Titel: Preparation for beginning to be active in professional tennis Goals: Goal of my work is to analyze general preparation for children to start actively in performance tennis, are conditioning, technique, tactics, and physiological preparation. Method: For being successful of the assigned tasks, we used diagnostic methods and processed the following analysis of their data in fitness, technique training, tactics, and physiological preparation. Results: They compare general preparations of baby tennis players and show diagnostics while working with children. Key words: Tennis, babytennis, condition, technique, tactics, mentally.

Title: Fulfilling the principles of fair play tennis with players from age categories under 12 and 14 Objectives: The goal was to implement and evaluate the interview focused on compliance with the principles of fair play among tennis players in the age categories under 12 and 14. The research was based on the findings of randomly selected match participants made in the context of competition mixed tennis teams to provide insight into the present situation of fair play in these age categories, to identify problematic issues and provide recommendations for practice. Methods: The research method was a structured interview containing questions enclosed or semi-enclosed. Results: The object of the research were players of tennis in ages under 12 and under 14 born in 2003 - 2005, respectively 2001 - 2002. The results of the two-month research showed that the most serious transgressions, which are contrary to the principles of fair play, include break of game rules and inappropriate behavior. Failure to shake hand with an opponent and expressions of superiority over weaker opponents occurred to a lesser extent. Apart from view of one player under 12 allowing the use of doping substances in certain circumstances none mentioned that the use of these means is generally approved. Tennis environment and...

This thesis focuses on testing the motoric assumptions of junior category tennis players in certain sport games. The aim of this thesis is to compare the results of the motoric test regarding to three tennis players of various performance levels in chosen sport games. Thus define the substantive significance and specificity of each test towards tennis. The assumptions in the theoretical part are based on my Bachelor thesis. In said thesis I am dealing with the characteristics of tennis, the structure of sport performance, the factors which determine the sport efficiency in tennis and most importantly on physical condition. The theoretical part is also widened by newly acquired knowledge. In the result part, based on the comparison of the three tennis players of different performance levels, the substantive significance of the test in tennis was stated. Subsequently we present the results of our test subjects in selected sport games. Using the comparative analysis the differences of motoric assumptions in various sport games are stated. In conclusion the specificity of each test for tennis is evaluated. We confirmed the substantive significance for all the test besides the standing long jump test. The specificity was confirmed for hexagon, spider and the test of endurance suited for tennis. The...

Title: Analysis of the toss and impact in the tennis serve Objectives: The objective of our work is to analyse the phase of toss and hit in tennis serve and to compare the results between the players themselves. Methods: As the main method of data collection we used kinematic 3D analysis. Additional method was semi-structured interview with selected players for research. Results: We found that more stable performance at the phase of toss and hit achieves the player with the higher position on the tennis ranking. Furthermore we found that the ball in all serves was hit in front of the players body. The largest range of variation (most unstable) in both players was width M, that means hitting ball in a frontal plane in consideration of the vertical axis Y established by left foot tip designed by the server's. Conversely the most stable in both players was height of shoulders when hit. Keywords: tennis serve, toss, hit, kinematic 3D analysis

Title: Evolution of Prize Money for the 1st places in selected sports Objectives: The main aim of this Master Thesis is to analyse evolution of prize money for winners in selected competitions and disciplines of golf, tennis, athletics and figure skating and prognosis of their evolution until 2020. Another goal is to compare the results of this prognosis and try to determine what influences the evolution. Methods: Methods used for prognosis of the future evolution are prognostic functions FORECAST and LOGLINTREND. Quality of prognosis is based on the Theil Index of Inequality. Trendline is also used to determine future evolution of the data. The correct trendline is chosen based on its reliability value. Results: Result of this theses is the discovery that prize money in history was progressively growing especially in traditional tournaments in tennis and golf. In younger series of competitions in figure skating and athletics prize money remained constant within the years. Prognosis suggests further increase in prize money in Grand Slam and Major tournaments and stagnation in Diamond League and ISU Grand Prix. Keywords: prize money, prognosis, professional sport, golf, tennis, athletics, figure skating

Title: Temperament and its consideration in the formation of training units in tennis for younger pupils. Objectives: The aim of the thesis is to determine temperament of pupils, to apply . model training unit and find out how much influence their athletic . ……………. performanece during training. . Methods: In this paper is use subjective method of observation, analysis methods of artistic expression, assessment method using a numerical rating scales and questionnaires investigation detecting subjective feelings from treined unit. Results: I found that the most frequently occurring is sanguine temperament, around fifty percent, then the least frequent is melancholic temperament. I also observed that temperament should really be an integral part in the creation of training units in tennis for younger pupils. Almost all tested (14/15) has seen positive reception during training units offs of their temperament and negative using opposing units. Likewise, it was with efficiency and dedication of younger pupils during training. Keywords: pupils, tennis, temperament, training unit, psyche

A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Education, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master in Education / This study aimed to assess selected physiological, osmoregulatory and thermoregulatory responses to tennis play in children, Twenty-four young male tennis players (X age; 13.3+ 1.31 years) were stndied while playing for 90 min under warm environmental conditions (WBGT index= 13-19). Ad libitum consumption of pure water was permitted. Questionnaires were used in order to elicit information regarding the health status, degree of aeelimatizationnnd pre-match trait and state anxiety of the subjects. The physiological variables assessed. included pre- and post-match rectal temperature (T), heart rate (HR) and oxygen consumption (02) during the match. The biochemical observations included pre- and postmatch blood glucose, haematoerit (Ret), haemoglobin (lIb), plasma electrolyte (Na", Cl', K+, Mg++) and total plasma protein (TPP) concentrations. The findings )q~ed that the young tennis players investigated in this study experienced, ~de!'ate levels of pre-competitive trait and state amdety. The estimated nie.m exercise intensity of 50-55% of VOzmax for a duration of 90 min resulted. in a Tre increase of 0.73 •C. Mean percentage dehydration was 0.MO+O.25. Plasma volume (PV) changes were insignificant and were positively related to TPP changes. Mean plasma. Na" and CI- concentrations increased by 0.88 mmol.r" and 2.2 mmol.r:' respectively. The subjects' mean H... response (145 bpm) of a subset or the sample(n=13) and estimated VOz (21.38 ml.kg-l.min-~ represented a 55% of the age adjusted HRmax reserve and approximately a 50-55% of V02 max respectively. The time spent within the target heart rate range (60-85% HR. max reserve) comprised only 33% of the match duration. Mean energy expenditure was estimated to be 1772 KJ dUl'ing the 90 min period. Itwas calculated that in order to prevent harmful levels of dehydration under warm environmental conditions and at an exercise intensity of tennis play of approximately 55% of the age adjusted HR max reserve or 50-55% of V02 max, consumption of 4.44-6.81 mI.Kg-1.br-1 or 200-360 ml.hr" of water is recommended in young tennis players possessing a body mass of 45-53 Kg. The precise quantity was concluded to be a function of the mass and exercise intensity of the subjects and the environmental heat stress index during play. / Andrew Chakane 2018

Research on burnout has typically focused on individuals in the human service or helping occupations, More recently studies and conceptual models have appeared investigating burnout in the athletic environment, The bulk of research 011 athletic burnout has been conducted on coaches and, consequently, there is a dearth of empirical research on athlete burnout. 'the present study compared tennis players with gymnasts to determine which group is more likely to experience a higher incidence of burnout. The study also sought to investigate whether any relationship was evident between sport specific factors on the one hand, and burnout, tedium and psychological distress on the other. Three objective questionnaires consisting of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MDI). Tedium measure and General Health Questionnaire 28 item scale (GHQ-28), as well as a sport specific questionnaire developed by the author, were used to collect data from 20 provincial and national tennis players (10 male and 10 female) and 20 provincial and elite gymnasts (10 male and 10 female). Statistical analysis of the questionnaires revealed a number of important findings. It was found that sport group was not a significant factor in the assessment of athlete burnout. Gender, however, was highly significant with females more likely to experience burnout than males. It was shown that females experience low levels of sport enjoyment, social support and personal accomplishment and high levels of sport pressure, emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation, tedium and psychological distress. Key relationships were further identified between the sport specific variables of sport enjoyment, social support and sport pressure, and the burnout, tedium and psychological distress variables. Negative sport performance such as low enjoyment and social support and heightened feelings of sport pressure were strongly related to high levels of burnout, tedium and psychological distress. Recommendations for future research are made on the basis of these findings.

La littérature a montré que les parents jouent un rôle non négligeable au cours des premières étapes de formation des jeunes athlètes vers le haut niveau (années d’échantillonnage, années de spécialisation). Leurs types et degrés d’implication (logistique, informationnelle, émotionnelle et directivité, pression, autonomie) semblent permettre de palier aux contraintes de ressources, de motivation et d’effort rencontrées lors de la longue pratique délibérée de l’activité sportive. Ils influencent également les variables psychologiques, motivationnelles, affectives et conatives des jeunes athlètes. Cependant, les études dans le domaine du rôle de la famille dans le sport ont majoritairement été menées dans les pays anglo-saxons, américains et canadiens, suggérant un manque d’outils de mesure en France et des différences culturelles au niveau des résultats. Les parents ne sont peut-être pas autant considérés en France et leur implication n’est peut-être pas perçue comme essentielle. De plus, les relations entre les déterminants de la performance (implication, motivation, plaisir, effort, engagement) n’ont pas été analysées, et encore moins comparées selon le sexe de l’adolescent, son étape de formation et le sexe des parents. Ainsi, huit études sollicitant des adolescents joueurs de tennis et leurs parents ont été mises en œuvre afin de répondre à ces quelques limites, incluant des approches quantitatives et qualitatives. Des questionnaires de l’implication parentale ont notamment été construits et validés. Les principales conclusions montrent tout d’abord l’importance des parents dans l’environnement social du jeune sportif. Ensuite, les parents se perçoivent d’autant plus impliqués dans le sport de leur enfant lorsque le niveau de jeu de ce dernier augmente, en élaborant un projet familial. Puis, les types et les degrés d’implication tissent des liens spécifiques entre eux (émotionnelle / autonomie et directivité / pression / informationnelle). Enfin, des enchaînements de cause à effet existent. Globalement, l’implication logistique influence la perception du climat motivationnel qui a un impact sur la motivation, source de conséquences affectives et conatives. Les séquences causales évoluent non seulement en fonction du niveau d’autodétermination (force des liens et totalité des médiations) mais aussi selon l’étape de formation des adolescents, le sexe des parents et les dyades relationnelles. / Previous studies have highlighted that parents have an important role during the two first steps of the young athletes’ development to the high level (sampling years, specializing years). Their involvement (logistic, informational, emotional, directivity, pressure and autonomy) seems to permit to cope with constraints of resources, motivation and effort suggested by the sportive activity’s deliberate practice. Their support also influences young athletes’ psychological, motivational, affective and behavioral characteristics. But, works in the field of family involvement in sport have mainly been conducted in American, Canadian and English countries, suggesting a lack of measurement tools in France and cultural differences about results. Parents are probably not considered as much in France than in other countries and their involvement is perhaps not perceived as essential. Moreover, relations between performance determinants (motivation, pleasure, effort and commitment) have not been analyzed, and yet less compared according to adolescent’s sex, his level of practice and parents’ sex. So, eight studies soliciting adolescent tennis players and their parents have been put in place in order to answer to these several limits, including qualitative and quantitative approaches. Questionnaires of parental involvement have been constructed and validated. Main conclusions have first highlighted the importance of parents in the tennis player’s social environment. Then, parents have perceived themselves as much implicated in their child’s activity that the level of practice increases, elaborating a familial sportive project. Next, types and degrees of parental support have specific links between them (emotional / autonomy and directivity / pressure / informational). Finally, causal sequences exist. Overall, logistic support influences the perception of the motivational climate which has an effect on motivation, source of affective and behavioral outcomes. These causal sequences vary not only according to the level of determination (links’ strength and totality of mediations) but according to the adolescents’ developmental stage, parental sex and to relational dyads too.

O movimento pendular é dotado de qualidades dinâmicas, estratégicas e biomecânicas que o tornam padrão de excelência para o ensino do tênis. Ele reduz em até uma ordem de grandeza o esforço físico dispendido e elimina os riscos de tendinites do tipo \"cotovelo de tenista\". Transfere, dentro da maior eficiência, o impulso do chão sobre os pés para os quadris, tórax, braço e raquete. Naturalmente mantém o braço esticado e o punho rígido. Maximiza a velocidade da raquete e minimiza a indicação de endereçamento da bola. Estes são as conclusões do presente trabalho, buscando-se uma comparação direta das qualidades do movimento pendular frente as práticas de movimentação difundidas atualmente para o tênis de campo. São utilizadas conceituações dinâmicas e biomecânicas simples, fundamentadas na anatomia das inserções musculares, dos centros de gravidade e de rotação dos segmentos do corpo envolvidos nos movimentos. Os resultado indicam um aumento de eficiência com a utilização da movimentação pendular, atingindo-se um ganho médio de 10% em velocidade da raquete com uma redução do impulso no solo de cerca de 20%. / The pendular movement for the practice of optimized tennis has been under study as a graduate project at the Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo-Brazil since 1977. The proposed procedure is based on the Newton\'s Laws of dynamics. The pendular movement incorporates dynamic, strategic, and biomechanical qualities that lends itself to a standard of excellence for tennis coaching. It reduces the dispended physical effort by one order of magnitude as well as eliminating the risk of tendinitis, among them the well known \"tennis elbow\". It also transfers the impulse received from the ground through the feet to the hip, torax, arm and raquet with the maximum efficiency. It keeps the arm naturally extended and the wrist rigid. It also maximizes the velocity of the raquet and reduces to a minimum the chances of the opponent anticipating the addressing of the ball. The characterisics of the pendular movement are compared to the other fundamental movements, the vertical, the rigid and the free movement. Simple dynamic and biomechanical concepts are utilized, based on the anatomy of muscular tendon insertions, on the centres of gravity and rotation of the body segments involved in the movement.