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Resposta imune in situ na cromoblastomicose humana: participação de células T reguladoras e expressão de citocinas de perfil Th17 / In situ immune response in human chromoblastomycosis: participation of regulatory T cells and cytokines of Th17 profileAline Alves de Lima Silva 02 June 2014 (has links)
A cromoblastomicose é uma infecção fúngica crônica que acomete pele e tecido subcutâneo. As lesões podem ser classificadas em tumoral, verrucosa, cicatricial e do tipo placa. A resposta imune é principalmente celular e a forma grave da doença correlaciona-se com citocinas de perfil Th2. Nós exploramos populações celulares do tipo T reguladoras e Th17. Foram utilizadas vinte e três biópsias da forma verrucosa obtidas de pacientes com diagnóstico clínico e histopatológico de cromoblastomicose, sem tratamento. Foi realizado o método de imunohistoquímica para detectar Foxp3, CD25, TGF-beta, IL-6, IL-17 e IL-23. A IL-17 predominou sobre os outros marcadores, embora haja número regular de Foxp3. TGF-beta, IL-6 e IL-23 raramente foram visualizados. A constituição de uma resposta imune local com alta expressão de IL-17 e baixa expressão de outras citocinas pode ser, ao menos em parte, uma tentativa de ajudar o sistema imunológico contra infecções fúngicas. Células Foxp3 poderiam ser capazes de interferir na resposta imune eficiente contra fungos, mas também beneficiar o hospedeiro, através da capacidade de reduzir os danos do tecido que seguem uma resposta imune local. Esses elementos celulares podem contribuir para a cronicidade que caracteriza esta doença / Chromoblastomycosis is a chronic fungal infection that affects skin and subcutaneous tissue. Lesions can be classified in tumorous, verrucous, cicatricial and plaque type. The immune response is primarily cellular and the severe form of the disease correlates with a Th2 pattern of cytokines. We intended to explore the populations of regulatory T cells and the Th17 pattern. Twenty-three biopsies of verrucous form were obtained from patients with clinical and histopathological diagnostic of chromoblastomycosis, without treatment. It was performed an immunohistochemistry method to detect Foxp3, CD25, TGF-beta, IL-6, IL-17 and IL-23. IL-17 predominated over the other markers in chromoblastomycosis, although there was a regular number of Foxp3. TGF- beta, IL-6 and IL-23 were rarely visualized. The constitution of a local immune response with high expression of IL-17 and low expression of other cytokines could be at least in part, an attempt to help the immune system against fungal infection. Foxp3 cells could be able to interfere with the efficient immune response against fungi, but also benefit the host, through the ability to reduce the tissue damage that follows a local immune response. They could play a role in chronicity that characterizes this disease
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Avaliação do perfil de citocinas no tecido subcutâneo de camundongos na presença de cimento endodôntico / Evaluation of Cytokine Profile in Subcutaneous Tissue of Mice in the Presence of Endodontic CementLeonardo Biscaro Pereira 16 September 2013 (has links)
Avaliou-se a capacidade dos cimentos endodônticos: Sealapex®, Activ-GP® e AH-Plus® de alterarem o perfil das citocinas nas respostas Th1, Th2 e Th17, após a implantação destes em subcutâneo de camundongos. A quantificação das citocinas IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10 e IL-17 foi realizada in vivo, no tecido reacional circundante aos implantes, os quais foram confeccionados a partir de sondas nasogástricas estéreis e apirogênicas de cloreto de polivinila preenchidas com os cimentos, tendo um grupo controle com sondas vazias. Utilizou-se camundongos isogênicos da linhagem C57BL/6 machos de 6/8 semanas de vida sendo que cada um recebeu 2 implantes na região dorsal (lado direito e esquerdo). Após os períodos experimentais de 7, 21 e 63 dias, com os camundongos anestesiados, os implantes foram removidos juntamente com o tecido circundante, e os animais sacrificados em seguida por deslocamento cervical. As amostras de cada grupo foram divididas sendo: duas, contendo implante/tecido, processadas histotecnicamente e as demais com apenas tecido (sem implante) foram homogeneizadas e centrifugadas com solução formada por tampão RIPA e inibidor de protease. O sobrenadante, fruto deste processo, foi coletado e a dosagem das citocinas realizada através do kit CBA mouse-Th1/Th2/Th17 Cytokine Kit (BD Cytometric Bead Array, San Jose, CA, USA) em análise por citometria de fluxo. Os parâmetros avaliados foram a concentração da citocina em função do cimento testado em cada período experimental. Submeteu-se os resultados à análise estatística por meio do teste t com a correção de Welch\'s. Para todos os testes o nível de significância foi de 5%. Com relação à IL-2 houve diferenças estatísticas significantes entre os grupos Activ-GP® e AH-Plus® (p=0,0391). No período de 21 dias foram detectadas diferenças entre o grupo controle e AH-Plus® (p=0,0402) e entre o grupo Sealapex® e AH-Plus® (p=0,0244). O AH-Plus® induziou um maior aumento na IL-6, aos 7 dias em relação ao Activ-GP® (p=0,0286) e aos 21 dias entre o grupo controle (p=0.0402) e Activ-GP® (p=0.0244). Os níveis de TNF-α foram estatisticamente superiores após 7 dias quando comparou-se o grupo AH-Plus® com os demais. Observou-se que no grupo controle aos 7 e 21 dias ocorreram diferenças estatísticas em relação ao Sealapex® e AH-Plus® respectivamente quando avaliadas as concentrações de IFN-γ. Houve também diferenças estatísticas entre o grupo controle e Sealapex® (p=0,0158) no período de 7 dias para a citocina IL-4. Os valores de IL-10 foram estatisticamente superiores para o grupo controle em relação ao Activ-GP® no período de 21 dias (p=0,0471). Com relação a IL-17 no período de 21 dias, observou-se os maiores valores para o grupo controle, seguido pelo Sealapex®, Activ-GP® e AH-Plus®. Foram detectadas diferenças entre os grupos controle e AH-Plus® (p=0,0121), controle e Activ-GP® (p=0,0262) e entre Sealapex® e Activ GP® (p=0,0314). Baseado nesses resultados podê-se concluir que: os cimentos endodônticos são capazes de modular as respostas Th1, Th2 e Th17 através da inibição ou estimulação da liberação das citocinas testadas. O cimento AH-Plus® promoveu as maiores diferenças no perfil de resposta Th1. / It was evaluated the capacity of the following endodontic sealers: Sealapex, Activ-GP and AH-Plus to modify the cytokine profile in Th1, Th2 and Th17 responses, after their implantation in the subcutaneous tissue of mice. Quantification of IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10 and IL-17 was performed in vivo, in the reactional tissue surrounding the implants, which were made from sterile nasogastric probes and apyrogenic of polyvinyl chloride filled with sealer, and a control group of empty probes. It was used isogenic mice of C57BL/6 lineage, 6/8 weeks old males, each of which received two implants in the dorsal region (left and right). After the experimental time of 7, 21 and 63 days, the mice were anesthetized and the implants were removed along with the surrounding tissue, the animals were then sacrificed by cervical dislocation. Samples from each group were divided as follows: two containing implant / tissue processed histologically and with only the remaining tissue (without implant) were mixed and centrifuged with a solution formed by RIPA buffer and protease inhibitors. The supernatant result of this process was collected and cytokine dosage accomplished by mouse-Th1/Th2/Th17 Cytokine CBA Kit Kit (BD cytometric Bead Array, San Jose, CA, USA) for flow cytometry analysis. The evaluated parameters were the cytokine concentration in function of sealer tested in each trial. The results were submitted to statistical analysis using the t test with Welch\'s correction. For all tests the significance level was 5%. With respect to IL-2 there were significant statistical differences between groups-Activ GP and AH-Plus (p=0.0391). In the period of 21 days differences were found between the control group and AH-Plus (p=0.0402) and between the group Sealapex and AH-Plus (p=0.0244). The AH-Plus induced a greater increase in IL-6, at 7 days compared to Activ-GP (p=0.0286) and at 21 days between the control group (p=0.0402) and Activ-GP (p=0.0244). The levels of TNF-α were significantly higher after 7 days when the AH-Plus group was compared with others. It was observed that in the control group at 7 and 21 days there were statistical differences in relation to Sealapex and AH-Plus respectively when evaluated concentrations of IFN-γ. There were also significant differences between the control group and Sealapex (p=0.0158) within 7 days for the cytokine IL-4. The amounts of IL-10 were statistically higher in the control group compared to the Activ GP in a period of 21 days (p=0.0471). With respect to IL-17 in a period of 21 days, it was observed the highest values for the control group, followed by Sealapex, Activ-GP and AH-Plus. Differences were found between the control groups and AH-Plus (p=0.0121), control and Activ-GP (p=0.0262) and between Sealapex and Activ-GP (p=0.0314). Based on the presented results theendodontic sealers are able to promote changes in the response cytokine profile Th1, Th2 and Th17; Sealer AH-Plus produced the greatest changes, in the Th1 response profile.
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Régulations fonctionnelles des lymphocytes T par les cellules souches adipocytaires : implication dans l’inflammation chronique et l’insulinorésistance du tissu adipeux du sujet obèse / Regulation of T lymphocytes by adipose stem cells : impact on chronic inflammation and insulinresistance in obese adipose tissueChehimi, Marwa 28 February 2018 (has links)
En condition d'obésité, le tissu adipeux est le théâtre d'infiltration et d'accumulation de cellules immunitaires dont les lymphocytes Th17, impliqués dans de nombreuses maladies inflammatoires chroniques et auto-immunes. Les mécanismes d'activation et de prolifération des Th17 au sein du tissu adipeux ne sont pas connus. Nous avons suggéré un rôle des cellules souches adipocytaires (CSA) dans l'induction de l'inflammation médiée par les Th17. Nos résultats montrent, pour la première fois, et grâce à un modèle de co-culture combinant les CSA du tissu adipeux obèse avec des cellules mononucléées du sang circulant, que seules les CSA issues de sujets obèses, et non pas de sujets minces, sont capables d'induire l'activation des Th17 et des monocytes, qui en retour activent la sécrétion d'IL-6 par les CSA. L'environnement inflammatoire, induit par cette interaction, est à l'origine de l'inhibition de l'adipogenèse et de la réduction de la sensibilité à l'insuline des adipocytes. De plus, tout comme les CSA, les adipocytes issus de sujets obèses induisent le même phénotype inflammatoire. Enfin, une étude en cours nous a permis de montrer que les acides gras polyinsaturés de type -3, inhibent spécifiquement l'activation des Th17 mais n'ont aucun impact sur les monocytes inflammatoires, dans notre modèle, possiblement lié à une inhibition de l'expression d'ICAM-1. En conclusion, une triade inflammatoire constituée de CSA ou d'adipocytes issus de sujets obèses combinés avec des monocytes et des Th17, forme un cercle vicieux où l'inflammation est maintenue et amplifiée / In obesity, adipose tissue is massively infiltrated by a panel of inflammatory immune cells such as IL-17-secreting Th17 lymphocytes. The mechanisms by which Th17 cells are induced are less understood. We postulated that adipose stem cells (ASC), which are known to play immunomodulatory functions in contact with immune cells, might be involved in Th17 activation. By using an in-vitro co-culture model, we demonstrated for the first time, that ASC issued from obese , but not lean AT were able to activate IL-17 secretion from Th17 cells, and IL-1 secretion from monocytes. In turn, such an interaction led to increased secretion of IL-6 from ASC. The inflammatory environment generated from this interaction was then able to inhibit adipogenesis and adipocyte insulin-sensitivity. We also showed that adipocytes harvested from obese adipose tissue were able to promote Th17 cell and monocyte activation. Finally, we demonstrated that polyunsaturated fatty acids omega-3 presented anti-inflammatory properties towards Th17 cells, while they had no effect on monocytes in our co-culture model (manuscript in preparation), which was related to decrease of ICAM-1 expression. In conclusion, we highlight herein a crosstalk between ASC, monocytes and Th17 cells in obese adipose tissue, which leads to a vicious circle of pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion
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Etude des effets du cyclophosphamide sur l’immunité anti-tumorale : relations avec le microbiote intestinal / Study of cyclophosphamide effects on the antitumoral immunity : relationship with the intestinal microbiotaViaud, Sophie 11 October 2013 (has links)
Les chimiothérapies conventionnelles anticancéreuses ont été développées dans le but de traiter le cancer par élimination directe et/ou par inhibition de croissance les cellules tumorales en division. Les cellules endothéliales en prolifération à l’origine de la vascularisation intra-tumorale sont également connues pour être sensibles aux effets cytotoxiques des agents anticancéreux. Depuis, de nombreuses études ont montré que certaines thérapies conventionnelles peuvent être exploitées pour leurs capacités anti-angiogéniques (Browder et al. Cancer Research 2000). La stratégie mise en place consiste à suivre des protocoles où la thérapie est administrée à des doses faibles non myéloablatives et plus fréquemment que les thérapies conventionnelles, appelés dosages métronomiques (Hanahan et al. JCI 2000, Gasparini et al. Lancet Oncology 2001). Le cyclophosphamide (CTX) est un agent alkylant communément utilisé en chimiothérapie dans des protocoles à dosage métronomique. Dans les années 1980, 2 études ont montré que le CTX utilisé à dose métronomique pouvait avoir aussi un rôle sur l’immunité en réduisant la fonction suppressive d’une population de lymphocytes T CD4+ dans un modèle expérimental de tumeur (Awwad et al. Cancer Research 1989) et chez des patients atteints de cancer (Berd et al. Cancer Research 1987). Depuis, les connaissances ont progressé et à présent le CTX métronomique est reconnu pour pouvoir limiter l’expansion et les fonctions des lymphocytes T régulateurs (Treg) (Ghiringhelli et al. EJI 2004, Lutsiak et al. Blood 2005) conduisant à une polarisation des cellules T auxiliaires vers un profil Th1 (Matar et al. Eur J cancer 2000 et Cancer Immunol Immunother 2002). Utilisé en association, le CTX métronomique s’avère donc être un outil intéressant dans le traitement anticancéreux (Hermans et al. Cancer Research 2003, Taieb et al. JI 2006). Nos résultats montrent l’importance des lymphocytes T CD4+ sécréteurs d’IL-17 et d’IFNg dans les effets du CTX. / Conventional cancer chemotherapies were developed to target cancer cells either by directly eliminating them or by inhibiting the growth of dividing tumor cells. Proliferating endothelial cells at the origin of intratumoral vascularization are known to be sensitive to the cytotoxic effects of antineoplastic agents. Many studies have shown that some conventional therapies can be exploited for their anti-angiogenic capabilities (Browder et al. Cancer Research 2000). The adopted strategy, called metronomic chemotherapy, consists of administering low doses of drug that do not induce myelosuppression, on a more frequent schedule as compared to conventional therapies (Hanahan et al. JCI 2000, Gasparini et al. Lancet Oncology 2001). Cyclophosphamide (CTX) is an alkylating agent commonly used as a metronomic chemotherapy. In the 1980s, two studies demonstrated that when used at a metronomic dosing, CTX could impact the immune response particularly in reducing the suppressive function of a CD4+ T lymphocyte population in an experimental tumour model (Awwad et al. Cancer Research 1989) and in cancer patients (Berd et al. Cancer Research 1987). Since then, knowledge has evolved and now CTX used as a metronomic or low-dose therapy is administered to limit expansion and functions of regulatory T cells (Treg) (Ghiringhelli et al. EJI 2004, Lutsiak et al. Blood 2005), leading to a helper T cell polarization toward a Th1 profile (Matar et al. Eur J cancer 2000 et Cancer Immunol Immunother 2002). When used in combination, CTX turns out to be a potent drug in the antineoplastic treatments armamentarium (Hermans et al. Cancer Research 2003, Taieb et al. JI 2006). Our results demonstrate the importance of CTX effects on IL-17 and IFNg secreting CD4+ T lymphocytes.
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Avaliação do perfil de citocinas no tecido subcutâneo de camundongos na presença de cimento endodôntico / Evaluation of Cytokine Profile in Subcutaneous Tissue of Mice in the Presence of Endodontic CementPereira, Leonardo Biscaro 16 September 2013 (has links)
Avaliou-se a capacidade dos cimentos endodônticos: Sealapex®, Activ-GP® e AH-Plus® de alterarem o perfil das citocinas nas respostas Th1, Th2 e Th17, após a implantação destes em subcutâneo de camundongos. A quantificação das citocinas IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10 e IL-17 foi realizada in vivo, no tecido reacional circundante aos implantes, os quais foram confeccionados a partir de sondas nasogástricas estéreis e apirogênicas de cloreto de polivinila preenchidas com os cimentos, tendo um grupo controle com sondas vazias. Utilizou-se camundongos isogênicos da linhagem C57BL/6 machos de 6/8 semanas de vida sendo que cada um recebeu 2 implantes na região dorsal (lado direito e esquerdo). Após os períodos experimentais de 7, 21 e 63 dias, com os camundongos anestesiados, os implantes foram removidos juntamente com o tecido circundante, e os animais sacrificados em seguida por deslocamento cervical. As amostras de cada grupo foram divididas sendo: duas, contendo implante/tecido, processadas histotecnicamente e as demais com apenas tecido (sem implante) foram homogeneizadas e centrifugadas com solução formada por tampão RIPA e inibidor de protease. O sobrenadante, fruto deste processo, foi coletado e a dosagem das citocinas realizada através do kit CBA mouse-Th1/Th2/Th17 Cytokine Kit (BD Cytometric Bead Array, San Jose, CA, USA) em análise por citometria de fluxo. Os parâmetros avaliados foram a concentração da citocina em função do cimento testado em cada período experimental. Submeteu-se os resultados à análise estatística por meio do teste t com a correção de Welch\'s. Para todos os testes o nível de significância foi de 5%. Com relação à IL-2 houve diferenças estatísticas significantes entre os grupos Activ-GP® e AH-Plus® (p=0,0391). No período de 21 dias foram detectadas diferenças entre o grupo controle e AH-Plus® (p=0,0402) e entre o grupo Sealapex® e AH-Plus® (p=0,0244). O AH-Plus® induziou um maior aumento na IL-6, aos 7 dias em relação ao Activ-GP® (p=0,0286) e aos 21 dias entre o grupo controle (p=0.0402) e Activ-GP® (p=0.0244). Os níveis de TNF-α foram estatisticamente superiores após 7 dias quando comparou-se o grupo AH-Plus® com os demais. Observou-se que no grupo controle aos 7 e 21 dias ocorreram diferenças estatísticas em relação ao Sealapex® e AH-Plus® respectivamente quando avaliadas as concentrações de IFN-γ. Houve também diferenças estatísticas entre o grupo controle e Sealapex® (p=0,0158) no período de 7 dias para a citocina IL-4. Os valores de IL-10 foram estatisticamente superiores para o grupo controle em relação ao Activ-GP® no período de 21 dias (p=0,0471). Com relação a IL-17 no período de 21 dias, observou-se os maiores valores para o grupo controle, seguido pelo Sealapex®, Activ-GP® e AH-Plus®. Foram detectadas diferenças entre os grupos controle e AH-Plus® (p=0,0121), controle e Activ-GP® (p=0,0262) e entre Sealapex® e Activ GP® (p=0,0314). Baseado nesses resultados podê-se concluir que: os cimentos endodônticos são capazes de modular as respostas Th1, Th2 e Th17 através da inibição ou estimulação da liberação das citocinas testadas. O cimento AH-Plus® promoveu as maiores diferenças no perfil de resposta Th1. / It was evaluated the capacity of the following endodontic sealers: Sealapex, Activ-GP and AH-Plus to modify the cytokine profile in Th1, Th2 and Th17 responses, after their implantation in the subcutaneous tissue of mice. Quantification of IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10 and IL-17 was performed in vivo, in the reactional tissue surrounding the implants, which were made from sterile nasogastric probes and apyrogenic of polyvinyl chloride filled with sealer, and a control group of empty probes. It was used isogenic mice of C57BL/6 lineage, 6/8 weeks old males, each of which received two implants in the dorsal region (left and right). After the experimental time of 7, 21 and 63 days, the mice were anesthetized and the implants were removed along with the surrounding tissue, the animals were then sacrificed by cervical dislocation. Samples from each group were divided as follows: two containing implant / tissue processed histologically and with only the remaining tissue (without implant) were mixed and centrifuged with a solution formed by RIPA buffer and protease inhibitors. The supernatant result of this process was collected and cytokine dosage accomplished by mouse-Th1/Th2/Th17 Cytokine CBA Kit Kit (BD cytometric Bead Array, San Jose, CA, USA) for flow cytometry analysis. The evaluated parameters were the cytokine concentration in function of sealer tested in each trial. The results were submitted to statistical analysis using the t test with Welch\'s correction. For all tests the significance level was 5%. With respect to IL-2 there were significant statistical differences between groups-Activ GP and AH-Plus (p=0.0391). In the period of 21 days differences were found between the control group and AH-Plus (p=0.0402) and between the group Sealapex and AH-Plus (p=0.0244). The AH-Plus induced a greater increase in IL-6, at 7 days compared to Activ-GP (p=0.0286) and at 21 days between the control group (p=0.0402) and Activ-GP (p=0.0244). The levels of TNF-α were significantly higher after 7 days when the AH-Plus group was compared with others. It was observed that in the control group at 7 and 21 days there were statistical differences in relation to Sealapex and AH-Plus respectively when evaluated concentrations of IFN-γ. There were also significant differences between the control group and Sealapex (p=0.0158) within 7 days for the cytokine IL-4. The amounts of IL-10 were statistically higher in the control group compared to the Activ GP in a period of 21 days (p=0.0471). With respect to IL-17 in a period of 21 days, it was observed the highest values for the control group, followed by Sealapex, Activ-GP and AH-Plus. Differences were found between the control groups and AH-Plus (p=0.0121), control and Activ-GP (p=0.0262) and between Sealapex and Activ-GP (p=0.0314). Based on the presented results theendodontic sealers are able to promote changes in the response cytokine profile Th1, Th2 and Th17; Sealer AH-Plus produced the greatest changes, in the Th1 response profile.
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Express?o imuno-histoqu?mica de IL-17, TGF-?1 e FOXP3 em ganulomas periapicais, cistos radiculares e cistos radiculares residuaisAndrade, Ana Luiza Dias Leite de 27 February 2012 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2012-02-27 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Periapical lesions are chronic inflammatory conditions of periradicular tissues considered direct consequences of infectious diseases resulting from pulp necrosis and
subsequent progression to periapical region. The participation of the immune response and bone resorption in the formation of these lesions has been investigated, so that different cell
types and cytokines have been identified as contributors to this process. In this perspective, this study aimed to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of IL-17, TGF-?1 and
FoxP3 in periapical granulomas (PGs), radicular cysts (RCs) and residual radicular cysts (RRCs), seeking a better understanding of the etiopathogenesis these periapicopatias. To this
end, we selected 20 cases of GPs, 20 CRs and 10 RRCs to undergo morphological analysis and immunohistochemistry for biomarkers above, the latter being performed quantitatively
using scores and average percentages of immunostaining for the analysis of IL-17 and TGF- ?1, while for the FoxP3 were counted only the positive lymphocytes. The results showed
statistically significant differences between TGF-?1 and FoxP3 imunoexpressions, in relation to the periapical lesions studied (p = 0.002, p <0.001, respectively) but not between IL-17 and
these (p = 0.355). Furthermore, the analysis of lymphocytes FoxP3-positive revealed significant statistical differences in that refers to the intensity of inflammatory infiltrate (p =
0.003) and also regarding thickness of the epithelial lining (p = 0.009). Finally, it was observed in the case of PGs, strong positive correlation between the amount of FoxP3-
positive lymphocytes and the immunohistochemical expression of TGF-?1 (r = 0.755, p<0.001), as well as moderate positive correlation between IL-17 and TGF-?1 imunoexpressions (r = 0.503, p = 0.024). Thus, we can conclude that interactions between Th17 and Treg cells seem to be established at the site of injury, suggesting the involvement of both pro-inflammatory and immunoregulatory cytokines in the pathogenesis of periapical
lesions / Les?es periapicais cr?nicas s?o condi??es inflamat?rias dos tecidos perirradiculares consideradas sequelas diretas de processos infecciosos resultantes da necrose pulpar e
consequente progress?o para a regi?o periapical. A participa??o da resposta imunol?gica e da reabsor??o ?ssea na forma??o destas les?es tem sido bastante investigada, de modo que
diversos tipos celulares e citocinas foram apontados como colaboradores deste processo. Nesta perspectiva, o presente estudo objetivou avaliar a express?o imuno-histoqu?mica da IL-
17, TGF-?1 e FoxP3 em granulomas periapicais (GPs), cistos radiculares (CRs) e cistos radiculares residuais (CRRs), buscando um melhor entendimento sobre a etiopatog?nese destas periapicopatias. Para tanto, foram selecionados 20 casos de GPs, 20 de CRs e 10 de CRRs para serem submetidos ? an?lise morfol?gica e imuno-histoqu?mica para os biomarcadores supracitados, sendo esta ?ltima realizada quantitativamente atrav?s de escores e percentuais m?dios de imunomarca??o para a an?lise da IL-17 e do TGF-?1, enquanto que para o FoxP3 foram contados apenas os linf?citos positivos. Os resultados demonstraram diferen?as estatisticamente significativas entre as imunoexpress?es do TGF-?1 e do FoxP3 em rela??o as les?es periapicais pesquisadas (p = 0,002; p < 0,001, respectivamente), mas n?o entre a IL-17 e estas (p = 0,355). Al?m disso, a an?lise dos linf?citos FoxP3-positivos revelou diferen?as estat?sticas significativas no que se refere ? intensidade do infiltrado inflamat?rio (p = 0,003) e tamb?m quanto ? espessura do revestimento epitelial (p = 0,009). Por fim, observou-se nos casos de GPs, forte correla??o positiva entre a quantidade de linf?citos FoxP3-positivos e a imunoexpress?o do TGF-?1 (r = 0,755; p < 0,001), assim como moderada correla??o positiva entre as imunoexpress?es da IL-17 e do TGF-?1 (r = 0,503; p =
0,024). Destarte, pode-se concluir que intera??es entre c?lulas Th17 e Treg parecem ser estabelecidas no local da agress?o, sugerindo a participa??o de citocinas tanto pr?inflamat?rias
como imunorregulat?rias na patogenia das les?es periapicais
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An?lise da resposta Th17 em l?quen plano oralMonteiro, Barbara Vanessa de Brito 24 February 2012 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2012-02-24 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / Th17 cells have been strongly associated with the pathogenesis of several autoimmune
and inflammatory diseases. IL-17 and IL-23 are important cytokines associated with this
lineage. The aim of this study was to analyze, through immunohistochemical methods, the
immunoexpression of IL-17 and IL-23 in the inflammatory infiltrate of oral lichen planus
(OLP) lesion compared to that of inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia (IFH) and between
clinical forms reticular and erosive of OLP. The sample included 41 cases of OLP, of which
23 were reticular and 18 erosive and 10 cases of IFH. The results were subjected to
nonparametric statistical tests with a 5% significance level. In OLP lesions
histomorphological analysis, the most common findings were: hyperparakeratinization,
specimens with atrophic epithelium in erosive clinical form (p = 0.011), epithelial projections
in most of reticular type of lesions, in addition Civatte bodies were identified in most samples
of both clinical forms. For immunohistochemistry analysis, five fields with strong
immunoreactivity for IL-17 and IL-23 were photomicrographed at 400x magnification,
images were transferred to a computer where with ImageJ software?, lymphocytes that
exhibited cytoplasmic immunostaining for these cytokines were counted. A mean was
established after for each case. There was no statistically significant difference in the number
of imunopositive lymphocytes for IL-17 and IL-23 among the group of OLP and IFH group,
however a larger amount of lymphocytes imunopositive for IL-17 was found in the LPO
group (p = 0.079) and significantly higher amounts of those lymphocytes were found in the
erosive OLP when compared to the group of reticular OLP and IFH (p = 0.019). Furthermore,
a marker epithelial immunopositivity for IL-17 was observed in OLP group. Although the
results of this study do not permit the forceful assertion about the participation of Th17
lineage in OLP lesions, the findings of immunopositive lymphocytes counting for IL-17 and
IL-23, which are potent proinflammatory cytokines, together with the the marked epithelial
immunopositivity found for IL-17 in this study, suggest a possible role of this lineage in the
pathogenesis of this disorder / As c?lulas Th17 t?m sido fortemente associadas com a patogenia de diversas doen?as
autoimunes e inflamat?rias. A IL-17 e a IL-23 s?o importantes citocinas associadas com esta
linhagem. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi analisar, atrav?s de m?todos imunohistoqu?micos,
a imunoexpress?o da IL-17 e da IL-23 no infiltrado inflamat?rio das les?es de
l?quen plano oral (LPO) comparando ao da hiperplasia fibrosa inflamat?ria (HFI) e entre as
formas cl?nicas reticular e erosiva do LPO com o intuito de esclarecer se a linhagem Th17
participa da patog?nese do LPO. Na amostra foram inclu?dos 41 casos de LPO, dos quais 23
eram reticulares e 18 erosivos, al?m de 10 casos de HFI. Os resultados foram submetidos a
testes estat?sticos n?o param?tricos com n?vel de signific?ncia de 5%. Na an?lise
histomorfol?gica das les?es de LPO, observou-se predom?nio de: les?es
hiperparaceratinizadas, esp?cimes com epit?lio atr?fico na forma cl?nica erosiva (p=0,011),
proje??es epiteliais nas les?es do tipo reticular, al?m de corpos de Civatte identificados na
maior parte da amostra de ambas as formas cl?nicas. Para o estudo imuno-histoqu?mico, cinco
campos com forte imunorreatividade para a IL-17 e para a IL-23 foram fotomicrografados sob
o aumento de 400x, as fotos foram transferidas para um computador onde com o aux?lio do
software ImageJ?, realizou-se a contagem dos linf?citos que exibiram imunomarca??o
citoplasm?tica para estas citocinas. Posteriormente, foi estabelecida uma m?dia para cada
caso. N?o foram observadas diferen?as estatisticamente significativas na quantidade de
linf?citos imunopositivos para a IL-17 e para a IL-23 entre o grupo do LPO e da HFI, no
entanto uma maior quantidade desses linf?citos para a IL-17 foi encontrada no grupo do LPO
(p=0,079) e uma quantidade significativamente maior de linf?citos imunopositivos para a IL-
23 foi encontrada entre o grupo do LPO erosivo e da HFI (p=0,019). Al?m disto, foi
observada uma marcante imunopositividade epitelial para a IL-17 no grupo do LPO. Ainda
que os resultados do presente estudo n?o permitam a afirma??o contundente da participa??o
da linhagem Th17 nas les?es de LPO, os achados da contagem dos linf?citos imunopositivos
para a IL-17 e para a IL-23, que s?o potentes citocinas pr?-inflamat?rias, somados ? marcante
imunopositividade epitelial encontrada para a IL-17 neste estudo, sugerem uma poss?vel
participa??o desta linhagem na patog?nese desta desordem
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Imunoexpress?o da IL-17 e ROR?t em carcinomas de c?lulas escamosas de l?bio e l?nguaBezerra, Th?mara Manoela Marinho 27 February 2014 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2014-02-27 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Th17 cells have been strongly associated to the pathogenesis of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, although their influence on the carcinogenesis is still little known, there are reports of anti-tumor and protumoral actions. The objective of this study is to research the presence of Th17 lineage in lip and tongue SCC, using the analysis of the immunoexpression of IL-17 and ROR?t, relating this immunoexpression with clinical and morphological findings in the attempt to better comprehend the role of these cells on the tumoral immunity of OSCCs. The results were submitted to non-parametric statistical tests with significance level of 5%. On the histomorphological analysis, it was observed the predominance of low level lesions on lip and high level lesions on tongue (p=0,024). It was not observed statistical significance between clinical stage and histological gradation of malignancy (p=0,644). For the immunohistochemical study, 5 random fields with greater immunoreactivity of the peritumoral inflammatory infiltrate were photomicrographed on the 400x magnification. It was done the count of lymphocytes which showed cytoplasmic and pericytoplasmic staining for the IL-17 cytokine as well as nuclear and cytoplasmic staining for ROR?t. It was observed statistical significance difference on the quantity of immunopositive lymphocytes to IL-17 between the groups of SCC of lip and tongue (p=0,028). For the ROR?t it was not observed statistical significance difference between the groups of SCC of lip and tongue (p=0,915). It was not observed statistical difference between the immunostaining of IL-17 and ROR?t with histological gradation of malignancy and clinical staging. The findings of this research suggest a possible anti-tumor role of IL-17 for cases of lip. The results of the analysis of the ROR?t are possibly due to the wide duality of the anti-tumor and protumoral role of the Th17 cells and their plasticity which, in the presence of different cytokines expressed on the tumor microenvironment, can alter its phenotype. / As c?lulas Th17 t?m sido fortemente associadas ? patogenia de doen?as autoimunes e inflamat?rias, por?m sua influ?ncia na carcinog?nese ainda ? pouco conhecida, havendo relatos de suas a??es tanto antitumorais quanto pr?-tumorais. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi pesquisar a presen?a da linhagem Th17 intratumoral em CCE de l?bio e l?ngua, atrav?s da an?lise da imunoexpress?o da IL-17 e do ROR?t, relacionando estes achados com dados cl?nicos e morfol?gicos na tentativa de melhor compreender o papel dessas c?lulas na imunidade tumoral dos CCEOs. Na an?lise histomorfol?gica, observou-se predom?nio de les?es de baixo grau em l?bio e de alto grau em l?ngua (p = 0,024). N?o foi observada signific?ncia estat?stica entre estadiamento cl?nico e grada??o histol?gica de malignidade (p = 0,644). Para o estudo imunoistoqu?mico, 5 campos aleat?rios com maior imunorreatividade do infiltrado inflamat?rio peritumoral foram fotomicrografados no aumento de 400x. Realizou-se a contagem de linf?citos que exibiram marca??o citoplasm?tica e pericitoplasm?tica para a citocina IL-17 bem como nuclear e citoplasm?tica para o ROR?t. Foi observada diferen?a estatisticamente significativa na quantidade de linf?citos imunopositivos para IL-17 entre os grupos de CCE de l?bio e l?ngua (p = 0,028). Para o ROR?t n?o foi observada diferen?a estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos de CCE de l?bio e l?ngua (p = 0,915). N?o foi observada diferen?a estat?stica entre a imunomarca??o da IL-17 e ROR?t com grada??o histol?gica de malignidade e com estadiamento cl?nico. Os achados dessa pesquisa sugerem um poss?vel papel antitumoral da IL-17 para os casos de l?bio. Os resultados da an?lise do ROR?t, possivelmente se devem ? ampla dualidade do papel pr?-tumoral e antitumoral das c?lulas Th17 e ? sua plasticidade que, na presen?a de diferentes citocinas expressas no microambiente tumoral, podem alterar seu fen?tipo
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Papel imunomodulador da interleucina-17 na resposta inflamatória intestinal e metabólica no diabetes do tipo 2 / Immunomodulator role of intestinal interleukin-17 in inflammatory and metabolic responses in type 2 diabetesMalena Martínez Pérez 31 March 2016 (has links)
O trato gastrointestinal é um sítio de alta exposição antigênica, por isso requer a presença de mecanismos de regulação imunológica mediada por linfócitos T reguladores e T auxiliares produtores de IL-17 (Th17) na mucosa intestinal. Se houvera falha na indução desses mecanismos, pode ocorrer o desequilíbrio das populações de bactérias comensais da microbiota intestinal, denominado de disbiose, geralmente associado à ruptura da barreira intestinal e translocação de bactérias ou LPS para o sangue. Neste sentido, alguns estudos têm evidenciado a importância dos linfócitos Th17 no intestino, já que estas células tem a capacidade de manter a integridade da barreira intestinal e, como conseqüência controlar a colonização e translocação bacteriana. Em adição, em pacientes e animais diabéticos têm sido observada a correlação de altos níveis de LPS circulantes e resistência à insulina. Baseado nessas evidências, nosso objetivo foi avaliar o papel da citocina IL-17 no controle das alterações inflamatórias e metabólicas no modelo de diabetes do tipo 2 (DM2). Para isso, foram utilizados camundongos C57BL/6 selvagens (WT) ou deficientes do receptor da citocina IL-17 (IL-17R-/-) submetidos à dieta controle (DN), composta por 10% de gorduras, 70% de carboidratos e 20% de proteínas ou à dieta hiperlipídica (DH), composta por 60% de gorduras, 20% de carboidratos e 20% de proteínas. Nossos dados demonstraram que a deficiência do receptor de IL-17 protegeu os animais contra a obesidade, mas os mesmos desenvolveram maior hiperglicemia e hiperinsulinemia decorrente da resistência à insulina. Além disso, foi verificada a hiperplasia das ilhotas pancreáticas, anormalidades na arquitetura e intenso infiltrado inflamatório no intestino (íleo) dos animais IL-17R-/- comparados aos WT após DH. Esse fato parece estar correlacionado a um defeito da migração de neutrófilos para a mucosa intestinal, uma vez que foi detectada reduzida expressão gênica da quimiocina CXCL-1 e do receptor CXCR-2 no íleo desses animais. De maneira interessante, as populações de neutrófilos (CD11b+Ly6G+) e de macrófagos anti-inflamatórios (CD11b+CX3CR1+) mostraram-se aumentadas nos linfonodos mesentéricos dos animais IL-17R-/- após DH. Em seguida, foi constatada maior translocação bacteriana no sangue tanto de animais IL-17R-/- submetidos à DN como DH. Entretanto, a análise metagenômica do gene 16S revelou a prevalência de bactérias Bacteroidetes e Proteobacterias, principais representantes de bactérias gram-negativas, somente nas fezes dos animais IL-17R-/- submetidos à DH. Em conjunto, estes dados indicam que o eixo IL-17/IL-17R é importante na manutenção da homeostase intestinal e na regulação das alterações inflamatórias e metabólicas associadas ao DM2 / The gastrointestinal tract is a high antigenic exposure site, so it requires the presence of immune regulation mechanisms mediated by regulatory T lymphocytes and IL-17- producing T helper lymphocytes (Th17) in the intestinal mucosa. If there is a failure in the induction of these mechanisms, may occur the imbalance in the populations of commensal bacteria of the intestinal microbiota, called dysbiosis, generally associated with the break of the intestinal barrier and translocation of bacteria or their products like LPS into the blood. In this regard, some studies have evidenced the importance of Th17 lymphocytes in the intestine, since these cells have the ability to maintain the integrity of the intestinal barrier, and consequently controlling the colonization and bacterial translocation. In addition, in patients and diabetic animals have been observed correlation between high circulating levels of LPS and insulin resistance. Based on this evidence, our objective was to evaluate the role of IL-17 cytokine in the control of inflammatory and metabolic changes in the type 2 diabetes (T2DM). For this reason, were used C57BL/6 wild-type mice (WT) or lacking of IL-17 cytokine receptor (IL-17R-/-) mice undergoing to the control diet (ND) comprising 10% fat, 70% carbohydrate and 20% protein or high fat diet (DH), comprising 60% fat, 20% carbohydrates and 20% protein. These data demonstrate that IL-17 receptor deficiency protected the animals against obesity, but these mice developed hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia due to insulin resistance. Furthermore, we verified a hyperplasia of the pancreatic islets, abnormalities in architecture and intense inflammation in the intestine (ileum) of IL-17R-/- animals undergoing DH compared to WT. This appears to be correlated to a defect in the neutrophil migration to the intestinal mucosa, since was detected reduced gene expression of the CXCL-1 chemokine and CXCR-2 receptor in the ileum of these animals. Interestingly, the populations of neutrophils (CD11b+Ly6G+) and antiinflammatory macrophages (CD11b+CX3CR1+) were shown to be increased in the mesenteric lymph nodes of IL-17R-/- animals after DH. Later, it was found more bacterial translocation in blood, both in IL-17R-/- mice with ND or DH. However, the metagenomic analyzes of the 16S gene revealed increased of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes phyla, the main representatives of gram-negative bacteria, only in the faeces of IL-17R-/- mice underwent DH. Together, these data indicate that IL-17/IL-17R axis is important in maintaining intestinal homeostasis and the regulation of inflammatory and metabolic alterations associated to T2DM
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Relação entre o padrão de citocinas secretadas por células de microglia ativadas in vitro e a geração de células T / Relationship between the pattern of cytokines secreted by microglia cells activated in vitro and T cell generationWesley Nogueira Brandão 04 June 2013 (has links)
INTRODUÇÃO: Atualmente as células da microglia têm recebido grande atenção dentro da resposta imune, isto devido ao fato de que sua ativação por citocinas inflamatórias é capaz de promover a infiltração e destruição do sistema nervoso central (SNC) durante algumas doenças, principalmente no caso da esclerose múltipla (EM). Além de seu papel pró-inflamatório, já demonstrou-se que estas também são capazes de expressar moléculas supressoras como a indoleamina-2,3-dioxigenase (IDO), capaz de suprimir a proliferação de células T. Contudo, ainda pouco se sabe sobre seu verdadeiro papel na patogenia da EM. Recentemente tem sido descrita uma população de células T chamadas Th17, capaz de secretar grandes quantidades de IL-17, IL-21 e GM-CSF possuindo uma importância fundamental na patogenia da EM e de seu modelo murino, a EAE. Nesse contexto, a relação entre as Th17 e as células da microglia pode nos fornecer dados importantes acerca dos mecanismos envolvidos nas lesões observadas no SNC. OBJETIVO: Este trabalho teve como objetivo melhor elucidar a relação existente entre a expressão das moléculas imunes por células da microglia e a ação que estas promovem sobre as células T. MÉTODOS: Utilizamos culturas de células da microglia de linhagem, chamadas C8-B4, assim como cultura primária de células da microglia obtidas a partir sistema nervoso de camundongos C57BL/6 adultos. Caracterizamos o perfil imune da microglia, avaliando a transcrição de genes para citocinas através de PCR em tempo real assim como a expressão de suas moléculas ativadoras por citometria de fluxo. A avaliação da IDO se deu através da expressão da mesma por células da microglia ativadas ou não por LPS ou IFN-?. Ja sua capacidade funcional foi medida através da atividade proliferativa de linfócitos T CD4 específicos para MOG 35-55. RESULTADOS: Nossos resultados demonstraram que as células de ambas as culturas possuem a capacidade de expressar diversas moléculas imunes, tanto pró quanto anti-inflamatórios. Dentre estas observamos TLR-4, TLR-2, IL-6, IL-10 e TGF-?. Além disso, confirmamos a expressão da enzima IDO por estas células. O bloqueio de tal enzima impede o controle que a microglia tem sobre a proliferação dos linfócitos T CD4, tanto in vitro quanto in vivo. No modelo in vivo tal efeito repercute em uma encefalomilite mais severa, onde o quadro clínico do animal não regride. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados aqui obtidos nos dão a certeza da influência das microglias dentro do contexto inflamatório, afirmando sua capacidade de modular a resposta imune. Além disto, fica clara a importância da enzima IDO, cuja ação dentro do controle de uma autoimunidade demonstra ser altamente necessária / INTRODUCTION: Microglia cells has gained great attention recently because its activation by inflammatory cytokines can promote infiltration and destruction of Central Nervous System (CNS) during some disease, mainly in the case of Multiple Sclerosis (MS). On the other hand, these cells may also express suppressor molecules such as the indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), able to suppress T cell proliferation. However, still little is known about its role in MS pathogenesis. Recently it has been described a new population of T cells called Th17, able to secrete high amounts of IL-17, IL-21 and GM-CSF, with a fundamental importance on MS and its murine model, EAE. In this context, the relationship between Th17 and microglia cells can provide us important data about the mechanisms involved in the establishment of CNS lesions. OBJECTIVES: This work had the objective to better elucidate the relationship between the expression of some molecules by microglia and its role T cell activation. METHODS: Through a cellular lineage knowing as C8-B4 and primary cultures of microglia obtained from CNS of adult mice C57BL6 we investigated the transcription of several genes for cytokines and membrane expression of several pattern recognition receptors. The IDO evaluation was performed after activation with LPS or rIFN-?. Its functional capacity was measured trough its action over T cell proliferation. RESULTS: Our results demonstrated that both cells have the capacity of express several immune molecules, both pro and anti-inflammatory. Among this, we observed TLR-4, TLR-2, IL-6, IL-10 and TGF-?. We also confirmed IDO expression by these cells. The blockade of such enzyme prevents the control of microglia above T CD4 lymphocytes proliferation, both in vitro and in vivo. Using the in vivo model, IDO blocker rendered a encephalomyelitis more severe. Conclusion: The results here obtained give us the certainty of microglia influence in inflammatory context, stating its capacity of modulating the immune response
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