con la forma de actuar y pensar de los sujetos en los procesos de trabajo y en los vínculos que se establecen con las clases sociales. La tesis propone analizar las tendencias pedagógicas presentes en el proceso de supervisión de pasantías desde la perspectiva de supervisores de campo, supervisores académicos, docentes y pasantes del curso de Trabajo Social de una Universidad Privada de Minas Gerais. Partimos de las concepciones de Abreu (2016) que trae los perfiles pedagógicos de "ayuda", "participación" y "emancipación", y reflexionamos sobre ellos en dos tendencias principales: "neoconservador" que abarca el "perfil de ayuda" y " participación "; y la perspectiva de la tendencia a la "emancipación". Los tipos de investigación fueron: bibliográfica, documental y de campo, con enfoque cualitativo. El universo de la investigación estuvo constituido por los campos de pasantías de Trabajo Social vinculados con el IES y la propia Universidad. La in... (Resumen completo clicar acceso eletrônico abajo) / Doutor

為落實「善用資訊科技、共享數位資源、激發創意思考」之教育理念，本研究分別以採用具備社群互動與資源傳遞功能之社群平台PasteWall的實驗組，以及採用一般實體面對面學習互動模式的對照組，進行創造思考學習活動，以探究社群平台是否有助於提昇學習者創造思考與聚斂評估能力，也進一步分析在電腦中介溝通的學習環境中，同儕資源分享與想法回應情形，是否優於傳統體面對面學習互動。研究結果歸納如下： 一、實體面對面互動的對照組同儕互動程度高於使用PasteWall社群平台之實驗組，但兩者的資源分享量無顯著差異；實驗組訊息回應量顯著高於互動密切的對照組，顯示應用社群平台有助於促進學習資源的傳遞與分享。 二、使用PasteWall社群平台進行互動的實驗組學習者，分享互動後的流暢力與獨創力表現顯著高於對照組學習者；實驗組低創造傾向的學習者在變通力與獨創力表現上顯著優於對照組低創造傾向學習者；研究結果支持PasteWall社群平台有助於提升實驗組與低創造傾向學習者部分擴散思考表現。 三、實驗組獲得正向評價的想法被發表之百分比明顯高於獲得中間評價想法；對 照組獲得正向評價的想法被發表的百分比明顯高於獲得中間及負向評價的 想法；顯示同儕評價向度與學習者的想法發表具有部分關聯。 四、實驗組學習者在創造思考學習任務的成效表現，顯著優於對照組學習者。 此外，根據本研究教學實驗結果，提出以下教學實務建議： 一、教師可應用學習社群平台規劃團體腦力激盪的合作式學習，激發學習者的擴散思考能力。 二、教師應適當應用電腦中介溝通的特點，協助不同特質的學生發展其創造思考關鍵能力。 三、同儕回饋對學習者分享學習成果的意願有一定程度影響，教師可適時應用學 習社群平台提供虛擬互動的學習環境，提升學習者向同儕分享想法的動機。 / In order to fulfill the educational philosophy of Using Information Technology Optimally, Sharing Digital Resources and Activating Creative Thinking, this study used two groups to implement creative thinking and learning activities, including a experimental group, which adopted the community platform of PasteWall with the function of community interaction and resource transfer, and a control group respectively, which adopted usual learning mode of physical face-to-face interaction. If the community platform is helpful to upgrade the learners’ creative thinking and convergent evaluation abilities was explored. Furthermore, if the resources sharing and thought responding among peers in the learning environment with computer-mediated communication are better than that with traditional face-to-face learning interaction was analyzed. The results of the study are summarized as below: 1. The interactive level among peers in the control group with physical face-to-face interaction is higher than that in the experimental group adopting the community platform of PasteWall. However, the volumes of resources sharing between two groups have no significant difference. The volume of response to thought in the experimental group is significantly higher than that in the control group with closer interaction, which indicates that the community platform benefits the improvement of resources transfer and share. 2. For the learners in the experimental group utilizing the community platform of PasteWall to interact, the performance of fluency and originality after interaction is significantly higher than that in the control group. Learners with low creative tendency in the experimental group perform significantly better in flexibility and originality than the learners in the control group with low creative tendency. The results of the study indicated that the community platform of PasteWall was helpful to upgrade the performance of divergent thinking for learners with low creative tendency in the experimental group. 3. The percentage of thought with positive evaluation which is posted in the experimental group is obviously higher than that with intermediate evaluation. For the control group, the percentage of thought with positive evaluation which is posted is also obviously higher than that with intermediate and negative evaluation. It indicates that the evaluation dimension of peers has some correlation with the posting of the learners’ thought. 4. Learners in the experimental group have achieved better performance in the learning tasks with creative thinking than those in the control group. In addition, suggestions are put forward for teaching practice on the basis of the results of the study: 1. Teachers should utilize learning community platform to plan group brainstorming cooperative learning and activate learners’ divergent thinking ability. 2. Teachers should properly utilize the characteristics of computer-mediated communication to assist students with different personalities to develop the critical ability of creative thinking. 3. The responses from peers have some impact on learners’ willingness to share the achivements of learning. Teachers can timely apply learning community platform to provide virtual interactive learning environment and upgrade the motivation of learners to share their thoughts with peers.

美國的少數幾家大型影視產業資本不僅主導了境內市場，也在全球市場占有領先的份額，因而對美國影視產業的批判經常出自於反壟斷、反帝反傾銷的動機，目的在保護民族市場或多元文化。然而美國是最早讓動態影像（motion picture）商業化、產業化，使資本能藉之積累擴張，而不必由政府以長期固定的財政手段支持的少數國家之一；並且不同於大量進口產品與技術的後進國，美國很早就成為影視產品的淨出口國，同時在傳播科技與生產手段上持續革新，一至如今。藉由探索美國影視產業的發展史，有助於我們理解影視產業資本的運動軌跡；也就是探討在影視產業內，資本如何剝奪剩餘價值、發達生產力、擴大生產規模的政治經濟歷程。 一般而言，個別資本為擴大利潤率而不斷地更新生產技術以提升生產力，長期卻總體地導致利潤率下降的結果。或說資本運動具有周期性：按利潤率的波動，一再地經歷危機、蕭條、復甦、高漲的循環。美國影視產業史已經說明了這些階段，然而利潤率如何變遷，以及相應生產手段的更替、生產關係的變革，還有待釐清。 藉長時段的國民所得與生產帳（National Income and Product Account, NIPA）以及產業稅務報告所登錄的資料，本文得到 1947年至1997年間電影業前後一貫可比較的利潤率計算根據。資料顯示，二十世紀下半的美國電影利潤率幾經波動，長期有明顯下降的趨勢。按Weisskopf所提的利潤率要項拆解法，就各周期利潤率作進一步分析，可知戰後利潤率轉壞主因為市場萎縮減產，七○年後利潤率轉壞則因為工資上升與資本投入過速的效果。 在回顧美國電影業百年來的流通手段與生產過程歷程後，與利潤率變遷材料與分析結果互為理解，可知晚近利潤率轉壞的主因為資本仰賴少數廠外秀異生產者，使對生產者的工資議價力降低。與早年的量產制相較，這是資本解散廠內長聘勞動隊伍，使生產外部化造成的非意圖後果。為突破量產時代的生產力發展瓶頸，資本逐漸集中到少量差異化的高質量特製電影製作上，以爭取更深更廣的流通，實現更高的利潤份額，同時節省量產所需的人力。長期下來造成資本的兩極分配，使勞動者的晉升、流動乃至於再生產出現困難。 資本因應秀異者高工資的利潤擠壓以及勞動者再生產困難的困局，是藉全球化之便作生產外逃，使產業空洞化。除了取他國低廉勞動力與製作補貼的外因以解釋晚近美國電影業深化全球分工的格局，本文試圖提供長時段資本運動的內因，作為理解當代全球好萊塢構造的另一途徑。 / A few giant corporations dominate US domestic motion picture market and also play key roles in global markets. So people who criticize this situations are usually motivated by goals of anti-monopoly, anti-imperialist or anti-dumping and want to protect their own national market or pluralistic culture. However, motion pictures in US have been commercialized and traded for capital accumulation and expansion since their birth. Not like other countries' governments give stable financial support to their movie and TV industries, US motion picture industry seldom received government direct supports and US has been major exporter of video goods and new communication technology after 1910s. By exploring the history of motion picture industry we would understand the capital movement of this industry. In other words, we need to identify the political economic process of capital exploits video goods, occupies surplus value, and promotes the innovation of technology and expansion. Generally speaking, individual capital renews production technology and upgrades productivity for higher rate of profit while makes macro/total profit rate falling in the long run. It is said that the movement of capital is cyclic and production would experiences phases like crisis, recessionary, recovery, and upswing. We could identify these phases in the history of US motion picture industry, but we didn't know exactly how and why profit rate fluctuated and the mode of production, relation of production changed correspondingly. I collected raw data from National Income and Product Account published by Bureau of Economic Analysis and corporation tax reports published by Internal Revenue System which were calculated for for profit rate of motion picture industry from 1947 to 1997. The result shows that the rate of profit falling in the long run. And I used Weisskopf's method to analysis the factors of profit rate and have conclusions that the first falling rate of profit after 2nd world war was caused by market shrinking and the second one was caused by rising wage and organic composition of capital. By reviewing the history of US motion picture industry, especially the process of means of circulation and production changed, then comparing the history with trend of profit rate, I argue that the main reason of falling rate in last decades is stronger bargaining power of a few elite talents who asked for ultra-high compensations. When capital faced shrinking market and tried to saved normal cost by dismissing lots of in-house labour and production outsourcing, it could not help but rely "free" workers and accepted unexpected high wages while more and more fund and resources were concentrated on fewer and fewer production projects. A few ultra-high quality films which circulate more widely and deeply would realize more profit and save labour cost for capital. But in the long run this would polarize capital using and make upgrading, mobility and reproduction of labour more difficult. Furthermore, the accumulation of capital is difficult too as profit rate falling. Capital responded to this plight by production runaway. This is the main issue of Global Hollywood. Besides the factors of cheaper labour or subsidies from foreign governments, I try to argue the inner logic of capital movement would lead the same result. That's why global Hollywood globalized.

Σκοπός αυτής της διπλωματικής εργασίας είναι να εμβαθύνουμε στη λειτουργία φωτοβολταϊκού πλαισίου μονοκρυσταλλικού πυριτίου και μέσα από τα αριθμητικά δεδομένα των μετρήσεων και των υπολογισμών, να αποφανθούμε πώς η λειτουργία σε πραγματικές συνθήκες μπορεί να επηρεάσει την παραγόμενη ισχύ του. Στα πλαίσια αυτά, πραγματοποιήθηκαν μετρήσεις ρεύματος και τάσης, στο χώρο του τμήματος των Ηλεκτρολόγων Μηχανικών και Τεχνολογίας Υπολογιστών, με φωτοβολταϊκό πλαίσιο μονοκρυσταλλικού πυριτίου ισχύος αιχμής 80 W. Οι μετρήσεις γίνονταν μια φορά την εβδομάδα κατά τη διάρκεια ενός έτους περίπου (2008-2009) και στόχος ήταν να διεξαχθούν μετρήσεις υπό διάφορες συνθήκες ακτινοβολίας και θερμοκρασίας και για αρκετές γωνίες κλίσης ώστε να αποκτήσουμε μια ολοκληρωμένη εικόνα της ενεργειακής του συμπεριφοράς. Στη διάρκεια των μετρήσεων αλλάζαμε την τιμή ενός μεταβλητού φορτίου, για να πάρουμε τη χαρακτηριστική ρεύματος τάσης του συγκεκριμένου πλαισίου και επιπλέον σημειώναμε την ακτινοβολία, τη θερμοκρασία του περιβάλλοντος, του κυττάρου και της πίσω όψης του, καθώς και της κλίσης τοποθέτησης. Ακόμα ελέγχαμε πώς επηρεάζει τη χαρακτηριστική καμπύλη I-V, και κατά συνέπεια την απόδοση, τυχόν φυσική σκίαση από παρακείμενο αντικείμενο. Ο προσανατολισμός των πλαισίων ήταν πάντα προς το Νότο, ώστε να έχουμε περισσότερες ώρες ηλιοφάνειας, μίας και η Ελλάδα είναι χώρα του βόρειου ημισφαιρίου. Κατά την επεξεργασία των μετρήσεων καταλήξαμε στην βέλτιστη κλίση τοποθέτησης του πλαισίου ανά εποχή και είδαμε πως η ακτινοβολία επιδρά θετικά στην απόδοση του σε αντίθεση με τη θερμοκρασία του κυττάρου που τη μειώνει όταν αυτή αυξάνεται. Τέλος, έγινε μια σύγκριση των τιμών που δίνει ο κατασκευαστής σε εργαστηριακό περιβάλλον με τις τιμές των μετρήσεων για να διαπιστώσουμε τις απώλειες που έχουμε όταν το μονοκρυσταλλικό πλαίσιο λειτουργεί σε πραγματικές συνθήκες. / The aim of this diploma thesis is to take a better look at the operation of a monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic module and through the numerical data of measurements and the calculations, to come to a conclusion about how the operation in real conditions can influence his produced power. Measurements of current and tendency have been made in the area of the department of Electrical and Computer Engineering using a monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic module of peak power 80 W. The measurements took place once a week for about a year (2008-2009) and our goal was to obtain measurements under various conditions of radiation and temperature and for some angles of bent so that we acquire a completed picture of its energy behavior. During the measurements we changed a variable load, in order to form the characteristic curve of current and tendency of the module and we also noted down the radiation, the environmental, the cell and the back side temperature of the module, as well as the bent of placement. Moreover, we checked how a possible natural shading from an adjacent object influences the characteristic I-V curve, and as a result the efficiency of the module. The orientation of the module was always South, in order to gain more hours of sunlight, since Greece is a country of the northern hemisphere. While processing the measurements, we found the optimal bent of placement per season for the module and we saw that the radiation affects positively its efficiency contrary to the cell temperature that decreases the efficiency when increased. Finally, we compare the electrical specifications in laboratorial environment that the constructor gives, with the measurements in order to realise the losses that we have when the monocrystalline module functions in real conditions.

Much of the effort that goes into a purchasing decision occurs at the stage where a choice has to be made from the available alternative clothing products (Solomon & Rabolt, 2009:392). In this phase of the decision making process, consumers’ perceptions of the clothing item they anticipate to purchase includes evaluation of the clothing and the application of specific evaluative criteria in order to assess the suitability of the clothing item (Saricam, Kalaoglu, Ozdygu & Urun, & 2012:2). Evaluative criteria are the specifications or standards that consumers use when comparing and assessing alternatives (Forney, Park & Brandon, 2005:158). Because consumer needs vary not only by the product they want to purchase but also in terms of information (Forney et al., 2005:158), identifying the evaluative criteria that consumers use in the clothing purchasing decision-making process may provide an insight into preferences relative to specific products, such as clothing. While several studies have shown that the purchasing decision can be influenced by individual differences as well as environmental influences, it is no doubt that the investigation of each of these variables provides important clues to understanding consumer purchase decision broadly, but are limited in some parts in their explanations when it comes to clothing purchasing decision. Literature has highlighted the significance of body shape on clothing preferences because of the inherent relationship between the clothing product and the body. The difference in body shape often determines how clothing will drape on a figure, how comfortable the garment feels and ultimately how the clothing product will be evaluated by the consumer. Moreover, personal values, which are defined as the desired end-states have been shown to be one of the most powerful explanations of, and influence on the way consumers are likely to behave in a specific situation, such as the purchasing of new clothing product, the process that includes evaluation, choosing among the alternatives and finally the purchasing decision (Vincent 2014:119; Kim et al. 2002:481; Laverie, Klein & Klein, 1993:2). Additionally, while in the process of evaluating various clothing attributes for the suitability of the clothing product in terms of body shape and personal values, female consumers may experience either positive or negative emotions (Zeelenberg et al., 2008:18), depending on how the clothing is assessed. Most theories of emotional influences on decision making take the valence-based approach (Lerner & Keltener, 2000:473), focusing on the effects of positive versus negative emotional states. However, Lerner and Keltener (2000:473), have suggested that emotion specific approach, in particular the Appraisal-Tendency Framework (ATF) model is more effective to understand and predict the influence of specific emotions on decision making and behaviour. Consumers’ choice of the clothes based on the evaluative criteria during the decision making process is regarded as a form of consumer input to the clothing manufacturing and design (May-Plumee & Little, 2006:62). Since these underlying factors are regarded as important for understanding the rationale behind consumer clothing purchasing decision and behaviour, a thorough investigation of such factors on how they impact clothing evaluative criteria is greatly necessary. This may help and guide the clothing manufacturers and retailer on how to design and produce clothing products that are most relevant for the needs and preferences of South African female consumers. The study, therefore, aimed to determine the influence of body shape and personal values on women’s preferences for and use of intrinsic evaluative criteria (styling/design, colour/pattern, appearance, appropriateness/acceptance, fit/sizing, comfort and fibre content/material) in the purchasing of casual blouse/top, trouser/skirt and dress. Information on the relevant importance of various clothing product attributes in the consumers’ mind may provide clothing manufacturers and designers with the basis for effective new clothing product development and marketing strategies. Furthermore, considering that emotions are involved in clothing purchasing decision, the study also focused on understanding the influence of emotions on clothing purchasing decision and subsequent behaviour. This study reflected the postpositive philosophical worldview which is typically associated with quantitative approach. In this case, the study assumed quantitative research design and methods and is regarded as exploratory in nature. Using purposeful, convenient and snowball techniques, the sample was solicited in Gauteng, Johannesburg, South Africa. A total of 316 women aged between 18 and 66 plus years old took part in the study. A survey using a group administered questionnaire was used to collect primary data from the respondents. The group administered questionnaire included demographic information of the participants, self-reported perceived body shape measure, personal values measure, evaluative measure and emotions measure. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze demographic information, as well as on overall data before inferential statistics were performed. Inferential statistics such as the z-test was applied to establish the significant evaluative criteria and to test the proportions of the selected emotions. Chi-Square test of independence was used to determine the association between body shape evaluative criteria investigated, while nonlinear canonical correlation analysis (OVERALS) was performed to establish the relationship between personal values and evaluative criteria and lastly, discriminant analysis was used determine purchasing behaviour. The analysis established that fit/sizing and comfort are the most important evaluative criteria that women consider in the purchasing of casual clothing categories studied. Respondents, also agreed that styling/design was the determinant evaluative criteria when purchasing a casual dress, while fit/sizing was the determinant evaluative criteria in the purchasing of a casual blouse/top and trouser/skirt. The results further showed that respondents in this study who perceive themselves to be diamond shaped, think colour/pattern is very important particularly when purchasing a casual blouse/top. However, when purchasing a trouser/skirt, the results reflected that the oval body shaped respondents think styling/design is very important, while respondents who perceive themselves to be rectangular body shaped, consider comfort when purchasing a casual dress. With regards to the relationship between personal values and evaluative criteria, the study found that when purchasing a casual blouse, respondents consider the appearance for the achievement of warm relationship with others, excitement and confidence. The results also indicated that through fit/size of a blouse/top, female consumers strongly aspired for self-respect. The results further showed that through the styling/design of a blouse/top, female consumers in this study want to achieve self-fulfillment, while a sense of accomplishment is influenced by the comfort of a casual blouse/top. On the other hand it was also revealed that appropriateness/acceptability of a casual blouse/top seemed to influence fun and enjoyment as well as sense of belonging. In the purchasing of a casual trouser/skirt, the results clearly showed that in order to achieve a warm relationship with others, female consumers strongly considered the fibre content/material and colour/pattern of trouser/skirt. The results also suggested that consumer considered the appearance of a trouser/skirt for the achievement of sense of belonging and self-fulfillment, while the styling/design of a trouser/skirt was somewhat considered for attainment of excitement. Through the fit/sizing of a casual trouser/skirt, it was shown that female consumers strongly aspired to achieve self-respect, confidence as well as fun and enjoyment. The results further highlighted that respondents considered appropriateness/acceptability of a casual trouser to somewhat influence being well-respected, while comfort of a casual trouser somewhat influenced a sense of accomplishment. In the purchasing of a casual dress, the results indicated that in order to achieve excitement and a warm relationship with others, female consumers in this study considered the appearance. The results further suggested that through the appearance of dress respondents somewhat also aspired for a sense of belonging. On the other hand, the results clearly revealed that respondents will consider fibre content/material, styling/design, fit/sizing and colour of casual dress in order to achieve self-respect, self-fulfillment, confidence, being well-respected and a sense of accomplishment. Lastly the results demonstrated that the best behaviour that drives the emotion “disgust” is “I walk away”. On the other had the best behaviour that drives the emotion “sadness” is “I spend more time shopping around”. The results were fully consistent and gave support to the emotions specific hypothesis (ATF) which postulates that different emotions of the same valence for instance, “disgust” and “sad”, both being negative, can exert opposing influences on decision making and behavior. However, concerning the positive specific emotions, it emerged that there were no behaviour differences between the emotions “happiness” and “contentment”, probably, suggesting unpredictable behaviour. It is, therefore, recommended that clothing designers and retailers should have a knowledge of the attributes that are preferred by female consumers of various body shape. It is also recommended that clothing manufacturers and retailers should endeavor to understand the value systems of their target. This study has contributed to the body of knowledge of understanding the role that body shape, personal values and emotions play in the clothing purchasing decision and behaviour. / Life and Consumer Sciences / Ph. D. (Consumer Science)

This thesis is an examination of why South Africans have converted to Buddhism, how this conversion has come about and what the meaning of the conversion has been in their lives. Chapter one is a literature review which revealed very little literature available on conversion to Buddhism and less on the conversion of South Africans to Buddhism. L.R. Rambo's Theory of Conversion is used in this thesis to see if these conversions to Buddhism can be understood within this theory. In Chapter two Rambo's theory, which is a holistic model for conversion, is analyzed in detail. He proposes seven stages within his model: crisis, quest, encounter, interaction, commitment and consequences. Context is Rambo's first stage and in Chapter three the socio-historic and religious background of these converts is examined. In order to understand how and why these conversions have come about there needs to be an understanding of the background from which these converts come. Taking Refuge (or the Gohonzon Ceremony) was used for the purpose of this thesis to be the turning point from non-Buddhist to Buddhists. In Chapter four the meaning and importance of Taking Refuge is discussed. The empirical aspect of this thesis was to interview twenty South Africans who had converted to Buddhism. Chapter five is a detailed analysis of these interviews and Appendix two gives the questionnaire used. The aim of this analysis was firstly, to investigate whether these conversions to Buddhism can be understood in the context of Rambo's theory, secondly, to see whether Taking Refuge is the correct choice of the turning point from non-Buddhist to Buddhist. In the conclusion it was found that Rambo's theory did not fully account for the conversion of the interviewees to Buddhism, and that Taking Refuge was not necessarily a good focal point in the conversion process. In the light of this a Developmental theory of becoming a Buddhist was proposed which has the following steps: Context, exposure, interest invoked, practical application, commitment and consequences. From the analysis of the people interviewed their conversion to Buddhism was a developmental process rather than a conversion as such. Hence their conversion fitted more closely with a Developmental theory than with Rambo's theory of conversion. This ties in with the discovery amongst the interviewees that none of them experienced one focal point at which they became Buddhist. For most of the interviewees becoming a Buddhist was a developmental process, with many of them having some sort of proto-Buddhist tendency within them before ever hearing about Buddhism. / RELIGIOUS STUDIES and ARABIC / DLITT ET PHIL (REL STUD)

A discussão sobre a pesquisa faz-se necessária em todas as áreas do conhecimento, tanto para seu aprimoramento como para atualização e busca constante da qualidade. Assim, esta dissertação, procura discutir e analisar a pesquisa em Turismo, suas tendências e limitações. A primeira parte desta dissertação constitui-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, ou seja, uma análise e comparação entre autores para a compreensão dos diversos métodos de pesquisa existentes. A segunda parte verifica, através de pesquisa exploratória com Mestres e Doutores formados por Programas Stricto Sensu de Turismo no Brasil, as influências, limitações e considerações destes pesquisadores a respeito do processo de pesquisa. Os resultados mostraram a predominância no uso pesquisa exploratória e na estratégia de pesquisa de campo nas dissertações de Mestrado. Neste sentido, entendemos a importância deste trabalho como uma contribuição ao estudo da teoria e prática de métodos de investigação científica aplicado à pesquisa em Turismo. / The discussion on Academic Research is necessary in all areas of knowledge, not only improving its quality but also to provide continuous update in the quality. This dissertation discusses and analyzes the research on the Tourism field, its status and limitations. In the first part of this dissertation we have tried through a library research design an analysis and comparison among authors in order to understand the several given definitions on research methods. The second part provides through exploratory research with Master and Doctors graduated in Stricto Sensu Tourism programs in Brazil, the influences, limitations and considerations. In this sense, we understand the importance of this work as a contribution to the study of theory and practice of Research Methods applied to Tourism research.