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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
131

Découplage de la structure et de l'apparence pour la synthèse de détail par l'exemple

Frasson, Marie-Claude 24 June 2005 (has links) (PDF)
Un des buts de l'infographie est de produire des images réalistes. Pour cela, des artistes créent des modèles géométriques complexes ornés de textures détaillées. Malheureusement, selon l'application visée et les ressources disponibles, il doivent souvent "prendre des raccourcis" en répétant des textures ou en utilisant des modèles simples dont les détails sont simulés par une série de couches d'apparence. Afin de créer des objets 3D réalistes, la meilleure source d'inspiration est le monde réel lui-même. Dans ce contexte, nous proposons d'aider l'artiste à créer ces couches d'apparence à partir de l'analyse d'exemples. Nous nous attaquons tout d'abord à la couche de texture couleur, et plus particulièrement aux textures structurées.<br />En effet, ces dernières sont difficilement reproductibles de manière automatique et leur répétition visuelle est gênante pour l'observateur. Afin de réussir à propager de telles textures à partir d'un exemplaire donné, nous proposons de découpler la structure de l'apparence.<br />Nous traitons le problème tout d'abord sous un aspect géométrique. Les textures structurées sont représentées par un maillage 2D qui est analysé afin d'en extraire une description statistique compacte menant à la création d'un générateur permettant de reproduire la structure originelle à volonté. L'utilisateur est pris en compte tout au long du processus et peut influencer le résultat grâce à des cartes de contraintes.<br />En parallèle, nous analysons l'apparence de la texture structurée afin d'extraire un ensemble réduit de textures représentant les matériaux utilisés pour l'intérieur des régions et leur contour. Ces informations nous permettent d'"habiller" de nouvelles structures de manière efficace. Dans un troisième temps, nous utilisons l'information de structure et de texture, ainsi que des informations usager afin de générer et propager des détails 3D sur des modèles. Nous proposons un système générique qui permettra d'alléger les artistes de tâches souvent répétitives et fastidieuses. Nous appliquons ce système à la génération de cartes de hauteurs et présentons plusieurs autres cas d'application.<br />L'ensemble des techniques proposées permet de synthétiser des textures structurées détaillées à partir d'exemples avec un coût mémoire réduit et permettant un rendu en temps-réel, tout en laissant du contrôle à l'utilisateur.
132

Visualization of Particle In Cell Simulations / Visualization of Particle In Cell Simulations

Ljung, Patric January 2000 (has links)
<p>A numerical simulation case involving space plasma and the evolution of instabilities that generates very fast electrons, i.e. approximately at half of the speed of light, is used as a test bed for scientific visualisation techniques. A visualisation system was developed to provide interactive real-time animation and visualisation of the simulation results. The work focuses on two themes and the integration of them. The first theme is the storage and management of the large data sets produced. The second theme deals with how the Visualisation System and Visual Objects are tailored to efficiently visualise the data at hand. </p><p>The integration of the themes has resulted in an interactive real-time animation and visualisation system which constitutes a very powerful tool for analysis and understanding of the plasma physics processes. The visualisations contained in this work have spawned many new possible research projects and provided insight into previously not fully understood plasma physics phenomena.</p>
133

Texturen – Identitäten – Theorien : Ergebnisse des Arbeitstreffens des Jungen Forums Slavistische Literaturwissenschaft in Trier 2010 / Textures - Identities - Theories : Results of the workshop of the Young Forum of Slavonic Literary Studies in Trier 2010

January 2011 (has links)
Der Sammelband umfasst die Beiträge des 10. Arbeitstreffens slavistischer Nachwuchswissenschaftler im Rahmen des Jungen Forums Slavistischer Literaturwissenschaft (JFSL), das vom 26. bis zum 28. März 2010 an der Universität Trier stattfand. Präsentiert wird ein Überblick über aktuelle Forschungsrichtungen und -themen der deutschsprachigen Slavistik, der trotz der weiter bestehenden Dominanz der Russistik eine zunehmende Tendenz zu Studien über verschiedene slavische Literaturen zeigt. Die Beiträge lassen sich in drei große Bereiche differenzieren: Der erste Teil ,Texturen' beinhaltet literaturwissenschaftliche Studien, die sich mit den textimannenten Effekten literarischer Werke auseinandersetzen. Der Text als Gewebe wird auf seine Fadendichte und -verkreuzung wie Entstehung und Tradierung bestimmter Motive und Topoi, Decodierung intertextueller Referenzen oder Allegorisierungs- und Symbolisierungprozesse hin analysiert. Der zweite Teil vereinigt unter dem Begriff ,Identitäten' Arbeiten aus dem Bereich der kulturwissenschaftlich orientierten Literaturwissenschaft, die mit Geschlechter-, Raum-, Erinnerungs- und postkolonialen Konzepten den Fragen der literarischen Identitätsgenese nachgehen. Untersucht werden ästhetische Umsetzungen von Machtdispositiven, Hierarchiebildungen und Ausschlussmechanismen. Die Beiträge des dritten Teils ,Theorien' reflektieren entweder die Literaturforschung und ihre Ästhetiktheorien oder unternehmen einen Theorieimport aus verschiedenen Disziplinen wie Philosophie, strukturalistische Psychoanalyse, Neuro-, Geschichts- oder Translationswissenschaften, die sich für die Analyse literarischer Texte als fruchtbar erweisen und damit das Literaturverständnis erweitern. / This collection covers the articles compiled in the 10th workshop of Slavonic Study PhD-Students and postgraduates within the framework of the ‘Young Forum of Slavonic Literary Studies’ (JFSL) which took place at Trier University between March 26 and March 28 2010. Participants presented an overview of the current fields of research in German language Slavonic studies, which, despite a prevalence of Russian Studies, shows a growing trend towards multi-Slavonic literature studies. The articles can be divided into three different categories: The first category, textures, comprises literary studies which expose anticipated text effects of literary works. Text is analyzed in the context of its fabric density, for instance, development of particular motives and topics, and the decoding of intertextual references or allegories and symbology. The second category, identities, aggregates works from culturally-oriented Literary studies, which follow questions of the literary genesis of identity concerning gender, space, memory and post-colonialism. Here, the aesthetic shifts of power disposition, demonstrative hierarchy and the mechanisms of exclusion are evaluated. The third category, theories, reflects literary research and its theories of the aesthetic or importation of theory from a variety of disciplines such as philosophy, structural psychoanalysis, neuroscience, history and translation studies, which show themselves as fertile literary texts for analysis and as such may extend our understandings of literature.
134

Procedural Reduction Maps

Van Horn, R. Brooks, III 16 January 2007 (has links)
Procedural textures and image textures are commonplace in graphics today, finding uses in such places as animated movies and video games. Unlike image texture maps, procedural textures typically suffer from minification aliasing. I present a method that, given a procedural texture on a surface, automatically creates an anti-aliased version of the procedural texture. The new procedural texture maintains the original textures details, but reduces minification aliasing artifacts. This new algorithm creates an image pyramid similar to MIP-Maps to represent the texture. Whereas a MIP-Map stores per-texel color, however, my texture hierarchy stores weighted sums of reflectance functions, allowing a wider-range of effects to be anti-aliased. The stored reflectance functions are automatically selected based on an analysis of the different functions found over the surface. When the texture is viewed at close range, the original texture is used, but as the texture footprint grows, the algorithm gradually replaces the textures result with an anti-aliased one. This results in faster development time for writing procedural textures as well as higher visual fidelity and faster rendering. With the optional addition of authoring guidelines, the analysis phase can be sped up by as much as two orders of magnitude. Furthermore, I developed a method for handling pre-filtered integration of reflectance functions to anti-alias specular highlights. The normal-centric BRDF (NBRDF) allows for fast evaluation over a range of normals appearing on the surface of an object. The NBRDF is easy to implement on the GPU for real-time results and can be combined with procedural reduction maps for real-time procedural texture minification anti-aliasing.
135

Contribution à la caractérisation multi-échelle de l'anisotropie des images texturées

Germain, Christian 17 December 1997 (has links) (PDF)
Ce travail est consacré à la caractérisation de l'anisotropie des images. Pour y parvenir, il est établi que, dans le cas de textures complexes, la mesure de l'orientation dominante comme celle de l'anisotropie dépendent fortement de l'échelle à laquelle la texture a été observée.<br />Le premier chapitre définit la notion de texture et celle d'échelle d'observation. Les différentes approches de caractérisation texturale existantes sont présentées et leur aptitude à rendre compte des phénomènes directionnels à différentes échelles d'observation est évaluée.<br />Le second chapitre présente les méthodes les plus courantes pour l'estimation de l'orientation dominante d'une texture. Un indicateur local est ensuite proposé : le Vecteur Directionnel Moyen. Il s'appuie sur des caractéristiques locales et peut être calculé à toute échelle d'observation. Ses performances sont étudiées sur des images de synthèse et sur des textures naturelles.<br />Le troisième chapitre introduit un nouvel indicateur d'anisotropie nommé Iso. Il est basé sur le calcul des différences locales des Vecteurs Directionnels Moyens obtenus à une échelle donnée. Ses performances sont comparées à celles des estimateurs classiques de dispersion directionnelle.<br />Le dernier chapitre est consacré à l'évaluation de l'anisotropie de textures complexes (microscopiques et macroscopiques) en fonction de l'échelle d'observation. Un modèle de texture complexe est construit et le comportement de l'indicateur Iso sur ce modèle est établi. L'indicateur est ensuite appliqué à la caractérisation de textures naturelles et de synthèse. Il est ensuite montré que l'évolution de cet indicateur en fonction de l'échelle d'observation fournit une courbe qui caractérise à la fois l'anisotropie de la texture traitée ainsi que la taille des différentes primitives texturales microscopiques et macroscopiques formant cette texture. L'indicateur Iso , calculé à différentes échelles, est appliqué à des textures synthétiques, à des textures de l'album de Brodatz ainsi qu'à des images de matériaux composites observés par microscopie électronique à transmission.
136

Etude par Resonance Magnétique de Cobaltates NaxCoO2

De Vaulx, Cédric 06 February 2007 (has links) (PDF)
Ce mémoire de thèse porte sur l'étude par résonance magnétique nucléaire (noyaux 59Co et 23Na) des oxydes de cobalt NaxCoO2, dont les propriétés remarquables de supraconductivité et de fort pouvoir thermoélectrique suscitent un grand intérêt.<br />Les deux compositions extrêmes x=0 et x=1 ont été étudiées. Na1CoO2 est un isolant de bande non magnétique : tous les sites de cobalt ont un état d'oxydation +3, et un état bas spin S=0. Par contre, le composé CoO2, où la valence formelle du Co est +4, se révèle être très proche de la transition (isolant-métal) de Mott, ce qui montre que les corrélations électroniques sont fortes, à la base, dans ce système.<br />Dans la zone 0.65
137

Qualitative and quantitative petrography of meta-mafic rocks at Ölme, in the Eastern Segment of the Sveconorwegian orogen

Carlsson, Diana January 2015 (has links)
Meta-mafic intrusions with an intrusion age of 1.6-0.9 Ga are found along a north-south trend in theTransitional section of the Eastern Segment in Sweden. These intrusions are garnet-bearing and thus anexception to other meta-mafic intrusions found in Sweden. Meta-mafic intrusions that are garnet-bearingare usually found in the Caledonides to the northeast and in the south west of Sweden where the pressureshave been naturally high due to orogenic events or subduction.The study was conducted on these intrusions around the community of Ölme, to understand themetamorphic and metasomatic history of the area. The focus lies on the transition from magmaticgabbroic intrusions to metamorphosed metagabbros and highly foliated garnet-amphibolites. AveragePT estimates was calculated using THERMOCALC and classical geothermobarometry, so that acomparison between the qualitative and quantitative data could be made.The study indicates metamorphism at amphibolite to upper amphibolite facies conditionsfor the metagabbros and the garnet-amphibolites.Average PT-estimates for the garnet-amphibolites gives metamorphic peak temperatures of 680°-730° Cwith pressures of 9.0-11.0 kbar at the Träfors locality, and metamorphic peak temperatures of 660°-770° Cwith pressures of 9.5-11.0 kbar at the Skråkvik locality. These results are comparable to research donefurther to the south on similar intrusions, with temperatures of 700° C and pressures of 10 kbar.It is concluded that the meta-mafic intrusions at the Skråkvik locality have been metamorphosed in adry system, in contrast to the Träfors locality which seems to have been affected by more pervasiveretrograde metamorphism and fluid-rock interaction. It is also concluded that mafic intrusionscan preserve their magmatic textures even under high pressure conditions.
138

Evolução metamórfica dos metassedimentos da Nappe Lima Duarte e rochas associadas do Complexo Mantiqueira, sul da Faixa Brasília (MG) / Metamorphic evolution of metassedimentary rocks of Lima Duarte Nappe and related rocks of Mantiqueira Complex, south of Brasília Belt (MG)

Brenda Chung da Rocha 29 April 2011 (has links)
A Nappe Lima Duarte está situada no sudeste do Orógeno Brasília. É constituída por paragnaisses migmatíticos com granada, sillimanita, biotita e muscovita, e ortoquartzitos grossos, com intercalações esparsas de gnaisses calciossilicáticos e de anfibolitos. O Complexo Mantiqueira, infraestrutura alóctone da nappe, ocorre na forma de lascas tectonicamente imbricadas na mesma. É constituído por ortognaisses migmatíticos e polimetamórficos, tipo TTG, com intercalações de rochas metabásicas granulíticas, na forma de enclaves máficos alongados e boudins, geralmente concordantes com a foliação principal. Também ocorrem rochas charnockíticas aparentemente intrusivas nos ortognaisses Mantiqueira, com rochas metabásicas associadas. A associação mineral observada nos paragnaisses (Grt + Bt + Sil + Pl + Rt +Ilm + Qtz ± Ms ± Kfs ± Ky) é relacionada a um metamorfismo progressivo de fácies anfibolito superior, caracterizado por reações de quebra de muscovita e geração de feldspato potássico. As condições de pico bárico obtidas no THERMOCALC para a associação com cianita são de 10 ± 0.6 kbar, a 807 ± 25ºC. O pico térmico de 827 ± 44ºC a 8.2 ± 1.8 kbar, no limite da curva de quebra da dumortierita, foi obtido no THERMOCALC com a associação mineral envolvendo sillimanita. As rochas metabásicas inseridas nos ortognaisses do Complexo Mantiqueira e rochas charnockíticas associadas apresentam a associação Grt-Cpx-Pl-Qtz±Opx+Hbl, que é diagnóstica do fácies granulito de alta pressão. São caracterizadas pela presença de texturas coroníticas progressivas de Grt-Cpx-Pl-Qtz nos contatos entre Opx, Pl e/ou opacos, aparentemente de origem ígnea, que marca a passagem do campo dos granulitos de pressão intermediária para o campo dos granulitos de alta pressão. As condições de pico registradas nos veios constituídos por Grt-Cpx-Pl nos metagabronoritos é de 831.8ºC, a 10 kbar. O granada granulito registra o pico metamórfico a 890 ± 41ºC, a 9.26 ± 1.93 kbar. Cálculos realizados no TWEEQU forneceram condições de equilíbrio de 801ºC, a 9.6 kbar para a associação de fácies granulito. As condições de pico bárico nas rochas charnockíticas são de 14.36 ± 1.9 kbar, a 680ºC, enquanto que as temperaturas máximas registradas são de 885.17ºC, a 10 kbar. Cálculos realizados no THERMOCALC forneceram temperatura de 771 ± 166ºC, a 11.8 ± 2.4 kbar. As rochas metabásicas relacionadas ao Complexo Mantiqueira apresentam baixas concentrações de elementos LILE, possivelmente devido ao empobrecimento destes elementos durante o metamorfismo através de perdas por reações de desidratação. Os dados geoquímicos apontam fontes do tipo E-MORB para grande parte das rochas metabásicas, embora sempre com enriquecimento em ETR maior, o que é sugestivo de fontes enriquecidas. O Grt-cpx anfibolito simplectítico apresenta assinaturas geoquímicas distintas, com enriquecimento maior em elementos LILE e ETRL, o que sugere uma origem a partir de fontes OIB. Os padrões de ETR e diagramas de variação multi-elementares de elementos traço sugerem que as rochas charnockíticas têm fontes relacionadas à ambientes de arco vulcânico. Os paragnaisses, em fácies anfibolito superior a granulito, registram uma trajetória inicial horária, descompressiva ao campo da sillimanita. É distinta da trajetória inicial anti-horária exibida pelas rochas metabásicas e charnockíticas, que registram nas coronas de Grt-Cpx-Pl o metamorfismo progressivo de fácies granulito de alta pressão. Sugere-se que esse relativo aumento de pressão tenha sido condicionado pela colocação dos metassedimentos da Nappe Lima Duarte sobre as rochas do Complexo Mantiqueira, porém no mesmo campo de temperatura. Assim, o avanço da nappe metassedimentar pode ter sido responsável pelo soterramento das rochas metabásicas e charnockíticas relacionadas com o Complexo Mantiqueira, o que justifica a pressão mais elevada nestes litotipos. A etapa de exumação foi compartilhada por ambas, o que é evidenciado nas semelhanças de condições metamórficas durante a trajetória de resfriamento quase isobárico, porém com os litotipos do Complexo Mantiqueira em nível crustal mais profundo. / The Lima Duarte Nappe is located in southeastern Brasília Orogen and is composed by migmatitic paragneisses presenting garnet, sillimanite, biotite and muscovite, and coarse-grained orthoquartzites, with few amphibolite and calc-silicate interlayers. The Mantiqueira Complex occurs as tectonic imbricated lenses in the Lima Duarte Nappe, resembling an allochthon structure. It comprises TTG-type migmatitic and polymetamorphic orthogneisses, presenting granulitic metabasic interlayers, as mafic bands and lenses, as well as boudins, which are often concordant with the main foliation. Charnockitic rocks are apparently intrusive in the Mantiqueira orthogneisses, with associated metabasic rocks. The mineral assemblage observed in paragneisses (Grt + Bt + Sil + Pl + Rt + Ilm + Qtz ± Ms ± Kfs ± Ky) is related to an upper amphibolite facies progressive metamorphism characterized by muscovite breakdown reactions producing potassic feldspar. The peak baric conditions obtained in the THERMOCALC processing software for the assemblage involving kyanite are 10 ± 0.6 kbar and 807 ± 25ºC. The thermal peak of 827 ± 44ºC and 8.2 ± 1.8 kbar obtained in THERMOCALC for the assemblage envolving sillimanite, is placed in the boundary of breakdown curve for dumortierite. The metabasic rocks interlayered in Mantiqueira Complex orthogneisses show the Grt-Cpx-Pl-Qtz±Opx+Hbl assemblage, indicating high pressure granulite facies. They are characterized by the presence of Grt-Cpx-Pl progressive coronitic textures between Opx, Pl and/or opaques boundaries, apparently with an igneous origin, which marks the transitions from intermediate pressure granulites field to high pressure granulite field. The peak conditions recorded in Grt-Cpx-Pl veins in metagabbronorites is 831.8ºC, and 10 kbar. The garnet granulite records the metamorphic peak at 890 ± 41ºC, and 9.26 ± 1.93 kbar. Thermobarometric calculations performed at TWEEQU revealed equilibrium conditions at 801ºC, and 9.6 kbar based on granulite facies mineral assemblage. The peak baric conditions achieved by the charnockitic rocks are 14.36 ± 1.9 kbar, and 680ºC, while maximum temperatures recorded are 885.17ºC, and 10 kbar. Thermobarometric calculations performed at THERMOCALC revealed temperatures of 771 ± 166ºC, and 11.8 ± 2.4 kbar. The metabasic rocks related to Mantiqueira Complex show low concentrations of LILE elements, possibly due to the depletion of these elements during metamorphism in dehydrating reactions. Geochemical data point out to E-MORB type sources for the great majority of metabasic rocks, even though with an REE enrichment, suggesting more enriched sources. The symplectitic Grt-Cpx amphibolite show distinct geochemical signatures, characterized by a greater enrichment in LILE and light-REE elements, suggesting an OIB source for their origin. REE patterns and trace element spidergrams suggest that charnockitic rocks sources are related to a volcanic arc tectonic setting. Paragneisses, in upper amphibolite to granulite facies, recorded an initial clockwise path, decompressing to the sillimanite field. It differs from initial counterclockwise path exhibited by the metabasic and charnockitic rocks, which preserves the progressive high pressure granulite facies metamorphism in Grt-Cpx-Pl coronae. This pressure increase is probally related to the metassediments of the Lima Duarte Nappe, that thrusted over the Mantiqueira Complex rocks, although in the same temperature field. The buried character of metabasic and charnockitic rocks may be caused by the thrust of the metassedimentary nappe, justifying the higher pressure found in these lithotypes. The exhumation phase was shared by both of them, which is confirmed in the metamorphic similarities conditions, as they cooled out together in a near isobaric path, although the Mantiqueira Complex lithotypes were in a deeper crustal level.
139

Visualization of Particle In Cell Simulations / Visualization of Particle In Cell Simulations

Ljung, Patric January 2000 (has links)
A numerical simulation case involving space plasma and the evolution of instabilities that generates very fast electrons, i.e. approximately at half of the speed of light, is used as a test bed for scientific visualisation techniques. A visualisation system was developed to provide interactive real-time animation and visualisation of the simulation results. The work focuses on two themes and the integration of them. The first theme is the storage and management of the large data sets produced. The second theme deals with how the Visualisation System and Visual Objects are tailored to efficiently visualise the data at hand. The integration of the themes has resulted in an interactive real-time animation and visualisation system which constitutes a very powerful tool for analysis and understanding of the plasma physics processes. The visualisations contained in this work have spawned many new possible research projects and provided insight into previously not fully understood plasma physics phenomena.
140

Etude et modélisation du comportement des gouttelettes de produits phytosanitaires sur les feuilles de vignes par imagerie ultra-rapide et analyse de texture / Study and modeling of the behavior of droplets of plant protection products on vine leaves by ultra-fast imaging and texture analysis

Decourselle, Thomas 23 October 2013 (has links)
Dans le contexte actuel de diminution des pollutions d’origine agricole, laréduction des apports d’intrants devient un enjeu primordial. En France, laviticulture est l’activité qui possède le taux le plus important de traitementsphytosanitaires par unité de surface. Elle représente, à elle seule, 20% de laconsommation annuelle de pesticides. Par conséquent, il est nécessaire d’étudierle devenir des pesticides appliqués afin de réduire les quantités perduesdans l’environnement. Dans le cadre de la réduction d’apport de produitsphytosanitaires dans les vignes, de nombreux travaux ont été effectués sur lamodélisation du comportement d’un spray de gouttelettes et sa répartitionau niveau de la parcelle et de l’air environnant. Cependant, il est égalementimportant de s’intéresser au comportement de la gouttelette directement auniveau de la feuille. Les progrès dans le domaine de l’imagerie et la diminutiondu coût des systèmes ont rendus ces systèmes beaucoup plus attractifs.Le travail de cette thèse consiste en la mise en place d’un système d’imagerierapide qui permet l’observation du comportement à l’impact de gouttelettesrépondant aux conditions de pulvérisation. Les caractéristiques ainsi que lecomportement associé de chaque gouttelette sont extraits grâce à une méthodede suivi d’objets. Une analyse statistique basée sur un nombre représentatifde résultats permet ensuite d’évaluer de manière robuste le devenir d’unegoutte en fonction de ses caractéristiques. Parallèlement, un paramètre décrivantl’état de surface de la feuille est également étudié grâce à l’imagerie : larugosité qui joue un rôle prédominant dans la compréhension des mécanismesd’adhésion / In the domain of vineyard precision spraying research, one of the most importantobjectives is to minimize the volume of phytosanitary products ejected bya sprayer in order to be more environmentally respectful with more effectivevine leaf treatments. Unfortunaltely, even if lot of works have been carriedout at a parcel scale, mainly on losses caused by drift, less works have beencarried out at the leaf scale in order to understand which parameters influencethe spray quality. Since few years, recent improvements in image processing,sensitivity of imaging systems and cost reduction have increased the interestof high-speed imaging techniques. Analyzing the behavior of droplets afterimpact with the leaf thanks to high speed imaging technology is a relevantsolution. By this way, we propose a droplets behavior analyzing process invineyard spraying context based on high-speed acquision system combinedwith image processing techniques. This process allows us to extract dropletsparameters. Therefore, a statistical study is processed in order to determinethe effects of droplets parameters on leaf impact or to predict behavior of asingle droplet. Since this behavior is strongly related to leaf surface, we alsopropose to validate a natural leaf roughness characterization method basedon texture analysis

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