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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Functional characterization of class I Arfs and their Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors at the Golgi complex

Manolea, Florin Iulian Unknown Date
No description available.
2

Functional characterization of class I Arfs and their Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors at the Golgi complex

Manolea, Florin Iulian 11 1900 (has links)
We examined the function of ADP-ribosylation factors (Arfs) and their guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) that regulate recruitment of coat proteins on the Golgi complex. The large ArfGEF GBF1 localizes at the cis-Golgi complex while BIG1 and BIG2 localize at the trans-Golgi network (TGN). Complementary overexpression and RNA-based knockdown approaches established that GBF1 but not BIGs, is required for COPI recruitment, Golgi stack maintenance and sub-compartmentalization while BIGs appear specialized for clathrin adaptor recruitment and for assembly and maintenance of the TGN. Our observations disprove two widely accepted mechanisms for cargo export by establishing that COPII is the only coat required for sorting and export from the ER exit sites and that BIGs are not required for traffic of the cargo protein VSVG to the cell surface. Furthermore, we provide evidence that may ultimately explain how these ArfGEFs regulate different coats in spite of their well-characterized promiscuity towards class I and II Arfs. We prove for the first time that Arf3 is activated uniquely by BIGs at the TGN. Also, contrary to expectations, we demonstrate that Arf3 differs from Arf1 in regard to localization pattern as well as temperature sensitivity of membrane recruitment. Shifting temperature to 20C for 2 hours, a method known to block cargo in trans-Golgi compartments, caused a dramatic redistribution Arf3 but not Arf1. Redistribution of Arf3 from Golgi membranes upon shift to 20C was not immediate but occurred gradually over 20 minutes. Arf1 and Arf3 differ in sequence only in two short regions at the N- and C-termini. Analysis of swap constructs established that two amino acids in the N-terminal region of Arf3 and Arf1 are responsible for directing the temperature sensitivity while two amino acids in the C-terminus directs Arf3s specific localization. Arf3 knockdown had no impact on any of the markers tested or on VSVG trafficking to the cell surface. My work provides solid evidence to support that ArfGEFs function at different compartments to regulate membrane recruitment of specific coat proteins, and may also regulate distinct sets of Arfs that localize preferentially to these particular compartments.
3

The role of the TGN in the transport of herpes simplex virus type I capsids

Mihai, Constantina January 2008 (has links)
Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.
4

The role of the TGN in the transport of herpes simplex virus type I capsids

Mihai, Constantina January 2008 (has links)
Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal
5

Détermination du site de ré-enveloppement des capsides de HSV-1

Turcotte, Sophie January 2005 (has links)
Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.
6

Development of new methodology for therapeutic drug monitoringof thiopurine treatment

Vikingsson, Svante January 2012 (has links)
The three thiopurine drugs azathioprine (AZA), 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) and 6-thioguanine (6-TG) are used to treat several diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). They are pro-drugs and are believed to act through the formation of thioguanine nucleotides (TGNs). Other important metabolites are the methylthioinosine nucleotides (meTINs). These metabolites are active in the white blood cells (WBCs).Most patients respond well to the thiopurine drugs but up to a third have to modify or discontinue their treatment due to adverse events or a lack of therapeutic effects. This could be caused by inter-patient variability in the metabolism of the drugs. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of thiopurine nucleotides in red blood cells (RBCs) is used to guide treatment. Current routine assays measure the nucleotides after hydrolysation to nucleic bases and are therefore unable to distinguish between mono-, di-, and triphosphates. Recently it was shown that these assays failed to predict the clinical outcome in about 40% of the patients. It has been suggested that measuring thioguanosine triphosphate (TGTP) (believed to be the most active of the TGNs) separately might increase the clinical value.An assay suitable for measuring thioguanosine mono- (TGMP) and diphosphate (TGDP) and TGTP, as well as methylthioinosine mono- (meTIMP), di- (meTIDP) and triphosphate (meTITP) separately in RBCs in clinical samples has been developed. In clinical studies of 82 IBD patients, we found no correlation between the thiopurine dose and metabolite levels in RBCs, thus illustrating the importance of metabolite measurements in the TDM of thiopurines.The TGN peak measured by the routine assay during TDM of patients treated with thiopurines consisted of TGTP and TGDP with a small contribution from TGMP. The meTIN also consisted of mono-, di- and triphosphates, but in different proportions, indicating differences in the formation. The inter-individual differences in nucleotide distribution were very small and a strong correlation between the different nucleotides and their respective sums was observed. As a consequence, measuring the mono-, di- and triphosphates separately was not beneficial in predicting remission, which was confirmed by the results from the clinical study.Further research into the metabolism and mode of action of thiopurine drugs is needed to understand the inter-patient variability in response and metabolite formation. An assay suitable for such studies, measuring TGNs and meTINs in cultured cells, has also been developed.
7

Empirical Approch For Rate Selection In MIMO OFDM

Hebbar, Anil Madhava 11 January 2005 (has links)
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is fast gaining ground as a preferred modulation technique for short range wireless data application such as 802.11a/g, 802.15.3a and 802.16. Recently, use of multiple transmit and receive antenna for improving spectral efficiency in a wireless system has received much interest. IEEE 802.11 has set up the Work Group 802.11n to develop a standard for enhanced rate 802.11 based on OFDM using Multi Input/Multiple Output (MIMO) techniques. The most dominant proposal is the use of singular value decomposition based MIMO methods to achieve the high data rate. The selection of modulation and coding rates plays a significant role in the overall throughput of the system, more so in cases where the traffic between the transmitter and the receiver consists of short bursts and the user location is not fixed. The performance of a given modulation and coding technique depends on the channel condition. Closed form or bounding solutions exists for various modulation and coding techniques. But these techniques are not suitable for real time application where the channel is dynamic. The approach taken in this thesis is to decouple frequency selective MIMO OFDM channel into orthogonal spatial and frequency domains channels using Fast Fourier Transforms and Singular Value Decomposition. The channels can be viewed as parallel flat fading channels for which the expected BER rate can be computed. A SNR-BER table is used to efficiently compute the performance efficiently. An effective SNR is computed using the table and compared with rate threshold to select a suitable rate. Improvements of 15 dB and above are shown the link budget while using a four transmit four receive MIMO system. Proposed 802.11n TGn Sync physical layer standard is used to evaluate the performance. The performance in case of one of the systems being a legacy 802.11a/g nodes is also looked into. Gains up to 7 dB are shown in the link budget. / Master of Science
8

LRP10 (LDL-related protein 10), un nouveau régulateur du trafic et du clivage de la protéine APP (amyloid precursor protein), est réduit dans la maladie d'Alzheimer

Brodeur, Julie January 2012 (has links)
La maladie d'Alzheimer (MA) est une maladie neurodégénérative progressive et irréversible. Une étape précoce de la MA est la relâche neuronale excessive du peptide amyloïde-[bêta] (A[bêta]), qui s'accumule dans le cerveau, s'assemble et se dépose sous forme de plaques A[bêta] insolubles et neurotoxiques. L'A[bêta] est produit suite au clivage amyloïdogénique de la protéine APP, effectué par les sécrétases [bêta] et [gamma] au niveau des endosomes. Il est bien connu que le trafic intracellulaire de l'APP affecte son clivage. L'étude du trafic intracellulaire de cette protéine est donc cruciale pour comprendre ce qui régit la production d'A[bêta]. Certains membres de la famille des récepteurs de lipoprotéines de faibles densités (LDLR), dont SorLA/LR11, interagissent avec l'APP et modulent son clivage en régulant son trafic et/ou en s'associant avec les sécrétases. LRP10, un nouveau membre peu connu des LDLR, trafique entre le Golgi et les endosomes, tout comme SorLA/LR11. Conséquemment, nous avons émis l'hypothèse selon laquelle LRP10 serait un nouveau récepteur de la protéine APP, impliqué dans la régulation du trafic et du clivage de cette dernière ainsi que dans la relâche d'A[bêta]. Nos résultats démontrent que LRP10 et la protéine APP colocalisent au TGN (trans-Golgi network ) et interagissent de façon directe.La surexpression stable de LRP10 dans les cellules de neuroblastome humain SH-SY5Y, provoque une accumulation de la forme mature de l'APP, ainsi qu'une diminution de son clivage et de la production d'A[bêta].La déplétion de LRP10, par la technique d'ARN interférant, provoque l'augmentation de la production d'A[bêta]. De plus, l'expression d'un mutant de LRP10, redistribué aux endosomes précoces, induit la redistribution intracellulaire de l'APP au niveau de ces mêmes endosomes dans les cellules HeLa et SH-SY5Y, tel qu'observé en microscopie confocale.La surexpression stable du mutant de LRP10 dans les SH-SY5Y a aussi démontré une augmentation du clivage amyloïdogénique de l'APP normalement effectué aux endosomes et donc une augmentation de la production d'A[bêta]. Enfin, la comparaison des niveaux d'expression protéique de LRP10 retrouvés dans le cortex frontal et l'hippocampe de cerveaux de patients âgés sains ou atteints de la MA, révèle que l'expression de LRP10 est réduit dans le cerveau des patients atteints de la MA. En conclusion, LRP10 est un nouveau récepteur de l'APP participant à son triage entre le TGN et les endosomes, protégeant ainsi l'APP du clivage amyloïdogénique et de l'accumulation d'A[bêta]. Ainsi, la réduction de l'expression de LRP10 dans le cerveau pourrait augmenter la production de l'A[bêta] et représenter un facteur de risque dans la MA.
9

Protocole d'isolation des virions périnucléaires et extracellulaires chez HSV-1 pour l'étude par une approche protéomique du mécanisme de transport intracellulaire emprunté par le virus

Taquet, Geneviève January 2004 (has links)
Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.
10

Étude du trafic cellulaire de la convertase de proprotéine PCSK9 responsable de la dégradation du récepteur des lipoprotéines de faible densité (LDLR)

Ait Hamouda, Hocine 06 1900 (has links)
Les maladies cardiovasculaires (MCV) sont la principale cause de mortalité dans les pays industrialisés. L'hypercholestérolémie constitue un facteur de risque majeur pour les MCV. Elle est caractérisée par des niveaux élevés de lipoprotéines de faible densité (LDL, aussi appelé “mauvais cholestérol”). La présence prolongée de haut niveaux de LDL dans la circulation augmente le risque de formation de plaques athérosclérotiques, ce qui peut conduire à l'obstruction des artères et l'infarctus du myocarde. Le LDL est normalement extrait du sang par sa liaison au récepteur du LDL (LDLR) qui est responsable de son endocytose dans les hépatocytes. Des études génétiques humaines ont identifié PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9) comme le troisième locus responsable de l'hypercholestérolémie autosomique dominante après le LDLR et son ligand l’apolipoprotéine B-100. PCSK9 interagit avec le LDLR et induit sa dégradation, augmentant ainsi les niveaux plasmatiques de LDL. Les mutations gain de fonction (GF) de PCSK9 sont associées à des niveaux plasmatiques élevés de LDL et à l'apparition précoce des MCV, alors que les mutations perte de fonction (PF) de PCSK9 diminuent le risque de MCV jusqu’à ~ 88% grâce à une réduction du LDL circulant. De ce fait, PCSK9 constitue une cible pharmacologique importante pour réduire le risque de MCV. PCSK9 lie le LDLR à la surface cellulaire et/ou dans l'appareil de Golgi des hépatocytes et provoque sa dégradation dans les lysosomes par un mécanisme encore mal compris. Le but de cette étude est de déterminer pourquoi certaines mutations humaines de PCSK9 sont incapables de dégrader le LDLR tandis que d'autres augmentent sa dégradation dans les lysosomes. Plusieurs mutations GF et PF de PCSK9 ont été fusionnées à la protéine fluorecente mCherry dans le but d'étudier leur mobilité moléculaire dans les cellules hépatiques vivantes. Nos analyses quantitatives de recouvrement de fluorescence après photoblanchiment (FRAP) ont montré que les mutations GF (S127R et D129G) avaient une mobilité protéique plus élevée (> 35% par rapport au WT) dans le réseau trans- Golgien. En outre, nos analyses quantitatives de recouvrement de fluorescence inverse après photoblanchiment (iFRAP) ont montré que les mutations PF de PCSK9 (R46L) avaient une mobilité protéique plus lente (<22% par rapport au WT) et une fraction mobile beaucoup plus petite (<40% par rapport au WT). Par ailleurs, nos analyses de microscopie confocale et électronique démontrent pour la toute première fois que PCSK9 est localisée et concentrée dans le TGN des hépatocytes humains via son domaine Cterminal (CHRD) qui est essentiel à la dégradation du LDLR. De plus, nos analyses sur des cellules vivantes démontrent pour la première fois que le CHRD n'est pas nécessaire à l'internalisation de PCSK9. Ces résultats apportent de nouveaux éléments importants sur le mécanisme d'action de PCSK9 et pourront contribuer ultimement au développement d'inhibiteurs de la dégradation du LDLR induite par PCSK9. / Coronary heart diseases (CHD) are a leading cause of death in Western societies. Hypercholesterolemia is a major risk factor for CHD. It is characterized by high levels of circulating low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL, also called "bad cholesterol"). The prolonged presence of elevated levels of LDL in the circulation increases the risk of formation of atherosclerotic plaques, which can lead to obstruction of arteries and myocardial infarction. LDL is normally cleared from the blood through the binding of its sole protein constituent apolipoprotein B100 to hepatic LDL receptor (LDLR), which mediates its endocytosis in the liver. Human genetic studies have identified PCSK9 as the third gene responsible of autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia after LDLR and its ligand apolipoprotein B100. PCSK9 interacts with the LDLR and induces its degradation thereby causing plasma LDL levels to rise. PCSK9 gain-of-function (GOF) mutations are associated with elevated plasma LDL levels and premature CHD while PCSK9 loss-offunction (LOF) mutations reduce the risk of CHD up to ~88% owing to reduction of circulating LDL. Accordingly, PCSK9 is recognized as a major pharmacological target to lower the risk of CHD. PCSK9 binds the LDLR at the cell surface and/or in the Golgi apparatus of hepatocytes and causes its degradation in lysosomes by a mechanism not yet clearly understood. The goal of this study was to determine why some human PCSK9 mutations fail to induce LDLR degradation while others increase it in lysosomes. Several PCSK9 LOF and GOF mutations were fused to the fluorescent protein mCherry to study their molecular mobility in living human liver cells. Our quantitative analysis of fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) showed that PCSK9 GOF mutations S127R and D129G have a higher protein mobility (>35% compared to WT) at the trans- Golgi network (TGN). Our quantitative analysis of inverse fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (iFRAP) showed that PCSK9 LOF mutation R46L presented a much slower protein mobility (<22% compared to WT) and a much slower mobile fraction (<40% compared to WT). In addition, our confocal and electron microscopy analyses demonstrate for the first time that PCSK9 is localized and concentrated at the TGN of human hepatocytes. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that PCSK9 localization in the TGN is mediated through its C-terminal cysteine and histidine-rich domain (CHRD), which is essential for LDLR degradation. Also, our live-cell analyses demonstrate for the first time that the CHRD is not required for internalization of PCSK9. These results provide important new information on the mechanism of action of PCSK9 and may ultimately help in the development of inhibitors of the PCSK9-induced LDLR degradation.

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